Chapter 10 Section 2 Famous Words

This novel can be found in Volume 10 of "Jingben Popular Novels".Feng Menglong collected it and changed the title to "Cui Daizhao's Enemy in Life and Death".The outline of the novel is as follows: In the county prince's mansion, Cui Ning, a jade grinder, and Qu Xiuxiu, an embroiderer, fall in love with each other.Cui Ning is good at craftsmanship, and the Jade Guanyin he produced once won the favor of the emperor.Xiuxiu is good at needlework, and the flowers she embroiders "teach butterflies and bees crazy".Once, "the imperial court bestowed a embroidered war robe with a collar. At that time, Xiuxiu embroidered one according to the same pattern."In spring, the mansion caught fire, and there was chaos inside and outside.Instigated by Xiuxiu, Cui Ning married her that night.The two fled to Tanzhou, 2,000 miles away, and opened a shop to spend their days. They thought that no one knew about it, and they got rid of the confinement of the county king ever since.Unexpectedly, a year later, Guo Li, a platoon soldier in the mansion, accidentally bumped into him.Cui Ning and Xiuxiu entertained Guo Paijun and asked him to keep the secret, "Don't tell the county king when you go to the mansion."Guo Li agreed face to face, turned around and informed the county king.Cui Ning and Xiuxiu were arrested and brought to justice.The king of the county was furious, "with the knife in his hand, he opened his eyes to kill people, and gritted his teeth so loudly."He ordered Xiuxiu to be sent to the back garden, and Cui Ning to be sent to Lin'an Mansion for treatment.Cui Ning explained the whole story of his escape in class, and put the blame on Xiuxiu, who was leniently given, and was escorted by the police to live in Jiankang Mansion.Xiuxiu followed her.She said she was kicked out after being beaten with 30 bamboo grates in the back garden.Cui Ning believed it was true, so he went with her.The two opened a jade grinding shop in Jiankang.Xiuxiu brought her parents to live with her.Unexpectedly, the good times didn't last long, Guo Li came to Jiankang, asked Cui Ning to repair Yuguanyin, and found Xiuxiu again.After Guo Li returned to the mansion, he once again informed the county king.When the county king heard this, he was very surprised: Xiuxiu had already been beaten to death in the back garden. Where did Jiankang's Xiuxiu come from?The king of the county ordered Guo Lile to issue a military order to arrest Xiuxiu.Xiuxiu calmly got into the sedan chair and followed Guo Li back home.Unexpectedly, when the sedan chair arrived at the gate of the mansion, Xiuxiu had disappeared, and the sedan chair was empty.Guo Li was dumbfounded and was hit with 50 army sticks.Only then did Cui Ning realize that Xiuxiu was a ghost, and when he returned home, he asked the two old people, who knew that the two old people also threw themselves into the river.It turns out that Xiuxiu's parents are also ghosts.They threw themselves into the river when they heard the news of Xiuxiu's death.When Cui Ning walked into the room, he was very surprised to see Xiuxiu sitting on the bed.Xiuxiu grabbed Cui Ning, and the four of them went to be ghosts together.

