Chapter 13 Chapter 4 Various Situations of the Success of Young People in Ancient China
I have already talked about the external and internal causes of the success of young people in ancient China, which shows that a person's success is not accidental, but is actually promoted by various external factors and determined by the internal factors that require him to become a talent.External factors and internal factors are in a dialectical and unified relationship. Only with the internal factors that require oneself to become a talent, coupled with the promotion of external factors, can a person accelerate to become a talent.There is no internal cause for success, and it is impossible to become a talent only by external factors.However, external factors can sometimes arouse people's desire to become talents. For example, the heroes who sacrificed for the country in history, their original ambition may not be to serve the battlefield, but because they were inspired by the hatred of the country and the family, they stepped forward and finally became Liufang. The hero of the century.The cultivation of family education, the edification of good teachers and helpful friends may also encourage a person who is not very determined, and make him finally determined to become a talent. These can be said to be that external factors can sometimes turn into internal factors to make people become talents.
In this chapter, we will describe the various situations of young people becoming talents in ancient China from various angles, including when and where more people became talents, how much young people made talents to society, the country and the nation, and how young people became talents. Whether there is resistance, and so on.
The first question is when did more young people become talents in ancient China.This question should first be discussed from the changes of the times.Ancient Chinese history is a continuous development process from unity to division, and from division to unity.This is not a cyclical cycle, but an evolution process of social contradictions from balance to imbalance, and then from imbalance to balance. Every evolution, society takes a big step forward, which is a spiral upward process.During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, China was in a period of slavery society and the transition from this society to feudalism. China formed a basically unified situation with the Central Plains region, which was the most developed political and economically at that time, as the core.The regions outside the Central Plains are not as developed politically, economically, and culturally as the Central Plains, so there are fewer threats and interference to the Central Plains regime, and the whole country is in a relatively stable period.In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the development of areas outside the Central Plains accelerated, so all the heroes came together to compete for the Central Plains, and there was a situation of division and separatism. It was a period of instability and turmoil.After hundreds of years of wars for hegemony, the separatist forces have constantly adjusted their strategies to promote the accelerated development of production in the areas they control, and to enrich their economic, political, military and other aspects of strength.As a result of the final competition, Qin State gained the upper hand, and Qin Shihuang completed the unification of an unprecedented scale. The unification of Qin and Han appeared, and the whole country was in a stable period again.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the economy of the Central Plains was destroyed due to the warlords' scramble for power and profit, and the imperial court could not control the whole country. However, the southeast and southwest regions developed relatively rapidly, with stronger political, economic, and military forces, so a situation of separation and separatism emerged among the three kingdoms. Another period of unrest and turmoil.The unification of the Western Jin Dynasty was somewhat accidental. It was not the result of the political and economic development in the Central Plains being faster than that of the Southeast and Southwest regions, but because of faults in the talents of Sun Wu in the southeast and Shu Han in the southwest, and repeated policy mistakes. The momentum of political and economic development in these two regions has not weakened.Because of this, the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty was very short-lived, followed by the long-term split between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Southern Dynasty and the Northern Dynasty, which was another period of instability and turmoil.After a long period of competition, the development of the Central Plains was relatively faster than that of the surrounding areas, so the unification of the Sui and Tang Dynasties reappeared, and it experienced a stable period of nearly 300 years.At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the political and economic development of areas outside the Central Plains gradually surpassed that of the Central Plains. However, in the Tang Dynasty, due to the domineering warriors, the separatist regimes, and the weakening of imperial power, it was difficult for the court to control the whole country. China is again in a period of turmoil.The unification of the Northern Song Dynasty, on the surface, the political center was Bianjing in the Central Plains, with a unified scale. In fact, the development of Jianghuai, Sichuan, and Huguang has surpassed the Central Plains in the Yellow River Basin, so the policies implemented in those places are somewhat different from the central court. Its particularity, even the cultural center has been gradually transferred to Liangzhe and Fujian and Guangzhou.However, large tracts of land in the north were successively controlled by Liao and Jin, so the whole of China was actually divided and the society was extremely unstable.The Southern Song Dynasty was even more peaceful, and had a long-term confrontation with the Jin Dynasty, so it was not possible to talk about unity and stability.The unification of the Yuan Dynasty was a bit of an exception, relying on the use of force to control the country, while the economic supply relied on the south, so in the end Zhu Yuanzhang relied on the support of the southern landlord forces to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and establish the Ming Dynasty, which established the unification of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 500 years .During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although there were decades of war and turmoil, the country was relatively stable for most of the 500 years.
