Chapter 3 Chapter Two Harvest Production Festival
The ethnic minorities in my country, in addition to those mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, also have ethnic groups engaged in hunting and gathering and fishery production.Therefore, some of their festivals are often closely related to production and employment: they are not praying to avoid animal pests and insect pests, preventing floods and droughts, eliminating diseases and protecting livestock, or wishing or celebrating a bumper crop, fat cattle and sheep, or a good harvest of fishing and hunting, etc.These festivals, which are closely related to labor and production, express the wishes and yearnings of people of all ethnic groups, and are traditional days for them to celebrate a good harvest or wish for a happier coming year.Some of them are derived from myths and legends, some are derived from religious beliefs, and some are directly rooted in real life.Various national production festivals are another part of the colorful national festivals.
The ethnic groups in southern my country who are mainly engaged in agricultural production have some festivals that are closely related to agricultural production.In agricultural production, cattle are the main force of labor. Therefore, in addition to special feeding of cattle during Chinese New Year, many ethnic groups have to celebrate cattle festivals separately, such as the Festival of the Ox King and the Festival of the Ox. Soul Festival, Cow Birthday, Cow Washing Festival, etc.
Before the beginning of spring, the Dong people in Longsheng, Guangxi will be busy around the cattle, repairing the cattle pens, making lanterns, preparing grass, glutinous rice cakes and sweet wine.In the evening of the beginning of spring, lanterns are used to clear the way in front, followed by a "spring cow" made of bamboo paper, danced by two young people, and a farmer couple played by skilled workers and singers at the end.On behalf of the whole village, they danced to every farmhouse, and congratulated the hosts that "the spring cow will come to the door, and the weather will be good."The host sets off firecrackers to welcome them off, and presents gifts such as brown sugar and Baba, and kicks off the prelude to spring plowing and production with the festival of welcoming the spring cattle.After the Spring Cow Dance Team visited every house, a song and dance party was held on the ground, not only performing dances imitating labor, but also holding antiphonal songs including questions and answers about farming knowledge.On the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, the Dong people in the Rongjiang and Chejiang areas of Guizhou will have a "Ox Washing Festival". Every family will take the cow down the river to wash their bodies, and kill chickens and ducks to bless the cows, wishing the cattle to be clean and safe .According to the legend of the Dong people, the farm cattle were transformed by the devil bull.At the beginning, the Bull Demon King was appointed by the Jade Emperor to convey the will to human beings. He mistakenly said "the emperor gave you three meals a day to fill your stomachs" instead of "the emperor gave you three meals a day and your stomachs are not full". As a result, people starved .So the Bull Demon King went down to the world to help people work hard as compensation for the mistake in conveying the will.In order to thank the cattle for their contribution to agricultural development, the Dong people celebrate the cattle-washing festival every year.Buyi area also has this festival.In the Naxi area around Lijiang, Yunnan Province, there are also two "Cow Feet Washing Meetings" held every year from June 20th to 30th and September 10th to 30th in the lunar calendar.These two periods are just after the busy farming in spring and autumn, and they need to take a break, so people choose one day during the above two periods, and the whole village holds a dinner party, washes the cattle, feeds them 12 wheat cakes and a bundle of grass And hang a string of wheat cakes on the bullpen to express condolences.
The Lisu people in Lanping County, Yunnan Province believe that in ancient times, cows lived in the sky and lived very comfortably.Later, it saw the Lisu people eating bitter wild fruits for a living, and it couldn't bear it very much.So in the spring of one year, carrying the gods on his back, he sprinkled the five grain seeds hidden in the gourd to the human world, so that the human world began to grow the five grains, and the Lisu people got rid of the plight of hunger.The god was angry because of this, and drove the cow out of the sky and came to the world.The Lisu people kept them at home, but when the cattle saw people working hard, they took the initiative to pull the plows and harrows to help grow crops.Seeing that life in the world is getting better and better, the gods release frost and insect plagues to make trouble and persecute.When the cattle are farming, in order to ensure the growth of the crops, they also go to heaven to reason with the gods and prevent various disasters from succeeding, which has made great contributions to the Lisu people.Therefore, every year on the fifth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, the Lisu people here also celebrate the "Ox Bathing Festival".On this day, not only every family has to bathe the cattle, but also cook a pot of porridge with salt to feed the cattle.And the oldest woman in the family prays to the cow, hoping that it will intercede a lot in front of the gods, avoid disasters and harm, and have a good harvest.
Zhuang farmers in Guangxi, on the first day of the first lunar month of the new year, let their children go to the river beach to take the "stone ox" home.It is believed that all stones with holes are "stone cattle", which can be worn with cattle ropes, taken home, and "raised" in the cattle pen, so that the cattle will prosper throughout the year and avoid diseases and disasters.On the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar, the Zhuang people consider it the "Ox King Festival", "Ox Soul Festival" or "Seedling Opening Festival".The Mulao, Dong, Buyi, and Tujia people will celebrate the "Niuwang Festival" on this day, and use various forms to celebrate the cattle.The Zhuang people in the mountainous area of northwestern Guangxi believe that this day is the birthday of the Bull King (there are also people who celebrate this festival on the seventh day of May, the sixth day of June or the seventh day of July in the lunar calendar).They believe that during the spring ploughing, the ox was beaten and scolded by people and lost its soul, so after the spring ploughing and on the birthday of the ox king, comfort is given to call out the soul and let it rest.Parents of each family will lead the cow around the table for a week, and then feed glutinous rice, sweet wine, egg soup or mung bean soup, etc., and then feed them with bamboo tubes, and then feed them glutinous rice cakes.Children should wrap red paper on the horns to congratulate them on their birthday.Adults have to clean and trim the cattle pens.The Buyi people make "Niuwangba" for the cattle to eat.The Mulao people sacrifice wine, meat, and glutinous rice to the cowpen, and then feed the glutinous rice to the cattle after the sacrifice.The Dong people in the Sanjiang and Mengjiang areas of Guangxi want to pick a kind of leaf that is said to be able to produce body fluid and force, use its juice to mash rice, steam it into black rice and feed it to cattle, so as to strengthen the physique of the cattle.The Yao people in the mountainous areas of northern Guangxi also believe that the eighth day of April is the "Birthday of the Bull Head King". Therefore, on this day, they not only let the cattle rest, but also feed the cattle to eat glutinous rice, or black tea made from boiled and dyed ura leaves and maple leaves. Glutinous rice, in order to reward its contribution to human beings, and to pray for the health of the cattle.
