Chapter 28 The first section of the history of the famous ancient area - "Huayang Guozhi"

"Huayang Guozhi", also known as "Huayang Guoji", is a relatively complete ancient local chronicle in my country. The author, Changzhu [qu Qu], with the word Daojiang, was born in Jiangyuan (now Chongqing County, Sichuan Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It turned out to be a regular servant of Sanqi under Li Shi of the Chenghan regime. In the third year of Yonghe (347 A.D.), General Huan Wen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated Shu. Chang Chu persuaded Li Shi to surrender, and later served as a counselor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.When he was in Shu, he wrote 10 volumes of "Book of Han". After entering Jin Dynasty, he expanded the scope of this book, and wrote "Huayang Guozhi" in the second year of Ningkang in Jin Dynasty (374 A.D.). "Huayang", from the book "Yugong", refers to the area from the east to the sun of Huashan Mountain and the west to the bank of Heishui, which is one of the nine states in "Yugong".The whole book originally consisted of 10 chapters, and "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" was made into 12 volumes, which was already incomplete in the Song Dynasty. Li Jie (Ji Ji) in the Southern Song Dynasty added another 12 volumes based on the historical books of the Han and Han Dynasties, which is now "Huayang Guo Zhi".Among them, "Bazhi", "Hanzhongzhi", "Shuzhi" and "Nanzhongzhi" are the essence of the whole book. Many valuable historical materials are preserved in this part. It records the history of each state, the history of counties and counties, and the main cities and towns. , the main ethnic groups, clan names, official achievements, and the geographical situation, mountains and rivers, economic products, customs and customs of these places.Important content related to ancient geography, politics, economy, and ethnicity in Southwest China can supplement the deficiencies of "Han Shu", "Three Kingdoms", and "Jin Shu".It can also make up for the deficiencies in the pre-Qin history and the history of the Shu Kingdom in the Bashu area.For example, the history of Cuba and Shu before Qin's unification, the process of Qin's unification of Bashu, and the implementation of the county system after Qin's unification, "Huayang Guozhi" is very vivid and detailed.There is also Zhuge Liang's expedition to Nanzhong, "Three Kingdoms" only mentions it briefly, but "Huayang Guozhi" records Zhuge Liang's route of southern expedition, some vivid plots during the war, and the measures to govern Nanzhong after the war, giving people a complete impression .The book also records the details of how Li Bing and his son led the working people to control the water, build the Dujiangyan, and divert water to irrigate the Bashu (now Chengdu) plain.As well as the waterways and minerals in the Bashu Plain, how the working people boiled well salt, how to use fire wells (natural gas), etc., these important historical materials are not recorded in detail in other historical books, or there is no record at all.Thanks to "Huayang Guozhi" for leaving us valuable information.In "Nanzhongzhi", the caste situation of the minority nationalities in the Southwest is described.In the above-mentioned four chronicles, there are detailed descriptions of the geographical distribution, history, legends, customs, and their contacts with the Central Plains dynasty of the 30 ethnic minorities in the southwest region.In short, these four volumes of historical materials are extremely rich and need to be developed and utilized by people. In "Huayang Guozhi", "Gongsun Shu, Liu Ermu Zhi", "Liu Xianzhu Zhi", "Liu Houzhu Zhi", "Great Comrade", "Li Te, Xiong, Qi, Shou, Shizhi" are written in chronological style, It mainly records the political prosperity and decline of the rulers of various dynasties in Shu from the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 347), which is similar to the "official history" of this era. "Zongzan Zongsan of the Sages and Women", "Records of the Later Sages", "Catalogue of Sages and Women in Bingyi, Liang, and Ningzhou from the Pre-Han Dynasty" mainly introduce celebrities and sages in all aspects of Shu, and daughters of chaste heroes, similar to " Biography in "Official History".Many books such as "East View of Han Ji" and other books that Chang Ju referred to when writing this book have been lost.Chang Chu is a local who remembers local affairs. He has served as a historian in the Bashu regime for many years. He has the opportunity to refer to a large number of archives and documents. In addition to his own personal experience and investigation and collection, the historical events recorded are more detailed and credible.There are nearly 400 characters recorded in the book, which is rare in local chronicles.Therefore, Sima Guang compiled the "Book of Jin" in the early Tang Dynasty with some materials.

In terms of compilation method, "Huayang Guozhi" combines history, geography, and characters, and adopts three genres of geography, chronicle, and biography to compile. They are divided and combined, and organically linked together to form a complete book. Chronicles.This is a pioneering work in the history of Chinese local chronicles compilation, which established the later compilation style of local chronicles. "Huayang Guozhi" is the most complete one among the ancient local chronicles before the Sui Dynasty. It is extensive in content, large in scale, rich in materials, detailed in historical materials, and complete in style.

Of course, "Huayang Guozhi" also has the common problems of old history books. The view of history is idealistic. It maintains feudal rule, promotes loyal ministers and filial sons, martyrs and virgins, and even feudal superstition. There are also mistakes and inappropriate compilations.But the shortcomings do not conceal the advantages, and it is still a famous work in the history of local chronicles. In recent years, Bashu Publishing House and Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House have published "Huayang Guozhi Annotation" and "Huayang Guozhi Annotation" respectively. The latter specially draws and attaches 18 maps of the state and county situation, which is quite convenient for reference.