Since the change of the times is the alternation of division and unity, turmoil and stability, the success of young people in ancient China, including the type and number of talents, will naturally be closely related to this change of the times.In ancient China, there was a saying that "heroes come out of troubled times, and literati come out of peace", which refers to the types of talents in different historical periods. What is needed are people who can strategize, are good at strategy, are good at riding and shooting, and have the courage to fight. Culture is temporarily relegated to a secondary position.In such an era, there are more heroes and heroes, but most of them are politicians and military strategists.Most parents and teachers earnestly warn their children and students that they should be heroes, and most teenagers also regard becoming heroes as their goal.Wang Ji in the Spring and Autumn Period, Han Xin in the Chu and Han Dynasties, Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang, Zhou Yu, and Lu Meng in the Three Kingdoms Period, Xun Guan, Zu Ti, Liu Kun, Zong Cui, Wang Meng, Liu Yuan, Shi Le, and Fu Jian in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties , Yue Fei, Yue Yun and his son during the confrontation between Song and Jin, Xia Wanchun during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, etc., are all heroes who emerged in response to the requirements of this era.Although there were scientists, thinkers, writers, artists and other literati and bachelors at the same time as these heroes, the number was relatively small because of the frequent wars in troubled times, social turmoil, and cultural depression. However, it takes a considerable amount of time to become a talent in the cultural field, and it takes a long time for its achievements to be recognized by the society. Therefore, relatively few people become talented in the cultural field of that era, and The experience of becoming a talent for a literati is not as exciting as that of a hero, and his deeds are not as prominent as that of a hero, nor is it of very practical educational significance to people like a hero.
In the period of national reunification, or in the period of separation and segregation, certain areas with relatively stable conditions enjoy social stability and economic prosperity, and people can study at ease and carry out various creations in the cultural field. Scholars and other literati have emerged one after another, and have received enough attention from the society, country and nation.Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty, Ban Gu and Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in the Jin Dynasty, Wang Bo and Xiao Yingshi in the Tang Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi in the Song Dynasty, Gui Youguang in the Ming Dynasty, Wei Xi brothers in the Qing Dynasty, etc. They all grew up in a relatively stable social environment, and their political talents, as well as their talents in science, history, literature, art, etc., have been fully utilized in a stable or relatively stable social environment.
In Chinese history, the period of unification was relatively long, and the period of division and regime was relatively short. That is to say, the period of peace was long and the period of chaos was short. The ratio of literary talent to military talent, that is, the ratio of literati and scholars to heroes, is relatively more in the former than in the latter. .Based on this, it can be said that the number of talents in the unified period was relatively large, while the number of talented people in the divided period was relatively small.Special mention should be made of politicians, who can be said to be both literary and military talents.When the country was stable, politicians talked more about the rule of law. They focused on the strategy of economical economy, and made suggestions for rectifying the administration of officials, developing production, prospering the economy, and stabilizing the hearts of the people.When the country is in turmoil, politicians put the security of the country and the country at the top of their work. They focus on things like enriching the country and strengthening the army, training soldiers, manufacturing weapons, and building roads. He is both a politician and a military strategist.
