Chapter 17 Section 8 Discussion on the Naming Rules of Place Names in "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Guliang Biography"

With the increase in the number of place names and the accumulation of place name knowledge, research on the naming rules of place names has emerged.This is first of all the "Gongyang Biography" written in the early Han Dynasty. "Gongyang Zhuan" is also known as "Chunqiu Gongyangzhuan" or "Gongyang Chunqiu"."Guliang Zhuan" written in the Western Han Dynasty is also called "Chunqiu Guliang Zhuan" or "Guliang Chunqiu".At that time, on the basis of summarizing the sources of some place names and the distribution rules of place names, people proposed that "the north of the water is Yang, and the south of the mountain is Yang", as well as "the name follows the master" and "the upper level is called Yuan, and the lower level is called Xi" [xi Xi]'s place name naming rules.In addition, "Gongyang Zhuan" also objectively explained the origin of the place names of the capital:

"What is the master of the capital? The residence of the emperor. What is the capital, is the grandeur. What is the master, is the crowd. The residence of the emperor must be described in the words of the dogs." The historian and geographer Ying Shao [shao Shao] in the late Eastern Han Dynasty researched the origin and evolution of ancient place names in works such as "Han Shu Ji Jie Yin Yi", "Thirteen Prefectures" and "Geography and Customs".In "Hanshu Jijie Yinyi", he explained the origin of nearly 160 place names in "Hanshu·Geography".According to the quotations in "Shui Jing Zhu", "Geography and Customs" explained the origin of 27 ancient place names.Ying Shao explained the origin and history of about 180 place names except for those that overlap each other.Ying Shao's annotation of place names in "Hanshu" mostly followed the method of "Hanshu·Geographical Records", and there were also innovations.For example, Jingzhao Yin Xinfeng recorded in "Hanshu Geographical Chronicles", Ying Shao explained: "The Supreme Emperor (referring to Han Gaozu Liu Bang's father) wanted to return to the east, so Gaozu rebuilt the city streets to make Xiangfeng abundant, and migrated to Fengmin for real. Xinfeng.” This explanation reasonably reveals the historical process of the establishment of Xinfeng city and the appearance of Xinfeng place name.Ying Shao gave convincing explanations for many place names in "Hanshu·Geography", such as:

Gaoyang, Zhuojun, "in the sun of Gaohe"; Raoyang, "in the Yang of Raohe River"; Zhongshui, "is between Yi and Fu [kou Kou] two waters, so it is called Zhongshui". In short, Ying Shao has made important contributions to the interpretation of the origin of place names in ancient my country. "Yue Jue Shu" written by Yuan Kang, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a work containing the research content of regional place names.The book not only records many place names in the ancient Wuyue area, but also explains the origin of more than 30 place names; at the same time, it also discusses the naming rules of place names.For example, the interpretation of the place name "Zhu Yu" in Volume 8 of "Di Zhuan" says:

"Zhu Yu is the official of Yue Yan. Yue people call Yan Yu." Yuan Kang explained the origin of the place name "Zhu Yu" from the perspective of phonetics.At the same time, the book also pointed out the naming rules of Liantang, Xishan, Tanju, Tandu and other place names "named for each reason". "Name it because of the event" is one of the principles widely used in ancient Chinese place names.