Xiuxiu is the protagonist of this novel, and Cui Ning is in the foil.The author describes this protagonist with full of sympathy.Xiuxiu is not a common lady or beauty in ancient romance novels.She is the daughter of a framer, smart, beautiful, capable, pungent, without a bit of coyness or affectation, everything is as simple and unpretentious as life itself.Xiuxiu's struggle for love is always combined with the struggle for personal freedom.The love of two craftsmen, the union of two slaves, mutual understanding and mutual admiration, are both oppressed and discriminated against.Xiuxiu's body is shining with rebellious colors.She despises feudal law and discipline and is full of rebellious spirit.In order to get rid of the feudal shackles of the person and to fight for independent love, she would rather die than give in to fight.At the critical moment of choosing her destiny, she is so proactive, bold and enthusiastic.She attacked Cui Ning straight-forward: "You remember watching the moon on the platform, you promised me, and you thanked me. Do you remember?" "Everyone cheered for you that day, 'What a couple!' How did you forget?" In contrast, Cui Ning, who is a man, is so cowardly.He was in love with Xiuxiu in his heart, but he didn't dare to express it boldly, let alone the courage to act.Xiuxiu's bold attack made him at a loss and panicked.Xiuxiu simply "wronged" him: "You know you don't dare! I called the general to get up and taught you badly, but how did you bring me home? I will go to the mansion tomorrow to talk about it." After Xiuxiu died, her The ghost still wants to marry Cui Ning and bring his parents to live with him.It can be seen how much she loves life and how devoted she is to her husband and wife.Xiuxiu's rebellious spirit adds to the allure of this image.When Cui Ning agreed to marry her and suggested that she escape overnight during the chaos of the fire, Xiuxiu agreed without hesitation: "Since I am married to you, it is up to you." There is no shyness or uneasiness here. , without the slightest coquettishness.Xiuxiu saw Guo Li for the second time, and knew that this servant must tell the truth after returning, so she simply scolded him: "I kindly let you drink with the former, but you came back and said that you have ruined our good deeds with the county king." ", and warned him: "I am in front of the imperial court today, but I am not afraid of you to say it." Xiuxiu's ghost followed Guo Li in a sedan chair and returned to the house, and punished the slave by the hand of the county king.

Freedom of person and freedom of love, this is the minimum right of a person.However, for these two most basic rights in life, the framer's daughter and the female slave of the county palace paid the most expensive price.Xiuxiu's tragic fate constitutes a strong indictment against the ruler. The structure of this novel is very strict.The death of Xiuxiu and the death of Xiuxiu's parents are not told until the end of the story.When Guo Li saw Xiuxiu for the second time, he even said "it's a mischief" and turned around to leave.At this time, readers have doubts about whether Xiuxiu is a ghost, but they are still not sure.Guo Li went back to inform the reader, and the reader learned from the mouth of the county king that Xiuxiu had been beaten to death in the back garden that year.But what happened to Jiankang's Xiuxiu?This suspense continues to attract readers to look down.It wasn't until Xiuxiu disappeared in the sedan chair that the readers suddenly realized.From this ending, readers go back to appreciate the previous plots, especially the plot after Xiuxiu turned into a ghost, and they will feel the tragic nature of the whole story more deeply: Xiuxiu has died tragically, but the county king still can’t. Let her go; Xiuxiu has turned into a ghost, but she still has to stubbornly pursue her right to live as a person.The story is written to Xiuxiu's death, and it seems that it can also end.However, if there is no second half, the tragic meaning of the story and the performance of the characters will be greatly reduced.

The whole novel takes Guo Paijun and Yu Guanyin as clues for the development of the story.The king of the county asked Cui Ning to be the Jade Guanyin, leading to the encounter between Cui Ning and Xiuxiu.Guo Li sent money to Liu Liangfu to Tanzhou, and only then did he discover Cui Ning and Xiuxiu who had fled privately, which resulted in the destruction of their families.Later, Guo Li asked Cui Ning to repair Jade Guanyin, which caused Xiuxiu's second exposure.The characters Guo Li and Yu Guanyin always appear at critical moments, pushing the plot to a tragic climax.Behind Guo Li is the county king who takes life and death to seize power, and behind Jade Guanyin is the ruler's extravagance.This person and everything reminds people of the slave status of Cui Ning and Xiuxiu, and the root of the tragedy.