When the Tujia people celebrate the "Niuwang Festival", people gather at the Niuwang Temple in costumes, offer wine, meat, and rice cakes, and entertain the Niuwang by blowing suona, setting off firecrackers, and dancing hand-waving dances.It is said that in the past, the Tujia people lived hard through slash-and-burn farming. Later, because the Bull King came down to earth to help with farming, and negotiated with the God of Five Grains, each ear of grain produced ninety-nine or eighty-one grains, so that the world could be full.But because of this, the Emperor of Heaven was angered, and the bull king came to the world to cultivate the land for a long time. He was not allowed to eat meat or rice, but only to eat grass, and he had to regurgitate the cud.But people are grateful to it, not only built a temple for it, but also set April 18 as the Niu Wang Festival, when it will rest, put red and colorful on it, feed it with good feed, and kill pigs and sheep to sacrifice in the temple. Sincere thanks.The Qiang people in Aba Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province hold the "Ox King Meeting" on November 1st of the lunar calendar. In some places, sun and moon-shaped buns are hung on the horns of the cows, and they are allowed to move freely. Wander around and make the most of your break in nature.
The Ox King Festival of the Gelao and Miao ethnic groups in southeast Guizhou falls on the first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar.On this day, not only will the cattle be stopped, but the cattle must be fed with the best feed. A glutinous rice cake should be hung on each of the two horns of the cattle, and it will be taken to the pond to look after its shadow to make it happy.At the same time, take off the glutinous rice cakes on the horns of the cow and feed it to the cow to celebrate the birthday of the cow king.In the area of the Li nationality in Hainan Island, the festival of the ox is also celebrated on the ox day in July or October every year.Living in the center of Wuzhi Mountain, on this day, Mutou will beat gongs and drums at home to invoke the spirit of the cow.They regard gemstones as a symbol of the soul of the cow and a blessing for the reproduction of the cattle herd, so the mutou couple wash the gemstones in a basin at home in order to make the cattle strong and prosperous.People also dance the "Zongpang" dance on the Niuwang Festival to pray for the development of the cattle as family wealth.
The Heihua people branch of the Yi nationality in the mountainous area of northwest Yunnan holds a "Oxen Festival" every year in Lidong to thank the cattle for their hard work in the past year.At that time, people used artichokes and radishes to make models of oxen and buffalo respectively, with corn ears as tails, buckwheat kernels or corn kernels as eyes, wheat ear tips as horns, buckwheat stalks or corn stalks as legs, and then made them The finished cow model is put into a large dustpan and placed in the middle of the lawn in front of Niushen Cliff.There are 12 pine logs erected around the lawn, on which are hung red silk decorated with buckwheat, oats and corn.Led by an old singer, people bring the cattle with red silk, sing and dance around the dustpan, praising the hard work of the cattle and the farmers who raise the cattle carefully and get a good harvest.Finally, the cow model and the concentrate feed mixed with buckwheat cake, oat fried noodles, corn cake and cut into sections of oat stalks were presented to the above-mentioned people with outstanding achievements to reward the love for cattle and agricultural achievements.The winning owner feeds the feed to the cows on the spot, weaves a "cow sedan chair" with colored threads, carries the cow model, and dances and dances across the village.After returning home, the cow model was offered in the main room as a family heirloom, which fully demonstrated the importance attached to the farming cattle.
The Hani people in Yunnan Province will celebrate the "Niu Nana" (Hani language, meaning "the cow rests its breath") festival at the beginning of May after the busy spring plowing in March and April of the lunar calendar.It is to let the hard-working cattle rest on this day and accept people's respect for it.On this day, people pick zebras and boil purple juice to dye glutinous rice, and kill a rooster for the gods to worship their ancestors.After the sacrifice, the cows are fed with chicken and broth mixed with glutinous rice, and blessings are given at the same time, and the cows are allowed to go up the mountain to graze freely and eat green grass.On the other hand, people wash their faces and bodies with purple water in the early morning of that day, which means washing away the toil and fatigue in the spring plowing.A set of clothes should also be washed, which symbolizes getting rid of the wild habit of singing love songs indulgently when planting.In this way, the cattle and the people happily spent a day of rest and celebration.It is a major feature of the agricultural nation in southern my country to attach importance to cattle and celebrate festivals for them.
Among the Tibetans in Handang, Tibet, hard-working donkeys are the main means of transport and play an important role in daily production and life.Therefore, the Tibetans there have a festival for donkeys.In the November of the Tibetan calendar after the autumn harvest, threshing, and fat delivery, the "Donkey Entertainment Festival" is held. They will remove the bridle and wooden saddle for the donkey, clean the donkey body, and tie red on the mane or tail. Cloth strips, good tea and concentrated feed, let it walk freely in the fields at the head of the village, without yelling and whipping, so that the lovely donkey can have a leisurely day.
After the crops are sown and planted, the weather must be in good weather, animals and insects must be driven out, so that they can grow smoothly and have a good harvest.Therefore, there are many festivals related to this aspect among the southern agricultural nations.The Zhuang nationality in Donglan and Fengshan counties in Guangxi, it is said that in ancient times there was a Zhuang girl who was not only good at planting rice seedlings, but also good at singing and dancing. She was very smart and beautiful. She was named Yangmei.Later, unfortunately, she was robbed by the chieftain and forced to marry her. Yangmei firmly refused and was locked in a cave.She cried bitterly all day long, blood in her eyes followed by tears, staining the Red River.The chieftain had no choice but to promise that if she finished planting a large field within one day, he would let her go home.The young girl who was tortured to be very thin struggled to plant for a day, but when she reached the last seedling, she was powerless and fell to the head of the field and died.This day is the fourth day of the fourth lunar month.Therefore, the Zhuang people there would offer sacrifices to the seedling fields on this day. They would insert a mans pole by the side of the newly planted seedling field, hang a string of paper under the pole, put a ball of glutinous rice and an egg under it, and burn incense and paper. , praying that the seedlings will be free from insects and disasters, grow vigorously, and have a good harvest.
On the first sheep day in April of the lunar calendar, the Hani people in Yunnan Province have a seedling door opening festival, which is called "Lima Main Festival" in Hani language.Legend has it that in March of Yangchun, the cuckoo flew to the Ailao mountain area according to the will of the god Momi, and informed the Hani people that the weather was changing from cold to warm and it was suitable for planting rice seedlings.Therefore, the local Hani people take the village as a unit, and each family prepares eggs dyed red and glutinous rice dyed yellow, and sacrifices to the gods of heaven and earth and cuckoos on the first sheep day in April.The festival is used to indicate that the seedling door is open and you can go to the field to plant seedlings.