Judging from the actual situation in history, before the implementation of the imperial examination system to select talents in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, pure literati and bachelors, scholars who knew nothing about martial arts, pure heroes, generals with no or very low education, Both are rare.Most literati and bachelors also study martial arts while studying literature. On weekdays, it is used as a way of physical exercise to strengthen their bodies. When the country needs it, they can join the army; You must also be able to read military books. In ancient times, it was difficult for a person who did not read military books to be able to charge and conquer the enemy without resourcefulness to become a general.For example, Zhang Liang, Xiao He, and Han Xin during the period of the Chu-Han struggle for supremacy, although they had a division of labor for strategizing, preparing food and grass, and leading troops to fight, but each of them knew the work of the other two very well. Basically, they are all capable of literature and martial arts, so the three talents will cooperate well and finally help Liu Bang win the world.Although both Zu Ti and Liu Kun in the Jin Dynasty were military generals, they also read a lot of books.Tang Taizong Li Shimin himself was a man capable of writing and martial arts, and his generals who contributed more, such as Li Jing and others, were not low in education.Wei Yuanzhong and Di Renjie, who were prime ministers during Wu Zetian's time, were also from Wen Ke Anbang and Wu Neng Jingguo.This kind of both civil and military skills can be seen even in some individuals after the Tang Dynasty. For example, Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty was used to fighting and wrote poems very well.Xin Qiji was able to lead troops to fight and was also a famous poet.Qi Jiguang of the Ming Dynasty made great achievements in the Anti-Japanese War, and also wrote "Ji Xiao Xin Shu" and other works.After the implementation of the imperial examination system, especially during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination of Xiuwen Yanwu was implemented to prevent heroes from taking over his world.When he saw many people vying to take the Jinshi examination, he secretly rejoiced and said: "The heroes of the world have entered my gouge [gou gou]!" .Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty advocated the imperial examinations of cultivating literature and suppressing martial arts, in order to lead the heroes of the world into the trap of practicing literature and abandoning martial arts.The same is true of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. After he won the world by means of the same method, he deprived the generals of their military power by the method of "relieving military power with a glass of wine".Since then, emphasizing literature over military affairs has become the basic policy of the rulers of all dynasties, and the phenomenon of the separation of civil and military affairs has become increasingly obvious. There have been more and more weak scholars who are immersed in reading and not learning martial arts. Degree.Weak scholars write articles and write thousands of words eloquently. They can be called talents in this respect, but they have no power to restrain a chicken, and they are helpless when the country is in danger.
The above said that heroes come out of troubled times, there are many literati in Taiping, there are more talents in the period of national unification, and fewer talents in the period of division and separatism.In fact, there are many special circumstances. For example, in certain periods of division and separatism, in order to develop production and overwhelm the enemy in terms of economic and military strength, each separatist regime often adopts the method of recruiting talents, which can encourage talents to stand out.The contention of a hundred schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, and the scrambles among advisers and strategists during the Three Kingdoms period show that there were not many talents who were good at debating, reasoning or strategizing at that time, and the road for people to become talents was still very broad.It is worth noting that most of the thinkers who participated in the contention of a hundred schools of thought were in their middle age or later years, and young people emerged, and there were not many arguing with others.The reason is that people are ideologically mature enough to start a family. After all, they need a long period of social experience, a lot of experience, and a lot of experience before they can build their own complete ideological system, which is difficult to accomplish in adolescence.However, making suggestions for a war or negotiating with the enemy is a matter of seeking victory for a while. It requires quick thinking and decisive decisions. Teenagers can do it, and it is just in line with the mental state of teenagers who are not afraid of tigers as newborn calves.