This novel appeared in Volume 15 of "Jingben Popular Novels". Feng Menglong included it and renamed it "Fifteen Guan Jokes Turn into Misfortunes".Zhu Suchen of the Qing Dynasty adapted it into the legendary "Fifteen Guans". The novel is about an unjust and wrong case.The facts of the case are roughly as follows: Liu Gui was poor and useless, his father-in-law took pity on him and gave him 15 pennies to start a small shop as capital to make ends meet.Liu Gui returned the money and went home.His concubine, Second Sister Chen, opened the door a little late, and Liu Gui was a little upset, so he jokingly threatened her, saying that he had already sold her, and the 15 guan was her worth.Second Sister Chen believed it was true, and wanted to take advantage of Liu Gui's deep sleep and go back to her natal home overnight to discuss it with her parents.She first went to her neighbor Zhu Sanma's house to spend the night and told the whole story.In the morning, she hurried on the road to her mother's house.On the way, I met Cui Ning, a young silk seller.This Cui Ning had exactly 15 pennies on him.The two walked together.Unexpectedly, after Second Sister Chen left home, a thief sneaked into Liu Gui's house and found the 15 pennies.Liu Gui woke up, and the thief was afraid that he would make a noise, so he chopped him to death with an axe.Take away the 15 pennies without any hassle.The neighbors got up the next day and found that Liu Gui had been murdered. Liu Gui's wife hadn't returned from her natal home two days ago, and the whereabouts of the second sister Chen was unknown.Zhu Sanma told how the second sister Chen stayed overnight.As a result, Second Sister Chen and Cui Ning were chased back halfway.Men and women walk together, and the number of 15 guan is exactly the same.Everyone insisted that Chen and Cui had committed adultery, sought wealth, and killed people.The two were sent to the government office.Fu Yin didn't ask the reason, but used torture to extract a confession.Chen and Cui were beaten into tricks and pleaded guilty by false accusations.The case was reported step by step, the imperial decree came down, and the death penalty was imposed.Chen and Cui Han died unjustly.The thief later turned into a robber, and was finally exposed. The previous crimes were concurrent, and the truth about Liu Gui's case came to light.The case of Chen and Cui was brought to light.Liu Gui's wife was disillusioned and voluntarily became a monk.

The content and theme of this novel are very meaningful. Through an unjust and wrong case, it describes the incompetence of officials at that time, the malpractice of the judiciary, and the reality that the people have no democratic rights.On the surface, a series of coincidences made the tragedy of Chen Erjie and Cui Ning.Liu Gui made a joke, but Second Sister Chen actually believed it; as soon as Second Sister Chen left, a thief happened to enter the door; Second Sister Chen happened to meet a young man Cui Ning when she left, and Cui Ning happened to be carrying 15 pennies.However, the low status of women in feudal society (concubines can pawn others at will), the fear of getting hurt by neighbors, the fear of "successful lawsuits", the philosophy of life of the small townspeople, the interrogation system of extorting confessions by torture, and the practice of interrogating officials. Subjective and arbitrary, disregarding human life, a man and a woman walking together will be suspected, but all this is not accidental.Because there is such a rich inevitability hidden in a series of coincidences, these coincidences do not dilute the social significance contained in the novel.

The author pays great attention to the tailoring of the material.For example, the novel describes in detail the psychological activities of the second sister Chen after Liu Gui made a joke: "The little lady heard it, and if she didn't believe it, she saw 15 pennies piled up in front of her face. If she wanted to wait for a letter, he didn't have a word with me for no reason. The eldest lady is living well, so how could she be so cruel and cruel! Suspicious." This account of psychological activities is very helpful for explaining the case.The suspicious point of the case mainly lies in the departure of the second sister Chen, so the author introduces the motive of the second sister Chen's departure in detail.Through Chen Erjie's dubiousness, readers also see Chen Erjie's simplicity, kindness, and her pitiful status as a concubine in the family.The judgment process of Lin'an Mansion is written in a very brief manner, and the author uses it to highlight the sloppy interrogation.