It is said that the Bai people in Heqing, Yunnan Province, did not know how to farm, and lived in poverty.Later, Lin Yinshan God sent his 24 sons to become 24 migratory birds, and went to the village to tell people to plant and harvest according to the season.Therefore, every time it comes to the Ching Ming Festival of the lunar calendar, people wear festive costumes and celebrate the Bird Sacrifice Festival.On this day, it is forbidden to kill birds, and it is not allowed to cook in the mountains and forests. People have to bring fried oats, millet, small insects, and acorns to the mountains to feed the birds.At the same time, suona is played, singing in antiphonal lines, and flocks of birds come to peck the food thrown by people, forming a happy scene of people singing and singing.
The Yao people in the Jianghua area of Hunan Province have the custom of chasing birds.It is said that in the past there were many birds in Ganghwa Mountains, and they often pecked at the seeds sown.So on the last day of the first lunar month, the Yao people led the birds to Mount Baitou with singing, making them intoxicated by the singing.When the birds wake up half a year later, people have already had a good harvest.Later, a mountain owner asked the government for credit, saying that the thrush he raised led away the birds.At the end of February of the following year, the government sent people to investigate. The people on the mountain were drinking tea and warming the fire behind closed doors. No one sang to attract the birds.On the second day, that is, the first day of February, the farmers went out to sing folk songs one after another to lure away the birds. The birds got drunk for half a year and brought everyone a good harvest.From then on, on the first day of February every year, the Yao people will put on costumes, hold parasols, and go to Baitou Mountain to sing in antiphonal songs all day long until night falls.Elderly people wear glutinous rice cakes the size of copper coins on bamboo branches, called "niaozi cakes", and put them on the side of the altar or at the gate for the birds to feed on.It is said that if the birds peck at the food, their mouths will be stuck and they will no longer be able to peck at the seeds and grains, which will ensure a good harvest.
In addition to birds, there are also insects that hinder the growth of crops.The Mulao people in Luocheng, Guangxi and the Gelao people in Guizhou gather on the second day of the sixth lunar month every year to celebrate the Insect Eating Temple.It is said that in the ancient Mulao area, there were successive years of pests and poor harvests.One year, on the second day of June, a woman named Jia Niang took her child back to her natal home. Because her family was poor and had no money to buy gifts, she had to stir-fry the grasshoppers and locusts her child caught on the road as gifts for everyone to eat.After eating, everyone thought it was fragrant and delicious, so they competed to catch it for cooking, which greatly reduced the pest plague and achieved a bumper harvest.After Jianiang died, everyone commemorated it in the Zhongli Temple in Tiandong (dongdong), named "Eating Insect Temple".Therefore, on the second day of June every year, during the Insect Eating Festival, people gather in the temple to sing and dance, and catch insects to make fried locusts, sweet fried chrysalis, aphid rice loach, pickled grasshoppers and other flavor dishes, which not only increase game, And eliminate pests.Women who return to their natal homes also have to catch insects on the road and bring them back to their natal homes as gifts.On this day, the Gelao people have to line up in long lines to walk around the fields, catch insects, and plant small flags sprinkled with chicken blood on the edge of the field to show that they will drive away the pests.Some Yao people in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi celebrate the festival of Waking of Insects in the Lunar Calendar. The whole family eats fried corn kernels and shouts "eat fried insects" while eating. .
The Hani people in Yunnan Province are vulnerable to pests because the rice begins to head in mid-June, so every year on the first rooster day or monkey day after June 14th in the lunar calendar, "A Bao Nian" is celebrated, that is, the "Grasshopper Catch Festival".At that time, men, women and children in the whole village will go to the field to catch grasshoppers, and each family will catch a bamboo basket full, and divide each grasshopper into five parts: head, legs, body, limbs and shares, and put each in a pile and place them on the ridge of the field. And beside the drain, it means to scare other insects.After about half an hour, take it back into the bamboo basket, take it home as a dish or mix it into the cake for eating.When leaving the field, people still shouted as they walked: "Grasshopper, grasshopper, I won't catch you in the next three days, and you won't eat rice in three months." Use this festival method to pray for a good harvest.
The Zhuang people in Hechi, Baise, Fengshan, and Donglan in Guangxi, during the first month of the lunar calendar, have a "Ma (Cong Another) [guaiguai] Festival" (Frog Festival) that is closely related to agricultural activities.It is said that in ancient times, there was a filial son named Donglin of the Zhuang nationality here. When his mother died, there were constant noises of frogs outside the house. He was afraid of disturbing the rest of his mother's soul, so he poured boiling water on the frogs (ants (worms)) to death.As a result, the sound of frogs stopped, pests flourished, the world suffered disasters, and there was no harvest.At this time, Donglin realized that he was wrong and killed the "Tiannv" (frog) by mistake, so he decided to give the "Tiannv" a rich burial, and take the Tiannv back to the world for festivals in the first lunar month every year.Therefore, on the first day of the first lunar month every year, people will dress up, beat gongs and drums, and go to the fields to look for pairs of ants (insects) (frogs) that are hibernating.If anyone finds it, they will fire a cannon to warn the world.The person who found the pair of ants (chong another) was revered as "ant (chong another) Lang", and he presided over the activities of the Ant (chong another) festival that year. First, the teenagers carried the ants (chong another) to visit the new year.At night, the villagers went to the kiosk where the ants (worms) were parked to mourn for them.On the last day of the first lunar month, each family slaughters chickens and ducks and cooks five-color glutinous rice. After lunch, the whole village sends the ants to the cemetery for burial.Before the burial, Ma (Chong another) Lang opened the coffin of the burial Ma (Chong another) from the previous year and examined its bones. If you see golden yellow, it indicates that the weather will be good and good luck that year.If it meets black or gray, it means that the year is not good, and people are asked to prevent floods and droughts, or do relief activities, in order to have a good harvest and peace.It is a festival to show respect for frogs.
From spring plowing to autumn harvest, there are many farming links.In Baojing Dong area of Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, after breakfast on New Year’s Eve, the “living road head” who is in charge of the farming activities here will sound a gong on the mountain to announce: “From now on, seal the farm tools, seal the spinning wheel, and seal the nest (used for pounding rice).” ), stop digging mountains and farming, stop weaving cloth..." Every household also moved after hearing the sound.Put a seal on these utensils for the coming year.On the first Wu day of the first month of the following year, it is the "Way of the Road Festival".In the early morning of this day, at the head of the road, a clump of green shoots will be dug and planted on the field dam. After the three iron cannons are fired, the symbolic activities of plowing, digging and planting will be carried out.Afterwards, all the villagers sang and danced in the field dams planted with green shoots.In the afternoon, each family tore off the seals on the farm tools, and began to prepare for plowing and production the next day. The sounds of yelling cattle, pounding pestles and mortars, and spinning wheels and looms were heard everywhere, indicating the beginning of the new year's labor.
