Chapter 10 Section 2 Contributions of Medical Scientists to Health Preservation

Health preservation is an integral part of medicine and health. No matter what school or sect it is, if you want to make a difference in health preservation, you must get the approval of medical scientists, so as to cause repercussions in society.This is true objectively. Firstly, medical theory has promoted the development of health preservation. Furthermore, the summarization of various health preservation methods by physicians of the past dynasties has actually played a role in eliminating the false and preserving the true. After their comprehensive arrangement, it has reached medical theory. the height of.For example, the absorption of the Lao-Zhuang school of health preservation in the "Internal Classics" is a good example.It not only spreads the Taoist method of health preservation, but also discusses the whole life process of human beings' birth, growth, growth, old age and self, and puts forward the view of "days", which is the limit of human life, also called Tianshou or Tianshou. number of days.Therefore, the health preservation theory reflected in the "Internal Classics" not only has detailed health preservation methods, but also has corresponding medical theories, and of course it will also produce reasonable health preservation effects.

The well-known Hua Tuo was a famous physician in the Han and Wei dynasties. According to historical records, he "knows the art of keeping in good health, and even at the age of a hundred, he still has a strong appearance, and people at that time thought him a fairy."He believed that the human body should work, but not overwork.Physical exercise can help digest food, circulate blood vessels, and prevent diseases. It is like the axis of a door, which is not easy to rot if it is rotated frequently.The Daoyin technique of ancient Taoism is to achieve the purpose of "difficult aging" through joint movement.He taught his student Wu Pu the "Five Animals Show", which is a fitness exercise created by imitating the postures of five animals: tiger, bear, ape, bird and deer.Wu Pu persevered, and his eyes and ears were still sharp and his teeth were strong in his 90s.He also taught his student Fan A a health-care prescription - "lacquer leaf green sticky powder" composed of lacquer leaves and sealwort, which has the effect of "removing three insects, benefiting five internal organs, lightening the body, and making the head not white".Fan A insisted on taking it and lived for more than 100 years ("Three Kingdoms Wei Shu").

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tao Hongjing, a scholar and medical scientist in the Liang Dynasty, was erudite and versatile, and he was familiar with Buddhism and Taoism. Volume two, this is the earliest extant monograph on health preservation.This book preserves a lot of precious health preservation materials from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Guide and other six contents.In particular, the Taoist method of convincing Qi and guiding is recorded in more detail, such as the six-character formula for exhaling: blowing, shouting, beeping [xi opera], heh, booing, and heeping; and the morning exercise method in the lost "Daoyin Sutra": Wolf squatting, owl (chi eating) Gu, heel stomping, crossing hands, stretching feet, ironing eyes, scratching eyes, rubbing face, dry bathing, etc., all rely on "Preserving Health and Prolonging Life" to be handed down to later generations.The book also preserves the "Five Animal Plays" created by Hua Tuo, which had a great influence on the later health care campaigns: tiger performers, standing on the ground with all four limbs, the front three legs, but two legs, long waist, side feet, back to the sky, that is, rear , before going, but each has seven passes.The deer performer stands on the ground with all four limbs, looks back at the front, three on the left and two on the right, stretches the left and right feet, stretches and stretches three and two.The bear performer, leaning upright, puts both hands on the knees, raises the head, the left corner (pi horse) is on the ground seven times, and the right is seven times, squatting on the ground, supporting the ground with the left and right hands.Ape performers hang themselves by climbing objects, stretch their bodies up and down seven times, hook their feet on objects to hang themselves seven times left and right, hook their hands and feet to stand, and press their heads seven times each.Bird performers, stand up, raise one foot, stretch both arms and fan vigorously, two sevens each, sit, stretch feet, hold arms and toes seven times each, retract and stretch two arms seven times each.In addition, Tao Hongjing also compiled and drawn a volume of "Guoyin Yangshengtu", which has been lost unfortunately.