As a koan novel, the author pays special attention to the context of the plot.When Second Sister Chen left, the author did not ask her to go directly to her natal home, but instead asked her to spend the night at a neighbor's house first.This arrangement has several advantages.If Second Sister Chen was allowed to go home directly, then Second Sister Chen would have been at her mother’s house when the crime happened the next day, so she would not have met Cui Ning, and the 15 pennies would not match. .Second Sister Chen stayed at a neighbor's house, which further demonstrated the confusion of the questioning officer: "Sure enough, it was the time when the young lady and Cui Ning were seeking wealth and murder. Went to parents' house, but was caught?" Another example is Liu Gui carrying money back home, and the author asked him to be dragged away by acquaintances on the way, and had a few glasses of wine.This little interlude has multiple purposes.Because of such a delay, it was "time to light the lamps" when Liu Gui arrived home.Because he drank a few more glasses, he borrowed alcohol and started joking with Second Sister Chen.Second Sister Chen asked him where he drank, and he simply lied to Second Sister Chen, saying, "I only came here because I pawned you to someone, wrote a document, and ate his wine."Liu Gui was drunk and fell asleep, which made Second Sister Chen easily run away overnight.It can be seen that when the author conceived the plot, he considered it very carefully, and everything made it reasonable.Not only make the whole case logical, but also make the words and actions of each character conform to the environment at that time, and conform to their identities, personalities, and psychology.

"Jiantie Monk" was first seen in the "Qingping Shantang Huaben" compiled and engraved by Hong Yu during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, also known as "Cuoxiashu".Feng Menglong included it in "Ancient and Modern Novels" (ie), and renamed it "Jian Tie Monk Deceived Huangfu's Wife". This novel is a story about setting up a scheme to deceive.A monk from the Pantai Temple in Kaifeng coveted the wife of Huangfusong, a direct official of Zuobandian.He used an anonymous letter to cause Huangfusong's misunderstanding.Huangfusong was really fooled. He thought his wife was having an affair, so he sent her to the government for punishment.The government listened to Huangfusong's one-sided words, and threatened them with torture first, but failed to get a confession.Finally, according to Huangfusong's opinion, let him divorce his wife.Huangfusong's wife was desperate and committed suicide by jumping into the river, but was rescued by an old woman.Later, with the matchmaking of the old woman, she married a monk named Hong.Once, Huangfu's wife met her ex-husband at Daxiangguo Temple, and they looked at each other in silence.After returning home, Huangfu's wife missed her old relationship and couldn't help crying.Only then did the monk reveal the truth. It turned out that he was the monk who set up a trick.Huangfu's wife wanted to report, and the monk wanted to kill her.Fortunately, Huangfu Song arrived in time and turned the monk to the government office.The monk was executed.Huangfusong and his wife reunited after a broken mirror.

The author is very good at creating suspense.At the beginning of the story, there is no mention of who sent the post to the monk, but only introduced the appearance and characteristics of this person.Why did this person send the post, and what was written in the post, he did not explain.Readers quickly learned what the post was about and saw the serious consequences of a brief post.It wasn’t until Huangfusong’s wife saw the monk for the first time at the old woman’s house and wondered why the monk’s appearance resembled the person described by the monk who sent the post that the readers vaguely guessed that the person who cheated Probably it was him.The author puts Huangfusong and his wife in the light, and puts the monk who set up a trick in the dark, so as to write about the kindness and innocence of Huangfu's wife, and to highlight the scheming, sinister and vicious of the monk.

