Chapter 57 Do what you need, apply what you need——Wang Anshi

The spring breeze is green on the south bank of the river, when will the bright moon shine on me? ——Wang Anshi "Mooring Boats in Guazhou" The sound of firecrackers marks the end of the new year, and the spring breeze brings warmth into Tusu. Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old talismans. ——Wang Anshi "Yuan Ri" In November of the fifth year of Tianxi (AD 1021), a baby boy was born in the mansion of Wang Yi, the judge of the Linjiang Army of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Qingjiang, Jiangxi and other places).The Wang family is full of congratulatory guests, and people are immersed in the joyful atmosphere of the owner's happy son. No one would have expected that this child will become a prominent figure who will rule the world and reform the government in decades. He is Wang Anshi.

Wang Anshi, a reformer, thinker and writer in the Song Dynasty.The name is Jiefu, and the name is Banshan.Born in Linchuan, Jiangxi (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi), he is known as Mr. Linchuan in the world. "Bo Wen is strong in mind, and writing for the text is like flying", the fourth and fourth Jinshi in the second year of Qingli (AD 1042).He served as a local official for many years, and made remarkable achievements when he was the magistrate of Yin County, Zhejiang Province.Thanks to Shenzong's appreciation, in the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi was appointed as a political adviser, and the next year, he was promoted to prime minister, and began to vigorously promote reforms and reforms.Wang Anshi believes that "heavenly changes are not enough to be feared, ancestors are not enough to follow the law, and people's words are not enough to be sympathetic." This is the spiritual support for his reform. In 1069, the "Regulations Department of the Three Divisions" was established as the leading organ of the reform.The reform centered on financial management, with the aim of enriching the country and strengthening the army.The content is roughly divided into three aspects: financial management, strengthening the army, and cultivating talents.The reform violated the interests of big landlords and big bureaucrats. The empress dowagers of the two palaces, relatives of the emperor and conservative scholar-bureaucrats united to oppose the reform.Wang Anshi dismissed his prime minister for the first time in the seventh year of Xining.The next year, he paid homage to the prime minister.After Wang Anshi returned to the prime minister, he could not get more support and could not continue to implement the reform. He resigned from the post of prime minister for the second time in the ninth year of Xining and lived in Jiangning mansion since then. After Shenzong died in 1085, all the new laws were abolished.The next year, Wang Anshi also died.Later, he was named Jing Guogong, also known as Jing Gong.Although Wang Anshi's reform could not fundamentally solve the social contradictions at that time, it reversed the situation of "poor and weak" in the Northern Song Dynasty to a certain extent and eased class contradictions.

But the Wang Anshi we usually come into contact with is the Wang Anshi who uses the word "green" to win the scenery in "Moving the Boat in Guazhou", or the Wang Anshi who visits Baochan Mountain and seeks philosophical thinking in the scenery.Even if he has no significant political achievements, his achievements in literature alone are enough to make him famous in Chinese history for thousands of years. "You Baochan Mountain" shows the characteristics of his articles that are good at discussing and reasoning, and he deserves to be named as one of the eight great masters of Tang and Song Dynasties.Wang Anshi's "Wang Wengong Collection", "Mr. Linchuan Collection", "Zhou Guan Xinyi", "Shi Yi Gou Shen" and other editions have been handed down from generation to generation, and I have lost them.

Wang Anshi's literary activities were closely related to his political activities. He opposed the Xikun school of literati who paid too much attention to rhetoric and literary talent, and believed that "literaries should be supplementary and practical", emphasizing the practicability of articles.Most of his essays are political, and most of them aim at current disadvantages, put forward clear propositions, and have a strong tendency. His poetry is as distinct as his prose.Many of his poems express sympathy for the people and worries about the future of the country.For example, "Hebei People":

