Chapter 10 The third section "Romance of the West Chamber" won the first place in the world

Wang Shifu was an excellent playwright in the early stage, named Dexin, most of the people, probably the same as Guan Hanqing from money to money.It can be seen from his Sanqu "Retirement" that he was an official in his early years and then retired at home, enjoying a life span of at least 60 years.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Jia Zhongming's "Sequel to the Book of Recording Ghosts" has a poem [Ling Boxian] chasing him: The Fengyue camp is full of banners and banners, the Yinghua village is brightly lined up with swords and halberds, and the heroes of Cuihong township are brazenly fighting for wisdom.The lyrics and chapters are beautiful, and the middle class of Shilin is low.New zaju, old legend, the best in the world.

"Fengyueying", "Yinghuazhai" and "Cuihong Township" in the words all refer to the places where female zaju actors in the Yuan Dynasty lived together.It can be seen that Wang Shifu often went to and from these places, interacted with zaju performers, and wrote plays for them.His plays are gorgeous in rhetoric and elegant in style, and all scholars are impressed, and his masterpiece is even the best. The story is not complicated. It tells that after the death of Cui Lao Xiangguo in the Tang Dynasty, the old lady brought her daughter Yingying to help the spirit to go to the funeral, and the maid and matchmaker accompanied her all the way.Due to the road blockage, the spirit was suspended at Pujiu Temple in Puzhou, Hezhong Prefecture, and stayed in the small courtyard in the west wing.Zhang Sheng, a Luoyang scholar with both parents dead and books and swords, went to Beijing to rush for the exam. He came to Puzhou to meet his friend General Baima.Seeing the young Pianpian for the first time, Yingying couldn't help looking back affectionately at [moumou].Chanting poems through the partition wall, expressing each other's feelings.Doing the dojo together, they got to know each other better, and the two began to fall in love silently.At this time, the rebel general Sun Feihu surrounded Pujiu Temple with soldiers, and wanted to rob Yingying to be his wife in charge of the village.In a crisis, the old lady made a promise: Whoever can retreat to save his daughter will be recruited as a son-in-law.Zhang Sheng voted for General Baima and retreated to save the siege; but the old lady refused to marry Yingying at the banquet and insisted on betrotting Yingying to her nephew Zheng Heng, so that Zhang Sheng and Yingying's siblings could match each other.Zhang Sheng confides the pain of lovesickness to Yingying with the sound of the piano, and sends a letter through the matchmaker.Yingying pretends to make trouble, and at the same time asks the matchmaker to send a letter to Zhang Sheng, asking for a tryst in the garden at night.But when the matchmaker brought Zhang Sheng, who jumped over the wall, to Yingying, Yingying suddenly changed her mind.Zhang Sheng was so angry and annoyed that he couldn't afford to get sick.The matchmaker sympathized, Yingying felt distressed, and finally came to Zhang Sheng's study late at night to spend the happy time together.After the old lady found out, she tortured the matchmaker.The matchmaker refuted it rationally, knowing her interests, the old lady was speechless, so she had no choice but to admit the fait accompli; but she also forced Zhang Sheng to go to Beijing to rush for the exam to seek fame.At dusk in late autumn, Zhang Sheng and Yingying bid farewell to each other in the ten-mile long pavilion, tender and tender.Zhang Sheng stayed at the Caoqiao overnight, dreaming that Yingying was walking with him, and when he woke up, he saw the dawn wind and the moon, feeling very sad.In Yingying's boudoir, she can't write endless thoughts.When Zhang Sheng was in high school and was about to get married, Zheng Heng came to Pujiu Temple and lied that Zhang Sheng had married another man and threatened Yingying to marry him.The old lady turned back again, claiming to marry Yingying to Zheng Heng.Fortunately, Zhang Sheng arrived in time, and with the help of General Baima, he and Yingying became friends for a hundred years.

It is based on the legendary novel (also known as "Hui Zhen Ji") written by Yuan Zhen, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty.After the Song Dynasty, it was adapted into various art forms, and its ideological content gradually changed.Among them, the most successful and most influential is Dong Jieyuan's Zhugong Diao in the Jin Dynasty, known as "Dong Xixiang", which is the direct blueprint of Wang Shifu. In the house, Zhang Sheng "disturbed Yingying from beginning to end and abandoned him", and after gaining fame, he married another high school.Although it objectively reveals the tragic fate of women in the feudal patriarchal society, it blatantly promotes the prejudice of "women's troubles", regards Yingying as a stunner who "does not enchant herself, but must enchant others", and beautifies Zhang Sheng. Become a gentleman who can "be patient" and "make up for mistakes".The remarkable literary talent is admirable, but the obvious limitations are regrettable.