In order to pray for good weather and good harvests.The Jinuo people on the Jinuo Mountain in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province hold a festival of "sacrificing the dragon" every July in the lunar calendar.At that time, it will be presided over by Zhuoba and Zhuosheng (the father and mother of the village). In order to pray for the protection of the Dragon King, the whole village will hold a cattle plagiarism ceremony and stop farming for three days. In some places, the whole family will not go out and only entertain at home.It is said that Moyang Village has a precious sword that can control the weather, so the elders of each village will bring a chicken, a cup of wine, and a liter of rice to sacrifice the knife.Pray for rain when there is drought, and hope for sunshine when it is flooded.After inserting three grasses on the head of the chicken, the chicken is sacrificed, and then the chicken is scorched to see the cracks in the chicken leg bones, so as to predict the amount of rain and crops in the coming year.
The Nu people in Bijiang County, Yunnan Province also celebrate the Valley God Festival every year on December 29th of the lunar calendar to wish for a good harvest in the coming year.It is called "Ruwei" or "Rangshi" in Nu language, which means "the soul that buys grain".The festival can only be attended by grown men, neither underage boys nor women.In the early morning of this day, the chief priest first gathered the villagers together, and then planted a branch of golden bamboo, reed, and green tung oak on the ground.Then stir the buckwheat wine in the bamboo tube, and at the same time recite the sacrificial words, praying for good weather and a good harvest in the coming year.After the sacrifice, mince the meat brought by everyone, mix it with the rice, grab the food together with your hands, talk and laugh while eating, to herald a happy life in the coming year.
Some agricultural ethnic groups believe that grains have their own souls, so there are certain festivals every year to "receive the soul" and "call the soul" of grains, etc.The Lahu people in Yunnan Province choose a day in the second month of the lunar calendar every year to celebrate the spirit of the valley.At that time, people will invite 12 old people in the village to dance at home.One of them leads the dance, one plays the lusheng, and the other plays the straight flute. The rest hold liters, buckets, steamers (gifted by zeng), ladles, bowls, wine, meat pieces, millet, corn, etc. and dance around a table. Food and wine are provided.Dancers first jump from the courtyard into the main room, and then ascend from the main room to the second floor. In this way, it is believed that the soul of the valley god has been taken back to ensure a good harvest this year.The Azhe branch of the Yi nationality in Mile County, Yunnan Province celebrates a festival called "Soul of the Five Grains" on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar.At that time, food such as chicken and wine will be carried to the edge of the field for sacrifice, and at the same time, Bimo (wizard) will be invited to recite scriptures called the soul of five grains.In some areas, the Yi people perform sacrifices during the autumn harvest. Every time a field is harvested, the owner must recite prayers at the head of the field, asking the soul of the five grains to go home with the harvested crops, so as to bless the harvest in the coming year.The Jingpo people in Yunnan Province also choose a day during the autumn harvest to carry out the activity of "sacrificing grain piles", which is called the soul of the valley.It is said that in ancient times, the soul of the millet planted by the Jingpo people ascended to the sky, and the grain seeds in the world would no longer germinate and grow, which aroused the worries of the Jingpo people.Later, the dog looked at the sky and howled day and night, and finally called back to the soul of the valley, which made the millet grow well again.Therefore, after the autumn harvest every year, the Jingpo people hold the activity of "calling the soul of the valley" and feed the dog meat and rice to thank it for calling back the soul of the valley from the sky.
The Chashan Yao people in Dayao Mountain, Guangxi, when spring plowing and planting in April of the lunar calendar, young men and women wear festive costumes and have a joyful festival of collective transplanting.When transplanting rice seedlings, start from the Mei Village in the lower reaches of the Jinxiu River, and generally take the family as a unit, from the lower reaches to the upper reaches, and after one village is planted, another village is planted until all are planted.During this period, young people work together during the day and sing songs at night. It becomes a festival of mutual assistance and entertainment.
In the Bai nationality areas of Jianchuan and Eryuan in Yunnan Province, there used to be a Peach Blossom Festival to pray for a good harvest.When sowing grain seeds every year, it is necessary to make vinegar charcoal for the grain seeds, that is, put red-hot iron flakes and stones into the ladle, add mugwort, cypress branches or horse mulberry leaves, and then pour water into it to make it mix with the high-temperature iron The stones and stones stimulate each other, transpiring a fragrant smell, and a few peach blossoms are inserted on the grain seeds, and a row of peach blossoms and willow branches are inserted at the entrance of the seedling field.This is the main content of their Peach Blossom Festival.The Peach Blossom Festival of the Lemo people, a branch of the Bai nationality, is held on the day of the pig in the third month of the lunar calendar.They take the clan as a unit, carry offerings and a few branches of peach blossoms, and go to the fields to pay homage to the white king ghost, grain ghost, land ghost, and mountain ghost, in order to hope for a good harvest.After the sacrifice, people drink and sing, and before the tense spring plowing begins, through the Peach Blossom Festival, they wish auspiciousness and pray for a good harvest.
The Bunun people in Taiwan's Gaoshan ethnic group choose a day to celebrate the "Weed Pulling Festival" during the second and third lunar months every year.At that time, people brew wine, prepare goods, and perform sacrifices.People also dressed up and came to the edge of the fields. Parents bent down and pulled weeds, hoping that the emperor would bless the millet seedlings to grow.Afterwards, they also tapped each person's back with the weeds they pulled out, thinking that this would relieve the pain in the back.After the ceremony of offering sacrifices and weeding, on the way home, vines and bark are wrapped into rattan balls and fired around to show that all insects that harm the crops are killed and the crops grow and harvest.
The Maonan people in Huanjiang County, Guangxi hold the May Temple Festival every year in the fifth month of the lunar calendar. The date varies from village to village.With Tie'ao as the boundary, the entire Maonanshan Township is divided into upper and lower groups. The temple festival of the lower group is the first Chen day after the summer solstice;Some legends believe that this day is to commemorate Feng Sanjie, the founder of the Maonan people who raised farm cattle and vegetable cattle.Because Feng Sanjiegong started to use cattle, the Maonan people had paddy fields and rice.In the past, all villages had temple fields, and the income was used to buy vegetable cattle, and the cattle were sacrificed during festivals to sacrifice to Feng Sanjie, who loves beef.At the same time, the leaves of various crops should be picked and placed in front of the Goddess of the Land, asking the Goddess to bless the harvest.When it comes to festivals, Maonan families will pick maple leaves, empty sheep flowers, etc. to dye glutinous rice into five-color rice such as black, yellow, red, green, and white, steam it into colorful and fragrant five-color glutinous rice, and make steamed meat and other delicacies.Fold back the willow branches and insert them in the middle hall, knead the five-color rice into small balls, and stick them densely on the willow branches to show that the crops are fruitful and a good harvest.It is also necessary to feed the cattle a ball of rice and a piece of tamales to comfort the cattle.Women bring five-color glutinous rice and steamed meat back to their natal homes to visit relatives, while young people go out to the wild to sing songs and talk about love.