Sun Simiao, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, was a well-known longevity scholar in history, and was honored as "Sun Zhenren".According to historical records, he experienced the Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang dynasties. In his later years, Wei Zheng and others compiled the history of the Qi, Liang, Chen, Zhou, and Sui dynasties and often consulted him.He described the events of the previous few dynasties in detail, which shows that he has indeed gained something in terms of health preservation.The "Thousand Gold Prescriptions" written by Sun Simiao has made important contributions not only in medicine, but also in health preservation.He wrote his experience of health preservation in the volumes of "Nurturing Nature", "Diet Therapy" and "Retirement", and discussed "Care for the Elderly Care" and "Diet Therapy for the Elderly", creating the system of geriatric medicine in our country.This is more than 600 years before Roger Bacon's "The Curing of the Old and the Protection of the Young" in the 13th century. "Thousands of Gold Prescriptions" retains the health-preserving theories of medicine, Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. He believes that "those who are good at cultivating their nature can cure diseases that are not diseased, which is their meaning" ("Thousand Gold Prescriptions Preface to Cultivating Nature"), clearly It strongly emphasizes the purpose of health preservation, which is the "prevention of diseases" emphasized by traditional Chinese medicine.He also believes that "to cultivate one's character, one must be cautious about one's self, and be careful with fear as the foundation", "Those who worry about themselves do not restrict themselves to others; Yu Yuan" ("New Book of Tang Biography of Sun Simiao").The "caution" and "fear" he emphasized are actually to make people pay attention to moral cultivation.He also said: "Those who cultivate one's character are not only bait and medicine, but they are also present in a hundred lines. If a hundred lines are well prepared, even if the bait is eliminated, it is enough to prolong the life; if the virtue is not subdued, even if you take the jade liquid golden pill, you will not be able to prolong your life." ("Thousands of Gold Prescriptions Preface to Cultivating Nature"), these are obviously the embodiment of Confucianism in the way of health preservation. "Thousand Gold Prescriptions" also collected the fitness exercises of Taoism and Buddhism, such as "Lao Tzu's massage method" 49 positions; After one month, all diseases will be cured, walking as fast as a galloping horse, nourishing and prolonging life, being able to eat, eyesight, lightness, and no longer tired."In addition, the records about "diet therapy", "food support" and "sexual hygiene" are all very precious health preservation literature.

Song and Yuan dynasties paid more attention to health preservation for the elderly.The "Book of Retirement for Parents" written by Chen Zhi in the Song Dynasty, and the "New Book of Shouqin and Pension for the Elderly" written by Zou Xuan of the Yuan Dynasty are the representatives. These are the earliest monographs on geriatrics in my country.The book discusses in detail the prescriptions for the elderly's diet, the method of medicine, and the way of nourishment. It also includes "Jian Miao's emergency prescriptions for the elderly" to prepare for the emergencies of the elderly.It also puts forward the way of mental health care, pointing out that we should pay attention to various hobbies of the elderly, such as books, paintings, piano, chess, flowers, birds, etc., and to avoid fatigue and loneliness of the elderly.The book also designs the methods of nourishment in spring, summer, autumn and winter, which are in line with the climate characteristics of the four seasons and the physiological characteristics of the elderly.

During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, medical schools contended, which promoted the development of clinical medicine.Medical scientists at that time also attached great importance to health preservation. For example, Li Gao, the founder of the Butu School, paid attention to the conditioning of the spleen and stomach; People's diet should be light. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were two monographs on health preservation with great influence. One was "Taiding Health Preservation Master Theory" written by Wang Gui. Say.The book expounds the methods of physiological nourishment in various stages of life from marriage and childbearing, infants, and adults to old age. He believes that: if you don't flow into things, it is called "care";And quoted "Baopuzi" listed "overwhelming" all kinds: "Incapable of talent and strong thinking, powerless and forceful, deep sorrow and hatred, sorrowful and haggard, excessive joy, exhausting what one wants, worrying about suffering, talking and laughing Not being temperate, sleeping and losing time, pulling the bow and pulling the crossbow, intoxicated and vomiting, lying down after eating, jumping away and panting, cheering and crying, all of them are injuries. The ancients gave up on it and kept it.” The book not only discusses nourishment, It also talks about the treatment of diseases and records some proven prescriptions.Another monograph on health preservation is Li Pengfei's "Sanyuan Counselor Longevity Book", which is also a health preservation book with a strong Taoist flavor.The book believes: "The life span of a person is sixty in Tian Yuan, sixty in Earth Yuan, sixty in Ren Yuan, and a total of one hundred and eighty years old. If you don't know how to be cautious, you will lose your life. If your essence is not strong, your lifespan in Tian Yuan will be reduced. If you plan too much, the lifespan of the earth element will be shortened; if your diet is not temperate, the lifespan of the human element will be shortened." This is the meaning of the title of the book and its outline.This book is the culmination of ancient health preservation theories and methods.