Through this story, we also see the humble status of women.Huangfu's wife was framed for no reason, and the husband didn't ask the reason, "fingered with the left hand, raised the right hand, and hit the will with a wind-leaking palm".She is not allowed to argue, and if she is sent to the yamen, she must be divorced.When Huangfu's wife was beaten by her husband, "she cried out, covered her face, and was about to go in crying."Later, her husband divorced her for no reason, and she just "cryed out of the state yamen".Huangfu's wife is so weak, she always submits and swallows her anger.What happened to her reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal society. This article appears in volume fourteen.Judging from the Bianjing neighborhood, customs and dialects described in the article, this article belongs to the Song Dynasty script.This is a tragic story of an infatuated man and woman.The author has made a prominent description of the heroine Zhou Shengxian from the beginning to the end, and the hero Fan Erlang naturally becomes Zhou Shengxian's foil.The heroine Zhou Shengxian is neither a lady nor a dancer and singer.She is a girl who grew up in the city.The acquaintance of the male and female protagonists did not fall into the cliché of love at first sight, poetry and poetry, but was realized through a dramatic scene.I saw that she reprimanded the water seller for "murdering" her, and at the same time reported her name, family background, address, and age, and specifically pointed out that "I am a girl who has never married."The speaker has a heart, and the listener has a heart. Fan Erlang also introduced himself to Zhou Shengxian in the same way, and deliberately pointed out "and I never married a wife."Although Zhou Shengxian is bold and bold, and expresses his love to the person he likes in a special way, in the feudal society, there is still a long way to go from eye-to-eye, two smacks of intention to married couple.Thus, there was another plot development of Wang Po's matchmaking.Up to this point in the story, there has always been a relaxed and optimistic comedy atmosphere.The hero and heroine seem to be getting closer and closer to their goals.However, the return of Zhou Shengxian's father, Zhou Dalang, made the development of the plot take a turn for the worse.The wealthy businessman Zhou Dalang's obsession with the poor and love of the rich, and his stubbornness ruined his daughter's happiness, and Zhou Shengxian died in a fit of anger.So far, the story seems to be coming to an end. However, the author arranges Zhu Zhen, a tomb robber, to extend the plot naturally, so as to describe the heroine's pursuit of free love at a new level.Zhu Zhen's tomb robbery makes the story more twists and turns, and also makes the heroine's pursuit of love more persistent and moving.Taking advantage of Zhu Zhen's going out and a fire in the neighborhood, Zhou Shengxian escaped from Zhu's house and found Fan Erlang in a hurry.Unexpectedly, Fan Erlang thought she was a ghost, and in panic, he accidentally beat Zhou Shengxian to death.Zhou's ghost went to the prison to meet Fan Huan again, and prayed for God's help, so that Fan was released without charge. Because of the obstruction of parents and the difference between rich and poor, it is difficult for lovers to get married. This is a common thing in feudal society.However, the unique plot designed by the author for the heroine to come back from the dead and come back from life to death makes the deep love of this city woman deeply expressed in the test of life and death.The natural combination of comedy and tragedy factors, the delicate grasp of the love psychology of the hero and heroine, the rich flavor of life, and the smooth description of customs are the obvious features of this article. See volume sixteen.Jianshantang's title is "Little Lady Gives Money to Young People", and Sanguitang's title is "Guan Zhang Zhicheng Gets Rid of Misfortune". Volume 13 of "Jingben Popular Novels" is included in this article, titled "Director Zhicheng Zhang".The novel is about Zhang Shilian, a businessman in Bianjing, who is over 60 years old and continues to marry the young lady sent by Wang Zhaoxuan's mansion.Seeing that Shi Lian is old, the little lady is not satisfied.She took the initiative to pursue Zhang Sheng, the supervisor of the store, but Zhang Sheng did not dare to accept, so he resigned and went home.Soon, Wang Zhaoxuan's mansion discovered that the little lady had stolen the orb, and when pursuing it, the little lady hanged herself in fear of crime.Zhang Shilian was implicated and his family property was seized.After the death of the little lady, she couldn't forget her feelings, and her ghost continued to pursue Zhang Sheng. Zhang Sheng "only treated each other as the mistress, and it was not too late to mess up."Later, when Zhang Sheng met Zhang Shilian and learned the whole story, the ghost of the little lady disappeared quietly. The fate of the little lady is clearly a double tragedy.It is already a tragedy to marry someone with a huge age difference who you don't love.Love is not what she loves, and her feelings are indifferent