Chapter 38 Section 1 The Revenge Story of the Hezhen "Imakan" Hero

The Hezhen nationality is the least populous ethnic group in my country. It has long lived in a triangular area of ​​Heilongjiang, the lower reaches of the Songhua River and the Wusuli River on the northeastern border of my country. nationality.Because of wearing fish skin clothing and using dogs for a long time in history, it was once called "Fish Skin Department" and "Dog Making Department".They have a form of oral literature that is mainly sung and supplemented by speaking, called "Imakan". According to different contents, there are happy tones, sad tones, narrative tones and so on.This is an entertainment activity for the masses after labor, and there are no professional entertainers. The heroic revenge story in "Imakan" has the characteristics of the prototype heroic epic, which can be classified as this type of work.Since the 1980s, more than 20 articles have been excavated, the most representative ones are "Antu Mozhigen", "Mandou Mozhigen", "Xiangsou Mozhigen", "Agdi Mozhigen" "Wait."Mozhigen" in the He language means hero.

"Antu Mozhigen" said that Antu was an orphan since he was a child, and his parents were captured by the enemy as slaves. He was trained to be smart and capable in labor.One day, he met his cousin and cousin's boat by the river, so he bid farewell to his ancestors and went out with the boat to find his parents. They came to a castle, where the old castellan had a beautiful daughter, who was trying to recruit a relative by martial arts. The condition was to catch eagles from the tree hole in the south, golden salmon from the southeast water, and hunt deer from the southwest hillside.All the other heroes never came back, only Antu achieved his goal and met some heroes along the way.He was recruited as the son-in-law of the city lord.

Unexpectedly, at the wedding banquet, when Antu toasted the guests one by one, there was a warrior named Qibuqiu who deliberately made things difficult.Anders toasted him three times, but he pretended not to catch it three times and dropped the glass on the ground.Anders felt insulted and asked to compete with the opponent.During the contest, Qibuqiu's wife turned into a condor, and said to Qibuqiu: "Why do you bother to go to the side, please hide for a while, I will show him how powerful we are. It's not easy to mess with." After finishing speaking, he swooped down violently and went straight to Antu.Antu spread his legs and thrust his feet into the soil. The soil was below his knees. He raised his foot again and lifted the soil. The soil clods splashed everywhere, and a condor flew up from behind his feet.This condor was transformed by Antu's cousin, and it was so brave that it threw Qibuqiu and his wife to death on the spot.Since then, Anders reputation has grown.

Andu did not marry the daughter of the city lord, he gave the girl to his cousin.His cousin became the heir to the castle.Anders set off on his own to continue looking for his parents and to avenge them. Anders came to a village, which was originally under the jurisdiction of Qibuqiu, but now they surrendered to Anders.Antu's cousin and a group of them captured Qibuqiu's younger sister Qibuqin and ordered her to marry Antu.Anders happily married his first wife. After getting married, Anders set off again, and met a girl named Monine in a small house on a hillside.The two fell in love at first sight.Anders proposed to her, and she became his second wife.He went on and conquered the two brothers on the way, and married their sister Husha, who was his third wife.

Anders hasn't found his parents yet, so he walks away and meets the seven brothers, who compete with them.The seven brothers claimed that they were unwilling to bully a foreigner with more victories than less.They proposed to run a race with him. They first ran to the south of the golden tree hundreds of miles away, and then returned. Whoever reaches the beach in the north of the river first will be the winner. Walk.Antu couldn't outrun the Seven Brothers, his second wife Monine immediately turned into a condor, sent him a handkerchief, and told him that he could take off after shaking the handkerchief a few times.Relying on the handkerchief, Antu arrived at the designated place first, and waited there for a long time. He was a little impatient when he didn't see the seventh brothers coming, so he put the handkerchief on an earthen platform on the bank and walked along the path.In the little house ahead there was a girl whose face was half red and half white.She entertained the guests graciously, went out to have a look, and burst into tears.It turned out that she was the younger sister of the Seven Brothers, named Manjin.Her seven elder brothers ran back and saw the golden light radiating from the earthen platform. They hurriedly kowtowed on the ground, but they buried their heads in the ground and couldn't get out.An Tu went back there, took away the handkerchief, the golden light disappeared, and the seven brothers' heads were pulled out.Since then, the seven brothers have become good friends of Anders, willing to help him, and betrothed their younger sister, Busin, to Anders, becoming Anders' fourth wife.

Andu went forward again, and after walking for three days, he saw a group of women carrying sedan chairs to meet him, as well as a lot of food.Antu didn't drink their wine or smoke their cigarettes, because he was tired from walking, he sat in their sedan chair.The women locked the sedan chair, tied it with big stones, and threw it into the river.Fortunately, the third wife Hu Sha was rescued.She turned into a condor and swooped down, grabbed the roof of the sedan chair, and hung herself from the water. When she was in trouble, the other wives of Anders also turned into condors to rescue them, but they still couldn't hang up.Suddenly a little eagle flew from a distance, which was transformed by the 13-year-old sister Anders had never met. She was born after her parents became slaves.Several eagles worked together to break the sedan chair and rescued An Tu.In this battle, the wives captured a girl named Mu Qiu, who became Antu's fifth wife.

Anders married eight wives along the way.In addition to his cousin and younger sister, they can become eagles to help.And the brothers and friends he met along the way.With everyone's help, he finally found his parents, avenged his revenge, returned to his hometown, and rebuilt his homeland. The frameworks of other heroes' revenge stories in "Yimakan" are similar. The heroes are generally orphans, whose parents were either killed by the enemy or taken away as slaves by the enemy.After the hero grows up, he is wise and brave, and goes out to take revenge.Along the way, due to the victory in the martial arts competition, several wives and brothers and friends were won.All women have the incarnation of condor.In the end, the hero returns in triumph.There are differences in names, plots, details, simplified and traditional.So no more introductions.

This type of rudimentary heroic epic is obviously not as grand as the three great epics, nor does it lack the strong artistic appeal.They reflect polygamy in the early stages of human society, and they do not go beyond typification in terms of subject matter, theme, and character image. The polygamy shown in this kind of epic is not exactly the same as feudal society and capitalist society. It has the characteristics of the beginning of the rise of patriarchy in primitive society. Women are not completely dependent on men, and even give men a lot of help.Their marriage relationship is very unstable. Some works mentioned that the hero's wife has the full right to decide whether to return to her natal family or stay in her husband's house, and the husband must respect her choice.Explain that compared with the real class society, they have more freedom.Almost any hero in the work cannot lack the help of women.All of them can be invisible and change shape, and the condor is their universal incarnation.These women are actually the artistry of female shamans (witches). Eagles were the objects of general worship by some ethnic minorities in the north.Among people who believe in shamanism, there is a myth that a female shaman is transformed by an eagle, or that a female shaman and an eagle can transform into each other.It can be seen that in their primitive thinking, the eagle is equal to the female shaman; the eagle is the protector, and when the protector appears to help the hero, the hero will naturally win every battle.

In some works of the same kind, women can be brought back to life and ride clouds into the sky, which is also full of shamanistic religious fantasies.In real life, female shamans also act as witch doctors. Such works reflect how women are forced to submit to men after losing their economic power. At the same time, how tenaciously they try to retain their authority in the religious field, hoping to share equal power with men in battle and continue to be indispensable for clans and tribes. The missing pillar, and dominate the altar. The revenge stories of "Imakan" heroes do not lie in their high artistic quality, but in that they have basically not been polished and modified by literati.Therefore, it has relatively reliable scientific value.