Chapter 20 Section 9 Physicians of the Febrile Disease School

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the incidence of exogenous febrile diseases was very high, especially the highly contagious plague.The condition of this kind of disease develops rapidly and changes frequently, and the treatment method of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" alone can no longer meet the needs.Physicians in this era gradually realized that febrile diseases required a different treatment system than typhoid fever. Liu Wansu advocated the use of cold and cool medicines, which was the forerunner in the treatment of febrile diseases. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Youxing's "mixed qi caused diseases" had new inventions in the etiology. In the Qing Dynasty, Ye Gui, Wu Tang, and Xue Xue established the febrile disease , Damp-febrile disease, Wei-Qi-Ying-Blood and the law of Sanjiao syndrome differentiation. So far, febrile disease studies have been perfected and the febrile disease school has been formed.

Wu has sex, and his words are good.A native of Gusu (now Wu County, Jiangsu Province) in the late Ming Dynasty, he lived from the 1680s to the 1760s.At that time, the Ming Dynasty was on the verge of overthrow, peasant uprisings continued to occur, wars and famines, and epidemics were rampant. "Wu County Chronicle" records that when the epidemic was prevalent at that time, "there were more than a hundred houses in a lane, and none of them was exempt; there were dozens of families in one house, and none of them survived."However, the treatment at that time did not go beyond the "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", and countless people died after receiving medical treatment.In this case, Wu Youxing realized that typhoid fever and febrile disease are two diseases.Based on his own practical experience, he wrote "Theory of Epidemic Epidemics" and proposed "disease caused by miscellaneous qi".It is believed that not only the six evil qis of wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, and fire in the world, some infectious diseases are caused by miscellaneous qi, but also that "miscellaneous qi is disease, more than the six qi", and the highly contagious "hostile qi" "(or known as disease gas) is a kind of miscellaneous gas.Miscellaneous qi is invisible, silent, and odorless, but it is a substance, "one qi is a disease by itself", and specifically puts forward the cause of infectious diseases.The book also puts forward the ways of miscellaneous qi touching people, as well as the location of evil and the law of treatment. The publication of "On Epidemic Epidemics" created conditions for the formation of an independent system for the diagnosis and treatment of febrile diseases.

In addition to febrile epidemic diseases, Wu Youxing believes that many diseases, such as boils, hair backs, carbuncles, bleeding, running fire, erysipelas, spotting, and pox, are also infections caused by mixed air, that is, they are a certain kind of disease. Hostility infection.This kind of understanding breaks through the traditional concept that "all painful and itchy sores belong to the heart (fire)", and is more than 200 years earlier than the understanding of infection etiology in western medicine. Wu Youxing believes that the hostility is moving through the mouth and nose, and then lurks in the membrane, halfway between the outside and half inside.Its transformation can be shown first and then inside, or inside first and then shown.To treat it, the evil of membrane original should be divided and resolved. For this reason, Wu Youxing created "Dayuan Yin" and other prescriptions, which have become common prescriptions.

"On Epidemic Epidemics" has a great influence on society and is a milestone in the study of febrile epidemic diseases.After that, a series of monographs on epidemics appeared one after another. "On Epidemic Epidemics" was published many times, and it was introduced to Japan during the Kangxi period. In the Qing Dynasty, from the first year of Shunzhi (AD 1644) to the eleventh year of Tongzhi (AD 1872), more than 300 "big epidemics" (acute infectious diseases) occurred across the country, and a set of reliable measures for treating febrile diseases was urgently needed , Ye Gui, who was born in the Kang and Qian periods, made outstanding contributions to this.