"Dong Xixiang" expands the legendary novel with only 3,000 words into a rap literature with more than 50,000 words, and completely transforms the love story of Cui and Zhang.The characters have been changed, the theme has been refined, the structure is magnificent, the plot is twists and turns, and the lyrics are exquisite.Wang Shifu's re-creation on the basis of "Dong Xixiang" not only turned the narrative style of rap literature into an endorsement style of drama, but also improved and sublimated the ideological content of the love story between Cui and Zhang, and the art form tended to be perfect. . "Dong Xixiang" has not been able to completely get rid of the secular concept of "being a beautiful woman and matching a talented man" and the secular concept of prosperity and wealth. Wang Shifu clearly stated that "there is no parting for ever, and the eternal reunion is always together. I hope that all the sentient beings in the world will become relatives." "Slogan.This is the finishing touch, expressing the wish of the majority of young people in the feudal era, with anti-feudal democratic ideas. "Dong Xixiang" has too many branches and vines, and the characters are not complete and unified. All the characters in the book are full of flesh and blood, with both form and spirit.Especially the main characters Yingying, Zhang Sheng, Hong Niang, and the old lady are typical.

Xiangguo Qianjin Yingying and her mother depend on each other for life, respect and filial piety to her mother, burn incense on moonlit nights to pray for her mother, and Sun Feihu is willing to sacrifice himself to protect her mother when she surrounds the temple.However, she usually blames her mother for being too strict, so she sends a matchmaker to guard her.After the white horse was rescued, her mother openly refused the marriage. Yingying was full of resentment and dissatisfaction, saying: "The old lady lied to the sky!" Blaming her mother for "rubbing the trembling double-headed flower stamens, and cutting the fragrant and fragrant (fu complex) concentric strands, The long-haired mother even manages Qiongzhi's setbacks. The white-headed lady is not burdened, and the young girl is a burden, and she kicks off my brocade piece as if she has a future. My mother missed him with her sweet words, and her false name earned me by mistake." Yingying enthusiastically Pursuing the freedom of love and marriage, she not only longs for it in her heart, but also puts it into action: when she meets in the Buddha Hall, she twists the flower branches and expresses her affection for Zhang Sheng; The verse poured out her thoughts to Zhang Sheng; when paying homage to her father's dead soul, she also flirted with Zhang Sheng; on a moonlit night, she carried her mother to Zhang Sheng's window to listen to the piano; A tryst, and a sudden repudiation... After a lot of hesitation and struggle, he finally overcame his reserve and weakness, broke through the shackles of feudal consciousness, and committed an ugly act that was regarded as treason by the feudal rulers - privately combined with Zhang Sheng to achieve ideal of independent marriage.The script profoundly and delicately shows the process of Yingying's ideological awakening, and successfully portrays the image of a rebel from feudal ethics.

Zhang Sheng in the school is well-educated and talented, but he is ignorant of the ways of the world. He can't see the difference in family status between himself and Yingying, and he doesn't realize that the love between him and Yingying is not proper.He is intoxicated and fascinated by Yingying's love. When he pursues love, he is passionate, direct and bold, without any hypocrisy.He entrusted the matchmaker to deliver the letter, but did not keep a secret from the matchmaker.Yingying paid the invitation for a tryst. He not only read to the matchmaker, but also explained the poetry to the matchmaker.Yingying decided to combine with Zhang Sheng and sent a "prescription", and he also told it.Zhang Sheng is full of bookishness and wit. He is not only a kind of sincerity, but also a "silver-like wax gun head".

The matchmaker is a pivotal figure in the whole play.She is cheerful, pungent, smart, witty, and eloquent.She once laughed at Zhang Sheng's shabbiness and pedantry in good faith, and exposed Yingying's incomprehension in person; however, she understood, sympathized, and supported their innocent love from the bottom of her heart.Come up with ideas, think of ways, deliver books and send invitations, run with enthusiasm, and promote good things.The old lady tortured and questioned her, but she did not panic, acted with reason, and knew her interests, forcing the old lady to approve the marriage between Yingying and Zhang Sheng.A little girl with a humble status actually won the battle, no wonder Zhang Sheng praised the matchmaker as "Optimus Prime".