The second question is which area has more talented people.The answer to this question is related to the answer to the first question.Chinese culture originated from the Yellow River Basin, and of course the most talented people in early China lived in the Yellow River Basin.Today's Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces are places where talents were concentrated in the pre-Qin period.During the Qin and Han Dynasties, in addition to the Central Plains in the Yellow River Basin, today's Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other provinces also produced many talents.During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, talents emerged in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu, indicating that Chinese culture had developed from the Yellow River Basin to the Yangtze River and Han Rivers. , Qiantang River Basin.After the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the above-mentioned areas still produced a large number of talents, and Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou and several northeastern provinces also successively produced many talents.Little is known about Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Taiwan and other places due to insufficient data, but fragments of data can still be found from certain records.For example, we know from the "Quan Tang Poetry" that there was a Huihe (Hehe) poet Kanmaner in the Tang Dynasty, who was from Xinjiang.From the history books that record the Uyghurs, we know that there was a Uyghur writer Guan Yunshi in the Yuan Dynasty, who was also from Xinjiang.From the history books that record the Ming Dynasty, we know that there were famous Mongolian drama writers Yang Jingxian and others in the Ming Dynasty.In addition, in recent years, researchers in the history of literature have attached great importance to the study of the history of minority literature, and have also discovered minority writers who used to live in border areas. They were all talents that were rarely noticed in the past. Xun Gequan, Duan Yizong and others.In the Jin Dynasty, there were Xianbei writer and politician Yu Wenxuzhong, and Dangxiang writer Li Junmin.In the Yuan Dynasty, there was Sadula, a famous Hui poet who lived in Yanmen.In the Ming Dynasty, there were Naxi poets Mu Gong and Mu Zeng in Yunnan.In the Qing Dynasty, there was Tsangyang Gyatso, the sixth Dalai Lama, a famous Tibetan poet.Some of them do not necessarily become talents in their youth, but there are not a few of them who become talents in their youth.These facts show that there were many talented people in ancient China, and the distribution of talents became wider as time went on.In terms of the ratio of civil and military talents, the Yellow River Basin produced more military generals. The so-called "Yanzhao has many generous and tragic men since ancient times" refers to this.Literary talents flourished in the Yangtze River Basin and areas south of it.This situation is naturally related to the fact that most of the wars in Chinese history took place in the Yellow River Basin, while the south was relatively stable.
The emergence of talents is related to local economic development, which is self-evident.But there are many other factors that are also closely related to the location.One factor is family origin, from an academic point of view it is family origin.In the period of Chinese feudal society, especially the era when the Han and Jin gentry controlled the political power, it was difficult for the children of the pure working people to have the opportunity to become self-educated and emerge politically.Some bureaucrats who were born as gentry landlords, although sometimes they could rise to a very high position and even hold important military and political powers, were still discriminated against in society and squeezed out by gentry landlords in every possible way.It is conceivable that the social status of the working people lower than the landlords of the common clan was low.Therefore, there are very few talents in China's feudal society, especially in the early stage of feudal society, who were not from aristocratic families.Wang Chong was born in a "solitary family of a small family", and he was considered a special figure at the time, but according to his statement in "Lunheng Ziji Pian", his ancestors also had military exploits, and they were granted the title of Yangting in Kuaiji, but they fell into ruins later. Only then did they become small landlords and businessmen who "rely on farming and mulberry industry" and "rely on business as a trader", not real working people.After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the situation has changed slightly, but family or family origin is still an important factor in whether a person can become a talent.Families or family studies are closely related to the geographical environment. The great families are the most prestigious families in a place, so a certain surname is called a prominent family in a certain place, and it is called a prefect, such as Zhao in Tianshui, Li in Longxi, and Zhang in Qinghe. , Taiyuan Wang surname, Wu Xing Shen surname, Hejian Yu surname, Gaoyang Xu surname, Gaoping Fan surname and so on.
Another factor is the teacher-student relationship.The emergence of talents is often closely related to the teachings of famous teachers.Confucius, a sage, taught 72 sages, many of whom became talented in their youth, which has been introduced earlier.Mencius, who is also known as Confucius, is also a famous educator and has cultivated many talents.Both Confucius and Mencius were born in Zoulu (in today's Shandong Province), so the study of Confucius and Mencius is also called the study of Zoulu, which has a connection with the locality.Famous educators in the feudal society, the schools they founded were often labeled with local names. For example, Hu Yuan, a great educator in the Northern Song Dynasty, taught Huzhou Fuxue. There are often hundreds of tourists.At that time, four or five out of ten of the officials admitted by the Ministry of Rites were disciples of Humen.Not only did they have the same academic views, but they also had roughly similar clothing and behavior, so that people could tell at a glance that they were both Hu Yuan's disciples.Hu Yuan once gave lectures in Huzhou, and the school he founded was called Huxue.Zhu Xi, a great educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, lectured at Kaoting Academy in Jianyang, Fujian Province. Many students came from afar to study, and many talents came out of them.Kaoting is not only the name of the academy, but also the name of the place. The school founded by Zhu Xi is called the Kaoting School.In addition, the schools that had contributed to the cultivation of talents during the feudal society, such as Lu Zuqian in the Song Dynasty founded Wu School in Wu [Wu Wu] (now Jinhua, Zhejiang), known as the Jinhua School.In the Ming Dynasty, Xue Xuan founded the Hedong School, and Wang Yangming founded the Yaojiang School, both of which were named after places and had close ties with the localities.