In the sixth month of the lunar calendar, the Miao people in Guangxi and the Hani people in Yunnan celebrate the "New Seedling Festival" and "Kuzaza" (also known as the year of June in Hani language) respectively.The New Grain Seedling Festival is held on the sixth day of June after the middle rice is planted, and the festival lasts for three to five days.On the first day, cook fresh fish porridge, steam glutinous rice, kill chickens and ducks, brew sweet wine, and entertain relatives and friends; on the second day, bullfighting; on the third day, horse racing.There will also be activities such as Lusheng competitions and group dances on the hillside. During the busy summer, I wish a good harvest.The Kuzaza Festival is held on auspicious days selected by the priests of each village in the sixth month of the lunar calendar, and is mainly dedicated to offering sacrifices to the gods of heaven and the gods of valleys.It is necessary to build a house and set up a swing for the coming of the gods.In some areas, during the festival, stakes and ropes are used to isolate the village from the outside world to prevent ghosts from harming people.Most of the Hani people in the Honghe area hold festivals for five days from the first day of the dog to the day of the ox in the sixth month of the lunar calendar.On the first day, each household prepares; on the second day, houses are built and swings are erected; on the third day, cattle are slaughtered and distributed to each family as a sacrifice; on the fourth day, a sacrificial ceremony for the whole village is held; Don't go out, silently see off the gods.This is not only a festival of agricultural production, but also a festival of religious sacrifices to gods. Through offering sacrifices to gods and celebrating the festival, we pray for a good agricultural harvest.
Every year on the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the Gelao people celebrate the "August Festival" or "Welcoming New Valley Festival" to welcome the harvest.The Gelao people attach great importance to this festival, and it takes two consecutive days.Everyone dressed up in festive costumes and gathered in the middle of the village. Several strong men brought the big-gun cows wearing red flowers into the arena.Then the band played the "Eight Immortals" music, set off muskets and firecrackers, and then killed the beef and cooked the meat, and distributed the beef equally to each household, so that the parents could take it home and offer it to the ancestors. meaning.The elders of the ethnic group also use a piglet, a rooster, and a big duck as three animals to make offerings in front of the Bodhisattva tree.After the sacrifice, the public had dinner together, and the young people sang and danced happily under the moonlight.On the second day, fresh grains, melons and fruits will be collected from the fields for the family feast.After the banquet, the women each bring their own children and send gifts to their natal relatives to express their congratulations.Young people still sing and dance all day long to welcome the arrival of a good harvest. After the festival, the autumn harvest begins.
According to the legend of the Miao people in Chengbu County, Hunan Province, there was a period in ancient times when the soldiers were in turmoil and people ran everywhere to escape.Eight girls came here and saw the fertile land and few people, so they sowed grain here and got a good harvest that year.They settled down, developed the land, and made this place rich.Therefore, every year after the autumn harvest, the Miao people here will brew sorghum rice wine to entertain relatives and friends, and commemorate the eight girls who opened up the wilderness here, forming a "Bagu Festival" to celebrate the harvest.
In addition to the festivals of the agricultural peoples such as respecting cattle, offering sacrifices to the god of grain, repelling insects, worshiping birds, driving birds, offering sacrifices to the Great King Mo, respecting the Lord of the Three Realms, and offering sacrifices to gods, some festivals are also related to fishing.The Miao people in Longli, Guiding and Fuquan areas of Guizhou go to the riverside to celebrate the fish-killing festival every year on the ninth day of the third lunar month.It is said that the princess of the ancient king of heaven fell ill and a hundred medicines did not work. Later, the god sent the god to catch a hundred kinds of fish and make soup. The princess recovered after drinking the soup.So the Heavenly King was overjoyed and ordered the Rain God to rain more rain on the rivers, lakes and seas, causing a severe drought on the land.The Miao people were very worried. It was useless to kill pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, and ducks to sacrifice to the sky, so they had to sacrifice fish to the sky.When the king of heaven saw the fish that had saved his daughter was killed, he cried for three days, and it turned into rain and fell to the world, and the seedlings and everything were saved, so people fished to sacrifice to heaven every year.During festivals, people gather by the river to kill fish with spears, set up bonfires to cook fish in iron pots, eat fish and drink wine, play sheng and sing songs, pray for rain, and pray for good weather and good harvests.
The Yami people of the Gaoshan ethnic group who live on Lanyu in the south of Taiwan Island mainly live by fishing flying fish.They will hold a series of fish festivals, harvest festivals, night fish festivals and day fish festivals, etc., forming many festivals that are closely related to fishery production.
The Fish Recruiting Festival is held on March 1st.As early as February 27, members of the same mutual aid fishing organization would stay together at the captain's house to jointly check the readiness of torches, fishing gear and boats.On the morning of March 1st, the crew, wearing silver helmets and pectorals, collectively lifted the boat to the sea.The captain kills a chicken, drips blood into a wooden tray, and each dips his index finger in the chicken blood and smears it on the boat and the reefs on the shore, praying for a good harvest of flying fish.And 33 small bamboo tubes were used to smear chicken blood to show that the boats went out to sea and fished and got a good harvest.Then, people stood up, held up their helmets, and jumped out of the boat with strange voices, in order to drive away ghosts.Then push the fishing boat into the sea water as a test before going out to sea for fishing.Finally, the chickens that had been killed were taken out, and everyone went back to the village to cook.The ritual of recruiting fish is complete.
On the morning of March 2, the Fishing Festival is held.People who go fishing live together, eat local specialties such as taro and fish, and pray to the gods to bless the harvest.Then, under the leadership of two priests, one holding a long wooden stick fishing net and the other holding a wooden oar, they came to the side of the boat. Each of them grabbed a handful of sand and threw it into his own wooden boat. There are as many fish as sand.Sprinkle sea water into the big boat, and pray that the sea will bring the boat to the place where there are most flying fish.After returning home, everyone touches the bamboo pole dedicated to drying flying fish, which indicates that many flying fish will be caught and dried here this year.