and rejected, which is a deeper tragedy.In this sense, the little lady is more unfortunate than the heroine Zhou Shengxian in the previous chapter.From this story, it is not difficult for people to understand the humble and humiliating status of women at that time.What is intriguing is the author's attitude towards the hero and heroine.After Zhang Shilian continued to marry the young lady, the author wrote that Zhang Shilian "had pain in his waist, tears in his eyes, deafness in his ears, and runny nose".From the author's ridicule of Zhang Shilian, we can clearly feel the author's sympathy for the little lady.However, from the author's unreserved affirmation of Zhang Sheng, we can also see the author's condemnation of the little lady.Zhang Sheng's cowardice, indifference, and firm adherence to the status of master and servant are what the author calls "Zhicheng".Although the author portrays the image of the little lady with such a contradictory attitude, and even though the person she loves is not worthy of her love like that, the fiery pursuit of the little lady and her simple persistence still leave a lasting impression on people. was deeply impressed. It can be found in "Qingping Shantang Huaben" compiled by Ming Dynasty Hong Gu.This article belongs to the Song and Yuan scripts.Its structure is very special. The whole text is mainly composed of libretto similar to the current Allegro, with a small amount of words interspersed in the middle.Li Cuilian, the protagonist, uses libretto to express her eloquence.The narration part and the speeches of all the supporting characters in the book are in prose.This system reflects the combination of rhyme, prose and rap in the early Huaben.The author chooses such a life section before and after the heroine's marriage, and puts the heroine in the center of the picture.With exaggerated pen and ink, it captures Li Cuilian's quick-talking and eloquent character traits, and describes them heartily.Li Cuilian's talkativeness aroused the worry and dissatisfaction of her parents, brother-in-law and sister-in-law. After she got married, she was unanimously criticized by her parents-in-law, bom, and sister-in-law. Finally, she was abandoned by her husband and disliked by her natal family, and finally she shaved her hair and became a nun.Li Cuilian's "extraordinary appearance, female red needles, and a hundred books and history, know everything", "just speak quickly", which caused a series of contradictions and conflicts between her and the people around her.These contradictions and conflicts contained the cold fact that women were suppressed and men and women were not equal in feudal society.Li Cuilian's talkativeness is only a superficial phenomenon. Behind the talkativeness, one can see Li Cuilian's spirit of being the master of the house and wanting to be equal to men.Feudal society's requirements for women are, first of all, to be docile and obedient. Everything is based on the will of the husband and the will of the parents.But Li Cuilian insisted on making her own opinions and expressing her opinions, which of course was not tolerated by etiquette and society. It can be found in "Qingping Shantang Huaben".The story is written during the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were two brothers in Laoer Village on the outskirts of Bianjing, the older brother Liu Tianxiang and the younger brother Liu Tianrui.During the year of drought and flood, Liu Tianrui took his wife and children to flee famine in Gaoping County, Luzhou, and went to his uncle Zhang Xuexue.Before leaving, President Li testified that the two brothers signed a contract to prove that the property of the house is owned by the brothers.Two years later, Liu Ersao died of illness, and half a year later, Liu Tianrui also died of illness. Fifteen years later, his son Liu Anzhu grew up and brought his parents' bones back to his hometown for burial.Liu Tianxiang and his wife want to monopolize the family property, deny their nephew and beat him.President Li was angry with injustice, so he took him in.The next day, report to Bao Zheng in Kaifeng Prefecture.Bao Zheng verified the text of the contract and wanted to imprison Liu Tianxiang and his wife for interrogation. After Anzhu begged hard, he was lenient and sent Liu Tianxiang and his wife home.The imperial court honored Liu Anzhu with both filial piety and righteousness, and gave Chenliu County Yin as a gift.Liu Anzhu married Li Mantang, the daughter of President Li, bid farewell to both parents, went to Gaoping County to pay homage to Zhang Xuexue, and then went to Chenliu County to become an official. This article is based on civil family property disputes, and aims to praise the protagonist's filial piety.Later, the Yuan Zaju "Baodai Zhizhi Zhizhuan Contract Text" and Ming Ling's first volume 33 "Zhang Yuanwai Yi Fu Mozhizi Baolong Tu Zhizhun Contract Text" were adapted based on this, but the plot was changed so that the aunt would write the contract text Deceived to highlight Bao Zheng's wisdom by increasing the difficulty of solving the case.At the same time, the contrast between good and evil in the story is also more stark.