The people of Hebei have a long and hard life near the two sides.Every family adopts a son to learn farming and weaving, and loses to the officials and family affairs.This year, there is a severe drought, and the prefectures and counties are still urging the river service.The old and the young come to the south together, and the southerners have nothing to eat in a good year.Sorrow, the daytime is dark, and those who pass by the road are colorless.Rusheng is not as good as Zhenguan, and there are no soldiers for fighting millet. It is written that the blood and sweat that the rulers plundered from the people were all used in military affairs, so that regardless of the north and the south, regardless of the abundance, the people fell into the desperate situation of displacement and "no food". "Mergering", "Receiving Salt", "Ganshi", "Famen", "Provincial Soldiers" and so on also show his concern for the suffering of the people's livelihood and his ideal of advocating the reform of bad governance.Wang Anshi was also deeply concerned about the Northern Song rulers' paralysis of Gou'an in the face of the threat of Liao and Xixia, and many poems express this thought.For example, "The Painting of Tigers in the Yin Mountains":

Yinshan athletes are in a hurry, and the trend can catch up with the north wind.Before the meandering tiger rode out, the white feather crossed and stood upright.Returning to the flag, the inverted halberd moves around, and after drawing the arrow, put the hooves in.The claws and claws can't do anything, and the upper class Dan looks wet.Hu Tianshuo's murderous aura was high, and his bow and knife were buried in a cloud of smoke.There is no work in the dome to look like this, and the Han envoys explained themselves.The silk in the hall is about to split, and you can still move your hair when you see it.Wandering low makes me think of the ancients, and here we go to Rongjie.Birds fleeing and beasts fleeing are also desolate, how can it be like closing the border and now Yanmian?The Khitan Yi hunts the Han and farms, the flying generals come from the old Nanshan, can they still shoot the tiger and follow the youth?

From a painting of a Yinshan athlete shooting a tiger, it is reminiscent of the ancient soldiers who defeated the invading enemy here, making the frontier peaceful and peaceful. Compared with the current state of "Hu Tianshuo's murderous spirit", it shows that he is not concerned about the country. I am deeply worried. However, Wang Anshi's poetry creation, on the contrary, showed his artistic maturity and superb level after the political enthusiasm ebbed in his later years.After Wang Anshi left his prime minister and lived in seclusion in his later years, the changes in his life and mood led to changes in his poetic style, and his mood was mostly tranquil, which resulted in a number of excellent works.In his "Ji Shi", he wrote about the scenery of mountain villages, "A river runs across the river, and there are several villages above and below. The rooster crows at noon, and the barking dogs bark in the wild."With a few strokes, the village flavor is fully revealed. "Vertical and horizontal" and "high and low" are opposed to each other to present a water-shaped village with a concise image. "Quiet Rest" and "Huang Xun", one is warm and lazy; the other is clear and desolate.But the rooster crows at noon, and the dog barks at dusk.Time has also been activated into something that has sentience and form. In "Mr. Shuhu Yin's Wall", "one water protects the field and surrounds the green, and the two mountains push the door to send the green", but it is absolutely impossible. The two sentences "protecting the field" and "expelling the door" come from the Han Dynasty, and they contain allusions, but they are so vivid.The water has its own nature to protect the fields and surround the green; the mountains also have intentions, layer upon layer like pushing green into the eyes.It can be said to be green plants, or it can be said to be green; it can be said to be green hills, or it can be said to be blue. In "Gexi Station", the meaning of pedestrians, illness and body worries, and desolation. "When you are sick, you feel the wind and dew early, and you don't know how long the mountains and rivers are when you return to your dreams." The sentence is close in the dream, and the sky is far away when you wake up. The mind is led by thoughts, and the body is trapped by illness. In "Early Summer Immediately", "on a sunny day, the warm wind generates wheat air, and when the green shade and secluded grass are more beautiful than flowers", there is a long bend of water beside the stone beam hut, and the sound of water splashes; the weather is fine, and the warm wind brings the breath of wheat , the shade is green and the grass is fragrant, although there are no flowers, it is more flavorful than when there are flowers.Wang Anshi has always liked to change poems, and he is very demanding. Some of his poems also like to make hard words, suppress dangerous rhymes, and quote uncommon allusions.Although later generations criticize Wang Anshi as the root of formalism, it can also be said that others are not as knowledgeable as him.