From the evening of March 3rd, night fishing will be carried out, and this night will be a festival for overnight fishing sacrifices.The captain of the first boat leading into the sea is the priest, and kills a pig on the bow of the boat, letting the blood flow into the sea.An urn filled with water was placed at the bow of the boat, and an oar was put in, and a small ladle filled with millet and clear water was sprinkled into the sea to worship the spirit of the flying fish.After the sacrifice, night fishing begins, and the harvest of this boat's first voyage is used to predict whether this year's fishing industry will have a good harvest.From then on, all fishing boats went out to sea every night to fish, and each captain had to carry a small bamboo tube with chicken blood and stuff it into the mouth of the first flying fish caught. This fish was put on the boat and not brought home middle.After the Night Fishing Festival, everyone rested together during the day and went fishing at night. After a month in a row, they distributed the flying fish they had caught to each of them, and then scattered them back home.
May 1st is a festival for the "Day Fishing Festival". After this festival, daytime fishing begins. Fishing with fishing line can obtain other types of fish except flying fish.It can be seen that their festival rituals are closely related to fishery production.
The Yao people living in the mountainous areas of Hunan and Guangxi used to make a living mainly by hunting.Now the Landi Yao people on the border of Yunnan and Guangxi still often engage in hunting activities, and the prey is distributed according to the custom of "whoever sees gets a share".Except for the gunner who gets an extra reward, all the rest are distributed equally, and even guests from outside the village can get a share.They celebrate the "Ganba Festival" on the third day of the third lunar month.Start preparations in late February. Villages that decide to go hunting in the mountains during the festival will need to burn charcoal, repair guns, pound gunpowder, make yards (gun sand), etc.; villages that decide to go down the river to catch fish during the festival will also prepare related equipment.Families use glutinous rice to make cakes and make wine for festival consumption.In the early morning of the festival, men carry guns and go up the mountain to hunt animals. After hunting, everyone divides them equally.Women slaughter geese and ducks at home, make five-color glutinous rice, and prepare sumptuous banquets.Those who go down the river to catch fish also set out early in the morning, and the fish they get for the day are also distributed equally.At night, everyone visits each other, drinks wine and eats meat. Some of the fish and animal meat are made into special delicacies. friend.This is the origin of the name of the festival.
The black-speaking branch of the Yi people in the eastern and western mountainous areas of Heqing County, Yunnan Province celebrates a "Bawu Festival" every year on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is a day to celebrate the harvest after hunting.In the past, whenever the hunters hunted wild animals, they would immediately peel the prey, hand over the head of the animal to the commander of the organization, the skin of the animal to the person who shot it, and the meat of the animal to the relevant people for barbecue.Afterwards, the hunters took the animal head first, followed