"Yinshan Zhengyao" written by Hu Sihui, an imperial physician in the Yuan Dynasty, is an ancient monograph on nutrition that has been completely preserved to this day.The book consists of three volumes, with rich pictures and texts, and 203 kinds of commonly used foods are recorded in the book, and the food matching is very particular.There are various soups, soups, pastes, ointments, fried, oil, tea, as well as the production and function of sesame seed cakes, steamed buns, steamed buns, porridge, noodles and so on."Various Soups" and "Diet Therapy for Various Diseases" in the second volume are more practical and easy to implement.There are also special topics such as "health-preserving taboos", "pregnancy taboos", "drinking taboos", "nursing taboos", and "four seasons".The book has high academic value in diet and health preservation.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were about 120 or 30 treatises on health preservation and longevity, which made the health preservation of traditional Chinese medicine more perfect from practice to theory.In particular, the emergence of the warming and tonic school in the Ming Dynasty has more guiding significance for the health preservation of the elderly.Its representative doctor Zhang Jingyue advocated that regardless of health preservation or disease treatment, we should pay attention to the fire of life, that is, kidney yang.He said in "Da Bao Lun" that the yang energy of the human body is like the sun in nature. If there is no sun between heaven and earth, it will become a big ice pot, and no living things will exist; die.Therefore, Yang Qi should be taken care of at all times.And pointed out: "When a person is around middle age, he should make a lot of repairs, then he will revive his foundation, and it will still be half strong." This is of great practical significance to the health care of middle-aged and elderly people.Li Zhongzi, another representative of the Wenbu school, also made great contributions to health preservation. His views are scattered in "Yisheng Weilun" and "Shou Shiqing Bian". , liver, spleen, lung, kidney five internal organs.In addition, Gong Tingxian compiled a large number of secret recipes for prolonging life in "Shou Shi Bao Yuan", and wrote "On Aging", which made a special study on the causes of human aging.Gong Tingxian, courtesy name Zicai, nickname Yunlin, was born in Jinxi, Jiangxi.He first practiced Confucianism, and then studied medicine with his father Gong Xin (who worked in the Imperial Hospital). He wrote many books and was once an official of the Imperial Hospital.The health-preserving method he described is very life-like, as in "Nurture", it is said: reduce taste, reflect on thoughts, control appetite, abstain from happiness and anger, cherish vitality, simplify words, lighten gains and losses, eliminate worries and frustrations, eliminate delusions, stay away from likes and dislikes, Tune in and listen.Its "Proverbs for Prolonging the Nian" summarizes 11 items of prolonging the year: take pictures at four o'clock, and protect them in the morning and evening; don't be unprofitable, but be careful of damage; Joy, don’t let it be too much; warm and cold, don’t be extravagant; regular movements, and restraint in speech; calm breathing, peace of mind in the boudoir; poetry and books, joy in the mountains and forests; ease of mind and body, idleness in the four elements; relief from suffering Eh, help the poor and help the crisis.Wanquan's "Four Essentials of Health Preservation" discusses the way of health preservation from four aspects: "fewer desires", "careful movement", "following the time" and "reducing illness".Wanquan, Zishi, named Mizhai, was born in Luotian County (now in Hubei). He was a famous paediatrician in the Ming Dynasty.He emphasized: Those who are good at keeping in good health should be aware of the five mistakes: if you don’t know how to protect yourself, you will lose the first; if you don’t treat the disease early, you will lose the second; Five losses also.It can be seen that he attaches great importance to the importance of "recovering diseases" in terms of health preservation.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were also many monographs on health preservation that focused on health care exercises, such as Leng Qian's "Cultivating Age Essentials" and Zhou Lujing's "Red Phoenix Marrow". Zeng Cishan, a hermit in the Qing Dynasty, wrote "Lao Lao Heng Yan", also known as "Health Preservation Essays", which is also a very influential monograph on health care for the elderly.He summed up a whole set of health preservation methods from daily life, basic necessities of life, housing and transportation.According to the physiological characteristics of the elderly, "Porridge Spectrum" was compiled, which is not only used for health care, but also used for curing diseases. It is divided into upper, middle and lower grades.The "Shibuzhai Medical Book" compiled by Lu Mao (mao mao) in the Qing Dynasty contains a monograph on "Therapeutic Methods for the Elderly", and the prescription "Yan Shou Dan" is recorded in it.Cheng Guopeng's "Medical Mind Enlightenment" puts forward four essentials for health preservation: one is to eat a healthy diet, the other is to be careful about wind and cold, the third is to cherish the spirit, and the fourth is to avoid anger.Simple and easy to implement, it just reflects the ideological principles of traditional Chinese medicine to prevent diseases.The last monograph on health preservation in the late Qing Dynasty was probably "Chinese and Foreign Hygiene Essentials" edited by Zheng Guanying. In addition to describing ancient Chinese health preservation methods and health care exercises, it also recorded foreign health preservation materials "Taixi Hygiene Essentials".The book extensively collects the health-preserving propositions of literature, history, Buddhism, and Taoism, as well as "elimination of illness and prolonging life", "illustrations of changing tendons", "pictures of sitting skills in Ba Duan Jin", "real people chanting stings (zhe zhe)". "Dragon Method", "Six-Character Longevity Jue" and other health-care exercises materials are a compilation of health-preserving books.

Health preservation is a part of medicine. Although many schools and sects attach importance to health preservation and have accumulated a lot of valuable experience, the way of health preservation can be accepted by the public, which is inseparable from the collation and dissemination of doctors in the past.