The old lady is the opposite of Zhang Sheng, Yingying and Matchmaker.She "manages the family seriously and has frosty skills", and assigns the matchmaker to "stay in prison like a shadow", for fear that her youthful daughter will "lose her identity".In order to maintain the dignity and "good reputation" of the feudal orthodoxy, she treated her daughter as a caged bird, rich in food and clothing, but did not give her any freedom.In order to seek "happiness" for her daughter, she adheres to the concept of aristocratic family and does not recruit white-clothed son-in-law.First, he broke his promise to marry without faith, and then forced his daughter to "get married last night, and parted today."It cannot be said that she does not love her daughter, but it is her "love" that violates her daughter's wish and destroys her daughter's happiness.It cannot be said that she does not have any motherhood, but her stubborn, cunning, cruel, and ruthless feudal nature is more concentrated and vivid.

The story of the story is not bizarre and complicated, and it always revolves around the main line of whether a lover can become a family member, and cleverly integrates several groups of conflicts (between the old lady, Zheng Heng and Yingying, Zhang Sheng, Hongniang, Yingying, Zhang Sheng, etc.). Between Yingniang and Zhang Sheng, Sun Feihu and Cui and Zhang) bonded together to form a grand and meticulous drama structure with front and back links, and a dramatic rhythm of opening and closing [hehe] and relaxation.Using artistic techniques such as misunderstanding, coincidence, exaggeration, lyricism, jokes, humor, humor, etc., to create an emotional effect that is elegant, deep, hearty, and warm, and pungent and brisk, forming a lyrical comedy style.

Abundant in talent and flamboyant in writing, "beautiful eyes are full of jewels".Many lyrics cleverly use Tang poems and Song poems with new ideas, creating an artistic conception of blending scenes and depicting the subtle mentality of the characters.For example, at the end of the first book, Yingying sang [Unit Pian]: "But it is the man who is worth the remnant spring in the east of Pujun, and the gate is hidden in the Guanxiao Temple; the flowers fall into the water and the water is red, and there are all kinds of worries, and there is no word to complain about the east wind." Beautiful and beautiful. The subtle words convey Yingying's loneliness and melancholy.In particular, Yingying's libretto in the third fold of the fourth book "Farewell at the Changting Pavilion" is even more popular and widely recited:

[Zhenggong·Duanzheng] The blue sky, the yellow flower field, the westerly wind is tight, and the geese fly south.Who will be stained with frost and drunk in the forest?Always leave people in tears. [Rolling Hydrangea Ball] I hate seeing each other late, and I hate returning home sick.Liusi Changyucong (cong hastily) is difficult to tie, I wish I could hang up Xiehui in the sparse forest.The horse went to [Tuntun], and the car followed quickly, but told Acacia to avoid it, and left early after breaking the problem.Hearing the Tao, he went away with a sound, and loosened the golden bracelet; when he saw the ten-mile long pavilion in the distance, he lost his jade muscles: who knows if you hate this? [Playing with children] dripping red tears on the sleeves, wetter than Sima's green shirt.Shrike flew east to Yanxi, and asked about the date of return before boarding.Although there are thousands of people in my eyes, I will drink a glass of wine before my death.Get drunk before you drink your heart, your eyes bleed, and your heart turns to ashes. These lyrics really express the feelings of parting between young men and women!No wonder Lin Daiyu praised Lin Daiyu in the 23rd round as "the words are a policeman, and the lingering fragrance is full of fragrance". Known as "the best in the world", the Beiqu works have more than a hundred editions, and there are countless commentators in the past, and have been translated into English, French, German, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Latin, and Indian. , Vietnamese, Korean and other characters.As desk literature, it has a wide range of readers and has had a positive and profound impact on China and Taiwan.As a stage performance book, it has not only been active on the stage for a long time, but also has become an excellent repertoire of many local operas today.It is an immortal love poetic drama. It is listed as the world's three major classical dramas together with the ancient Greek "Oedipus the King" and the Indian Sanskrit drama "Shakundala". It shines in the history of Chinese literature and world drama. Brilliant brilliance.