The third question is how much contribution did the successful young people in ancient times make to the society, country and nation.This question is easy to answer, that is, their contribution is very large.Those young heroes who fought on the battlefield and sacrificed their lives to save the country and the nation, such as Wang Ji, Huo Qubing, Yue Fei, Xin Qiji, Xia Wanchun, etc., their contributions are well known and needless to say.In addition, Wang Meng assisted Fu Jian in pacifying North China, and Zu Ti and Liu Kun's Northern Expedition stabilized the confrontation between North and South, all of which made considerable contributions.People who have made achievements in the fields of politics, culture and art, science and technology, such as Zu Chongzhi in astronomy, calendar and mathematics, Zhong Yao and Wang Xizhi in calligraphy, Zhuge Liang and Fan Zhongyan's political achievements, Li Shen, Ouyang Xiu, Xin Qiji, Song Lian, Gui Youguang The literature of Sima Qian, Ban Gu, Sima Guang, and Zheng Qiao, and the medicine of Ge Hong and Li Shizhen have all made great contributions in the history of Chinese cultural development, and some are even shining pearls in the treasure house of world culture.Their highest achievements are not necessarily completed in their youth, but their talents are revealed in their youth, and their careers are laid in their youth.In history, there are not a few people who were late bloomers and made contributions to the society, country and nation, but their deeds are not as educational as the young people's success.A person's youth is like the sun at eight or nine o'clock in the morning. If one understands the preciousness of time, the importance of academic achievements, and one's responsibility to society, the country, and the nation at this time, and is determined to study hard, practice hard, and give full play to one's abilities The internal cause of your own success will definitely become a great talent.People who are over 45 years old are like the sun that is gradually setting in the west after noon. At this time, it is still too late to be determined to become a talent, but the future is limited after all, and you must work harder to become a talent.If you don't know how to catch up at this time, you can only spend your life mediocrely, and it will be difficult to become a talent.Although in history, "night excursions with candles" was used as a metaphor for hard work in old age, indicating that people in their 60s and 70s still have the hope of becoming talents, but these are rare and very rare special cases after all.
The fourth question is whether there are unfavorable factors for the success of young people in ancient China, that is, whether there is resistance.This problem can be divided into two aspects: natural resistance and artificial resistance.Natural resistance includes being born in a poor family, or being born in a remote and culturally backward place without a good learning environment; being weak and sick since childhood, with lower intelligence than ordinary people, or being disabled, and having greater learning difficulties than others, etc.Those who encounter this natural resistance are very unfortunate, but this resistance is not insurmountable. In the previous section "Rising to Victory in Adversity", many practical examples have been given. The so-called "adversity" is mainly It refers to natural resistance, but a person with perseverance can overcome it with tenacious struggle and make himself a talent.