by the animal skin, and other hunters dressed as beasts followed behind, dancing a joyous Bau dance to celebrate the success of the hunt.After the meat is roasted, everyone stops singing and dancing to share the delicious food.Later, it gradually evolved into a regular festival.At that time, a band will be composed of 12 wooden drums, 12 gongs, and 12 suonas (the number is 13 in leap years), and 36 young girls will be dressed in tiger, leopard, bear, deer, roe, muntjae, and fox costumes. , Rabbit and other furs, or the feathers of golden pheasants and birds on the head, pretending to be various birds and beasts, dancing around the fire, imitating the calls of animals and birds, and showing their various postures.The hunters hold steel forks and crossbows, surround the "prey" dressed as beast birds, spin and dance in opposite directions, and perform hunting movements while dancing.This day's festival is also called "Bawu Festival".In addition, there are performances such as playing dragon lanterns, lion lanterns, and white crane lanterns.
The Naxi people in Yunnan attach great importance to animal husbandry. Every year on the eighth day of February, the Jiandan Festival is held, that is, the Shepherd Boy's Day, which is mainly to comfort the shepherd boys.On this day, the respectable old people in the village will replace the shepherd boy to graze, while the young friends nearby will gather meat and vegetables, and invite the shepherd boy to have a meal in the wild as a show of condolence.At the same time, a sacrifice to Sanduo God (God of Beiyue) will be held in order to pray for the gods to bless the shepherd boy and the flock.居住在泸沽湖边的纳西族支系摩梭人，则要在每年十二月十二日祭祀牧神，过“祭牧神节”。这天一早，家家准备丰盛的早餐，必须要煮一个猪心，在饭前先祭牧神，以求对放牧牲畜的保护。在节日这天，牧人要受到优待，给他们穿新衣，主妇分食时要把最好吃的部分给他们，并要多分一点。此外，还要将一些油煎粑粑、猪舌、猪蹄、香肠、米花糖、水果等食物放在一个大口袋里，够吃七八天左右，让他们带到牧场去享用，以示对牧人的慰问。祭牧神节既祭祀了牧神，又慰问了牧人，是一个畜牧业的生产节日。
云南省大理白族自治州剑川县的牧羊人也有自己的节日“把志节”。传说古代剑川县沙弥地方的富贵之家到了农历二月初八这一天，都要聚集到魁阁楼看戏。当地的牧羊人也闻讯而来，想看戏休息，但却遭到有钱人的阻挡和戏弄。因此，当地的群众每到二月初八这一天，都做最好的饭食，让牧羊人带去牧场食用，让他身背装有丰盛佳肴的竹篓，赶上羊群，到山沟溪地，共同嬉戏娱乐，在野外聚餐歌舞。年长月久，就演变成为牧羊人的节日“把志节”。
居住在甘肃肃南等县的裕固族，以畜牧业为主，兼营农业。每年选一个节日为小马驹隆重举行首次剪鬃的仪式，一般都在农历四月十一日举行，成为牧场上的欢乐节日。剪鬃时，用炒面疙瘩在小盘中垒成一个五至七层的小塔，上面浇以酥油，再在锋利的剪刀上系条一尺长的白色哈达，然后，由两人牵来马驹，请客人中的能手给马驹剪鬃毛。被请的人互相谦让一番，一边唱“剪鬃歌”，一边给马驹鬃毛抹酥油，先剪一绺鬃毛送入帐篷敬神，其他客人也边剪边唱，剪下的鬃毛主人留作纪念。然后，主人以酒肉款待客人。客人也乘酒兴赞美主人家拥有骏马，祝愿今后骡马成群，牛羊满厩。欢宴后，主人还要骑马驹出行，在草原上围绕帐篷串走，以示马驹长大，见到的人都要加以赞美祝福。
云南省西双版纳的基诺族过打铁节，基诺语称之为“特毛且”。这是一个尊重手工业匠人的劳动节日。每年农历十二月期间，由各寨寨父、寨母依据气候节令选择具体日期。届时，每户要出一人持弓箭、背火药枪、到山上捉两只黄嘴老鼠，献给寨父、寨母，作为儿女孝敬寨父母的节日礼物。还要捉竹鼠二只，送给打铁匠，作为新年备耕砍树仪式的礼物和对铁匠的感谢。打铁节起源于这样一个传说：古代有一位基诺妇女怀孕九年零九个月而未生育。她用黑、白母鸡各一只请巫师施法，也未成功。过了若干天，妇女觉得胸肋疼痛，坐立不安，一个时辰后，小孩咬断七根肋骨，从肋间跳出，一手持火钳，一手拿铁锤，出生后立即打铁。从此基诺人便有了铁制工具，也有了敬重铁匠的“打铁节”。
各民族人民经过春季与夏季的辛勤劳动，进入秋收季节。为了欢庆丰收，很多民族都有吃新米，庆丰收的种种节日。这是艰苦劳动得到大自然报偿的欢乐喜庆的日子。
西藏藏族的望果节就是一个著名的祈祷丰收的节日。藏语“望”为“田地”、“果”是“转圈”之意，望果节也就是一个转地头的节日。它没有固定日期，在秋季谷物成熟和“鸟王”(大雁)南飞之前选吉日进行，节期三五天不等。江孜、日喀则约在农历七月中旬，拉萨于八月初一开始。早在1500年以前，雅鲁藏布江中、下游穷洁、乃东一带的藏族还信仰原始宗教。他们把风雨雷电解释为天神降灾作祸。因此，在秋季庄稼快成熟时，成群结队在地头转悠，祈求天神佑护。据说这是本教教主应藏王布德贡贤之请，教农民绕田地转圈，以求丰收。他们以村落为单位，前面由香炉和幡杆引路，接着是教主手举绕有哈达的木棒“达达”和右羊腿领队，以示“收地气，求丰收”之意；后面跟着手持青稞麦穗的乡民。乡民绕完田头，将麦穗置谷包上或神前，以示粮食满仓。然后举行角力、斗剑等活动。8世纪后，宁玛教派当权，“望果”活动又增加了宁玛教派的念咒。14世纪黄教创始人宗喀巴到西藏后，佛教成为西藏主要教派，格鲁派占统治地位，“望果”节活动又带上了佛教色彩。乡民转地头时，要高举佛像，背诵经文。现在每逢节日，藏民仍身着盛装，高擎彩旗，抬着用青稞麦穗扎成的丰收塔，敲锣打鼓，边唱边转地头。然后涌向林卡(树林地或公园)饮酒、歌舞、赛马、射箭，以预祝丰收。
错那县的门巴族，在藏历七八月间要过和藏族望果节一样的雀可节。节日期间，每村都要请一二个红教喇嘛念经，各家出一个劳力，到所请的喇嘛家中劳动，以示酬谢。全村村民跟着喇嘛绕庄稼地一周，祈求免除风、雪、水、旱、虫灾，迎接丰收的到来。