Ye Gui (1667-1746 A.D.), styled Tianshi and nicknamed Xiangyan, was born in Wu County, Jiangsu Province. His grandfather and father were doctors for two generations.Ye Gui studied medicine since he was a child, and was very talented. He became famous as a doctor when he was a teenager, but he still persevered and asked for advice with an open mind.Once he thought a patient was dead and asked his family to take care of the funeral.Unexpectedly, he was surprised to meet this recovered patient a year later.After questioning, it was a monk of Jinshan Temple who cured the disease, so the next day, Ye Gui left home and went to Jinshan Temple to worship the monk as his teacher.He heard that Liu in Shandong Province was good at acupuncture and moxibustion, so he tried his best to change his name and surname, asked someone to recommend him, and worshiped Liu as his teacher.Until one time he cured a disease that the teacher thought was incurable, the teacher was amazed and asked carefully, only then did he know that he was the famous Ye Tianshi.Ye Gui told him frankly how he was studying, and the teacher was so moved that he taught him all his acupuncture techniques.In this way, Ye Gui visited 17 teachers successively from the age of 12 to 18 and absorbed the experience of others extensively. This is probably one of the reasons for his success.

Ye Gui learns from the ancients but does not stick to the ancients. He has the courage to innovate in practice, and finally became a family of his own.But because he was busy with medical affairs all his life, he had nothing to write in his life.Nevertheless, in the Qing Dynasty, "the great rivers and lakes of the north and the south said that doctors often took Gui as their clan, and there were many private scholars (who learned their skills, not their own disciples) for more than a hundred years, and the most authored ones were Wu Tang, Zhang Nan, and Wang Shixiong" ("Drafts of Qing History").

The valuable experience that Ye Gui left for future generations is contained in books such as "Warm and Heat Theory" and "Clinical Guide to Medical Cases". These books are the students' records of his medical theories and medical cases. "Warm and Heat Theory" is actually a dialectical program for the treatment of febrile diseases and has become the theoretical core of the febrile disease school.He divided the development process of febrile diseases into four levels in syndrome differentiation, that is, Wei, Qi, Ying, and blood, from shallow to deep, from mild to severe, and each stage has a corresponding treatment method.This is an eye-catching innovation both in theory and in medical practice, which makes the complicated febrile diseases organized and systematized.In addition, his observation of the tongue coating and teeth, and his understanding of macule and white (疒咅) [beibei] were unprecedented, which enriched the diagnostic content of traditional Chinese medicine. The prescriptions used in "Clinical Guidelines and Medical Records" are widely circulated.

Wu Tang (AD 1758-1836), styled Jutong, was born in Huaiyin, Jiangsu.He lived in the Qianlong and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty. He originally studied Confucianism. Later, because his father and nephew fell ill one after another and died of ineffective treatment, he devoted himself to studying medicine, read a lot of books, and studied for ten years, but he did not easily treat people.Later, when the febrile epidemic was prevalent, his friends strongly recommended him for treatment, and he suffered from serious illnesses many times.Wu Tang witnessed the countless patients who died at the hands of quack doctors at that time. In addition to his emotions, he collected the diagnosis and treatment essence of famous doctors in the past dynasties, combined with his own experience and experience, and wrote "Beneficial Diseases".After the book was completed, I was still very cautious and refused to release it to the world easily. Six years later, it was published to the world after being urged by friends.

"Tiao Bian of Febrile Diseases" is a collection of the achievements of previous sages on the treatment of febrile diseases, and established the program of syndrome differentiation of the three energizers of febrile diseases.He analyzed the laws of transmission and change of febrile venereal diseases in four seasons in detail, and has detailed treatment methods, and formulated many effective prescriptions, which are still commonly used in clinic today.Sanjiao syndrome differentiation is to summarize the pathological changes of febrile disease into three levels of upper, middle and lower jiaos, from top to bottom, from shallow to deep.

Dampness-febrile disease is an important category of febrile diseases. Xue Xue, a famous doctor who was in the same age and hometown as Ye Gui, had made great achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of dampness-febrile diseases.Xue Xue, the character is raw white, and the name is Yipiao.He has studied many medical books in his life, and often commented on certain medical works and doctors, which is quite insightful.Proficient in clinical treatment, especially good at treating damp-warm diseases. He wrote "Damp-Heat Tiao Differentiation", which has made certain contributions to the development of febrile diseases.