Man-made resistance includes the restrictions imposed by the political system on people's success; the exclusion of people from humble backgrounds by the family status concept;This kind of situation happened in ancient China.As far as the political system is concerned, the imperial examination system implemented since the Sui and Tang dynasties, on the surface, opened up a way for talents to stand out, but in essence it is a trap that restricts people from giving full play to their talents.As mentioned earlier, Tang Taizong strongly advocated using the imperial examination system as a trap to restrain the heroes of the world so as not to hinder his rule.Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, after the system of selecting scholars based on stereotyped essays was stipulated, the imperial examination system simply became a shackle that restricted people from becoming talents.Many students who take the exam are originally talented. If they can pass the exam and become officials, they will definitely make a difference in politics. ; or if there are some irregularities in writing, they will be rejected from the examination room and lose the opportunity to enter the official career and display their talents.Under the imperial examination system, juvenile scholars and juvenile candidates were at least a year old Jinshi, occasionally, but very rare, and more of them were white-haired and old-fashioned scholars.In ancient times, it was a good story to raise a person to be a Jinshi in the examination at the age of 50 or 60. Father and son share the same discipline, and grandparents and grandchildren share the same discipline, but it is actually a tragedy of talent being stifled.When sons and grandsons can enter official careers and become officials, fathers and grandfathers are already dying, and how many days are left to contribute to society, the country and the nation!Pu Songling, the author of the immortal masterpiece, was a victim of the imperial examination system.The unreasonable imperial examination system blocked his way out and made it difficult for him to display his talents, so he embarked on the road of talking about foxes and ghosts, using ghosts to satirize various unreasonable phenomena in the real society.Wu Jingzi, the author of another immortal work, suffered similarly to Pu Songling and was also a victim of the imperial examination system.In his works, he ruthlessly exposes and satirizes the restriction of people's success by the imperial examination system of stereotyped selection of scholars, and writes very profoundly.
The exclusion of people from humble backgrounds by the concept of family status was most obvious during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.At that time, although there were some talented poor scholars who were able to break through many obstacles and emerge on the political stage, and even mastered the secrets of the central government like Ji Sengzhen in the Southern Qi Dynasty, they were still discriminated against when they were with the nobles. , I feel very depressed.When the Liang Dynasty came to irrigate, his official position was not small. Because he was born in a poor family, his great-grandfather once plowed the fields when he came to Yanzhi. Smelly.People who have become officials, or have become talents, are still so discriminated against and excluded. I don’t know how many young people who are also from poor families have lost their opportunities to become talents because of discrimination and exclusion.
The oppression and persecution of talented people by those who are jealous of the virtuous and capable is a common phenomenon that occurs in any society at all times and in all over the world, and Chinese feudal society is no exception.During the Warring States period, Sun Bin of Qi State and Pang Juan of Wei State were classmates, and they studied the art of war together.After Pang Juan became a general of the Wei State, he was jealous of Sun Bin's talent, so he deceived Sun Bin to the Wei State, where he was sentenced to Bin (cutting off the kneecap).Fortunately, after Sun Bin was rescued by the Qi envoy, he still worked hard and was appointed as the military adviser of the Qi State. He finally defeated Pang Juan in the battle of Qi Wei Guiling (northwest of Changyuan, Henan).This scene of Sun Pang fighting wits in history not only shows Sun Bin's determination to become a talent in the face of adversity, but also shows how shameful a person like Pang Juan is who is jealous of the virtuous and capable.At the end of the Warring States period, Han Fei was a master of legalism and quite talented. He and Li Siyuan were classmates.After the book written by Han Fei was introduced to the Qin State, he was greatly appreciated by Qin Wang Yingzheng (that is, Qin Shihuang), who said, "If you can see this man, you will never hate him even if you die."Later, when Han Fei was invited to join the Qin Dynasty, Li Si was afraid that his talent would overwhelm him and make him fall out of favor in front of the King of Qin, so he framed him and made Han Fei die unjustly in prison.Han Fei was about 40 years old when he died. He wrote books when he was a teenager, and he had already become a talent. Because of Li Si's jealousy, he lost the opportunity to display his talents in politics.
In Chinese history, there are still many treacherous ministers known for suppressing and persecuting talents. They will always be hated by people, such as Li Linfu in the Tang Dynasty, Cai Jing, Qin Hui, and Jia Sidao in the Song Dynasty, Yan Song in the Ming Dynasty, He Shen in the Qing Dynasty, etc. Under their despotic power, many talented people, including many teenagers, were oppressed and persecuted and lost their opportunities to become talents, and even lost their lives.These treacherous ministers are not only hated by the people for their crimes of oppressing the people and surrendering to the enemy and treason, but they are also unforgivable sinners through the ages when suppressing and persecuting talents.
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