居住在西藏自治区东南部的珞巴族群众，十分重视农业的收获工作，开镰收割开始，男子都要清早下地，一天三餐都不能与妇女同一个火塘吃饭。因此艰苦的收割告一段落，就要选一天过“昂德林节”，为丰收节之意。节日前，男子们要上山打猎，妇女们则以新收的谷物煮熟后，敬献给老人们尝鲜，剩下的则用以喂狗。节日期间，全村老少共同欢宴，喝酒对歌直至次日天明。歌词内容包括讲解男子开辟田地、妇女发现种子、收获粮食的农业起源故事和酿制美酒等等内容。除了欢乐庆丰收以外，还要祭祀祖先神灵，感谢他们的护佑。
云南省勐海县的哈尼族，从谷子成熟到收割完毕，要举行多次“欧玛楼”(意为“祭谷王”)仪式。以繁缛的节日活动，庄重地迎接农业大丰收的到来。在稻谷基本成熟时，哈尼人要选择吉日，摘回三穗谷子悬在家中祭台上，由家长口诵赞词，感谢祖先、谷王护佑之恩。如果发现有一株双穗的稻谷，就认为是谷王。要在谷王前杀鸡一只，当场煮熟后，用手举过头顶三次，以示祭祀。然后割下谷王，放在家中祭台之上。收割后，如遇谷堆倒塌，认为谷王遇到惊吓，要在谷堆前敲死一只小鸡，并将鸡毛撒于谷堆周围，将新米饭放在谷堆上，以求谷王安居。收割完毕，要用青叶包三包祭品，到留下未割的谷魂塘前，将一份祭品放在谷杆下部，一份扎于上部，并将鸡蛋放在谷杆下面。将全部谷杆捆在一起后，一刀割下装入背包，取回鸡蛋悬挂于谷仓梁上。仪式进行时必须保持肃静，有叫谷魂还仓之意。稻谷正式入仓前，家长要先在仓内放好祭品，用谷箩装一些新谷，上盖衣服，要背着进出三次。每背进谷仓一次，要抓一把新谷撒在仓内。经上述仪式后，收获的稻谷才能入仓和取食。
在贵州苗族山区，要在农历十月底或十一月初的卯日过“诺格利”(即庆丰收的节日)节。届时，要求在一天内收完稻谷，然后捆一把重达四五十斤的大禾把，称为“母禾”，挂在家中禾廊的第三或第五根横梁上。并且以酸鱼、腌麻雀、腌老鼠作佳肴，还杀鸡鸭等来欢度节日。
独龙族在每年秋收时，要选一天作为庆丰收的节日，全村举行隆重的剽牛活动。当一位父母双全的男青年，用锋利的竹茅剽入牛的心脏时，围观的人便挥舞弓刀，敲响铓锣，跳起欢乐的牛锅庄舞，并分割牛肉。煮熟后喝酒聚餐，以此祝贺农业丰收。
我国南方的不少民族都有在丰收节日喂狗的习俗，传说这是由于狗给人们带来了农作物的种子。它同一些民族在春播前后为牛过节一样，反映了牛、狗等家畜在人类生产、生活中的重要性。据云南省哈尼族传说，他们的祖先原来不会种田，只能以野果充饥。天神的女儿俄玛见状恳求天神摩咪送些谷种给哈尼人播种。但摩咪不同意，因此俄玛只能偷一袋种子下界，教会哈尼人耕种。摩咪给予惩罚，将俄玛关禁起来。俄玛逃出天牢，偷了天上77种谷物来到人间，丰富了人间农作物种类。摩咪大怒，将俄玛变作母狗，贬在人间。因此，每到农历八月属龙日，哈尼族要过“车实扎”，即新米节。届时，妇女们先要到田里拔回一兜稻谷，种在自家水井或菜地边，以象征地神。天亮后，再将新谷背回家中，舂出米粒，一部分煮成新米饭，另一部分炒成米花。傍晚吃新米饭前，要先祭祖先，并用米花喂狗，然后才开始吃饭，以示对俄玛将谷物带给人间的怀念和敬意。节日前后，还要请亲友前来聚餐，共庆丰收。
居住在怒江两岸的傈僳族传说，古代垦种十分容易，播下一种谷物，能长出三种不同的粮食。黄谷堆积，生活富足。天王见后，产生坏心，将全部粮食一粒不剩地收回天上，连种子也没给留下。这时通人性的狗，连跑带追，从天上带回三粒种子。三粒种子发芽、生长，人间才获得救命的粮食。因此每逢农历十月下旬，傈僳族要过“杂息杂”，即“新米节”，欢庆丰收，表示对狗的尊敬。到了这一天，要用背篓收新稻谷背回家中，舂成新米，煮成香喷喷的米饭，人们先让狗品尝后，才享受新米饭。认为只有这样才会人畜平安，五谷丰登。
云南省的景颇族，则在农历八、九月之间谷物收割前，选吉日祭鬼吃新，称“新米节”。各家主人背回一捆糯稻，放在家里的“鬼门”内，此日不能宰杀家禽，所以青年相约下河摸鱼捞虾，制备佳肴。全寨人集合头领家中，由巫师祭祀。祭祀完毕后每人得一小包新米饭，拿回家过尝新节。传说很久以前，因谷魂上天，所以谷子长得不好。懂事的家狗日夜吠叫，为主人喊回谷魂，才使景颇人的稻谷越长越好。所以饭前要先喂狗和牛，以示对它们的感谢。
彝族的新米节，彝语叫“咱合细”，意即尝新饭。每年在开镰收割之前，他们从稻田摘回谷穗，脱粒去壳后煮成新米饭，并杀一只鸡，煮一砂锅豆腐。然后先祭天和祖宗，再盛一小盆新米饭喂狗，捏两团饭喂牛，之后全家团聚尝新。
布朗族则在农历七月的蛇日过节。他们也是先掐回新谷，经过叫“谷魂”、祭祖，再用新米饭喂狗和牛，然后全家团聚尝新。有些地区的瑶族，在农历八月新谷还家时，也要过吃新节，以新米蒸熟后祭谷娘，并要供狗饱餐一顿。但是他们这样做并不是由于狗给人们带来了种子，而是为了纪念祖先龙犬盘护与公主成婚，繁衍了后代。
在迎丰收、吃新米的时候，除了祭狗和牛以外，也还有祭传说中的谷魂和其他人物的。
云南省梁河、龙川县的阿昌族，传说过去有一个善于农耕的老姑太，乡亲们在她的指点下，也都获得了好收成。她的儿子十分孝顺，但儿媳却经常虐待老人。有一天老姑太昏死在田边的茅棚里。被儿子的哭声惊醒后，老姑太嘱咐儿子说，她死后，每年八月十五日，用她的拐棍捆上一棵新玉米，靠在厅屋，就可以保佑子孙有吃有穿，说完就去世了。从此，阿昌族人民每逢农历八月十五日都要举行以祭祷老姑太为主要内容的尝新节。这一天，他们先打扫房屋，到地里拔一兜结得又多又大的芋头，砍一根结有双穗的玉米，一起捆在一米多长的竹棍上，然后将它靠在厅屋的左角或右角。并煮上新米饭，杀一只鸡代替老姑太生前爱吃的鹧鸪肉。还供上果子、梨子等干鲜果品，全家人站在一起由家长念诵祭词，求得老姑太的护佑。
纳西族秋收后欢度的“请哦美”节，即祭谷魂(五谷神、丰收神)的节日，也有着动人的传说。据说古代这里种下庄稼后不必再行管理，庄稼成熟后会自己跑回家来。但有一年，成熟的谷子回家，到姆美咪家叫门时，因姆美咪正在试穿新衣，就随口答道：仓还满着，没有地方盛装。谷子听说后，就不再来了。后来人们去田头看望，再也不见谷子，造成了很大的恐慌。姆美咪虽然未受乡亲责罚，但见到自己闯祸，造成大家饥饿，于是下决心找回谷种。姆美咪历尽千辛万苦，终于感动谷神，让她带着谷种，喊着谷魂回家。到家后，姆美咪因劳累而死，在临死前，她交代了学来的耕种方法，并告诉大家迎谷神、喊谷魂的重要性。从此以后，中甸三坝的纳西族在收完粮食开始打场前，总要点香上供，一边取谷捆，一边唱“哦美来”(即喊哦美)调子，把哦美(姆美咪)请来。打完场后，将谷粒堆成长龙，头朝里，尾朝外，上供品，点香敬“哦美”。晚间，打场的分食供品。这样做，“哦美”高兴，就能连年丰收。
丽江县的纳西族则把这种节日称作“哦美撒”(祭哦美)。扬场以后，他们在堂屋前摆上香案，请老人将特大的谷穗和主要劳动工具供好，述说它们的功劳。然后持青竹杖，唱赞美“哦美”的玛达调，边舞边唱，将谷粒划成一条龙，再到谷仓前赞颂仓神，最后将竹杖搭在门头，以示驱邪。入仓时，从龙头开始，依次收入，象征粮食如长龙一样流入谷仓，把庆丰收的节日活动主要用来作为迎、敬、赞“哦美”的内容。
湖南省城步苗族自治县在秋收以后，也要过一个庆贺五谷丰收的“罢谷节”。值得注意的是，在不同姓氏中使用不同的过节日期，如杨姓苗族在九月霜降以前的未日过节，而银姓苗族则在卯日过节。节日日期与血缘家族有着一定的关系。届时，要杀猪、打粑粑、做糯米酒、祭祀祖先，以示感谢丰收。各家各户还要拿一些粑粑到全村共同的节日坪去进行供奉。在节日里人们举行多种活动，并开怀畅饮，欢庆丰收。
台湾岛上的高山族，每年秋收以后，从农历八月初一开始，要过盛大的“丰年祭”节日，接连举行数日。如遇大丰收之年，节日活动还要适当延长。节日前几天，男子上山打猎，妇女备办食品。到节日那天，每家都要用古老的钻木取火的方法取得火种，任其自燃自灭一次。然后再取火煮糯米饭、蒸糕、做菜。将供品送到社的集中祭祀点，由五名女巫主持祭祖。妇女集中跳杵乐舞，男子携猎具举行狩猎祭祀，庆祝农猎各业丰收。初三夜晚，在广场举行篝火晚会“司马拉”。全社成员围集篝火旁，享用酒宴，边喝边舞。悠扬的歌声响彻夜空。“捕得鹿来，收下稻米。摆出美酒，社众齐来赛戏会饮。黄金为谷白玉棉，家家酿得酒如泉。社中子弟舞欲颠，但愿明年胜今年。”歌声表达了丰收的喜悦和美好的期望。
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