Chapter 15 The fourth section "Guangling San" and "Hujia Eighteen Pai"

A Guqin player named Cai Yong (Yong Yong) (AD 133-192) in the Han Dynasty recorded a tragic story about the qin song "Nie Zheng's Assassination of the King of Han" in his music book "Qin Cao": Warring States At that time, Nie Zheng's father was ordered to cast a sword for the King of Han, but he was killed by the King of Han because he failed to cast it on time.In order to avenge the murder of his father, Nie Zheng went deep into the mountains to learn how to play the piano. Ten years later, he returned to Han after his skill was completed, and his piano skills were appreciated by the king of Han, so he was called into the palace to play for him.Nie Zheng had been prepared for a long time. When he entered the palace to play for the king of Han, he took advantage of the unpreparedness and suddenly pulled out the sharp knife hidden in the belly of the piano and stabbed the king to death. He also committed suicide immediately.There is a depiction of this storyline in the portrait bricks of the Han Dynasty in Wuliang Temple in Shandong Province. "Nie Zheng's Assassination of the King of Han" is no longer handed down, but there is another Qin melody handed down from the Han Dynasty. Its musical structure and expressive content are consistent with the above story, so many qin masters in later generations believe that it was Cai Yong's The synonym of the Guqin song "Nie Zheng's Assassination of the King of Han".

Also known as "Guangling Zhixi", it was popular in the Eastern Han Dynasty.The score of this piece is included in the earliest surviving Ming Dynasty Guqin music collection "Magic Secret Puzzle" (published in 1425) (Figure 17).The whole song is divided into "Kaizhi", "Small Preface", "Big Preface", "Zheng Sheng", "Luan Sheng" and "Post Preface". There are 45 sections in total. "Crown", "Throwing the Sword" and other subsection titles, which are consistent with the plot structure of the aforementioned story of Nie Zheng's assassination of the King of Han.Ji [ji Ji] Kang, a guqin player in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, is famous all over the world for his good playing of this piece.

Ji Kang (223-263 A.D.), courtesy name Shuye, was born in Zhi[zhizhi] County, Qiaojun (now Suxian County, Anhui Province).He used to be a doctor of Wei Zhongsan, known as "Ji Zhongsan" in the world.Ji Kang is a man of great learning and talent, and together with Ruan Ji, Shan Tao, Ruan Xian and others, is known as the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". Among the portrait bricks of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest unearthed from the Southern Dynasties ancient tomb at Xishan Bridge in Nanjing, there is a picture of Ji Kang playing the piano (Fig. 18) .Ji Kang has a high level of musical accomplishment. It is said that he composed "Chang Qing", "Shan Qing", "Long Side" and "Short Side", which are known as "Ji's Four Lanes" in history; "Soundless Sorrow and Music Theory" systematically expounded his music view as opposed to Confucian music thought.Because of his disagreement with Sima Shi, who was in power, he was later killed by Sima Shi.According to the records of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu·Ya Liang Pian" in the Southern Dynasties: "Ji Zhongsan was facing the execution of Dongshi", his "look remained unchanged", he had no fear, and he played a song to show that he was dying. The unyielding spiritual realm, so the author of the book exclaimed: "It is gone now!" However, as a masterpiece of classical qin music that is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, it has not ceased to be famous since then. , was finally published in the form of musical notation in the Ming Dynasty, and has been handed down to this day.

"Hujia Eighteen Beats" is another classical qin piece that appeared in the late Han Dynasty and has been handed down to this day.It is said that this piece of piano music was composed by Cai Yan (yan Yan) based on his own experience.The music expresses her misery of living in a foreign land in Hudi, thinking about her homeland of Han and Tu, and her painful mood of saying goodbye to her child. Cai Yan (AD 177-?), courtesy name Wenji, was born in Chenliuyu [yuyu, now Qi County, Henan].His father is Cai Yong.Cai Yan had a rigorous family education and a good music education since she was a child, and later grew up to be a female musician who was "erudite and eloquent, and better than rhythm" ("Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Lie Nu").She married Hedong Wei Zhongdao for the first time when she was an adult, and returned to her mother's family after her husband died.During the war at the end of the Han Dynasty, she was unfortunately captured by the Huns and accepted as a princess by King Zuoxian of the Huns. She had two sons and lived in the Southern Huns for 12 years.In 208 AD, Cai Yong's good friend Cao Cao sympathized with her experience and appreciated her talent, so he redeemed her with a great gift.On the way back to Han, Cai Yan had mixed feelings and was very excited when she said goodbye to her naive child and foreign land. Later, based on this experience, she combined the sound of Hu Yin and Han into the music of the qin, and created "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", which showed that she was hard-pressed even in the world. The great resentment and sorrowful thoughts and feelings that can be accommodated. "Pai" refers to chapters and paragraphs; "Eighteen Pai" refers to 18 chapters or 18 paragraphs.There are two kinds of music scores for this work: one is the qin song matched with the lyrics in the qin score "Qin Shi" (published in 1611) of the Ming Dynasty;The lyrics of Qin Ge are narrative poems of the same name that have been handed down since the Han Dynasty.