Chapter 11 Section 4 Gaining Insights in Practice

Except for those young heroes who died for the country, the above-mentioned figures who became talented in history all talked about how they studied hard, but reading is not the only way to become talented.Some people do not have the qualifications to study, but they can pay attention to learning practical experience in life practice and make contributions to the society, country and nation, which should also be regarded as rare talents.Famous skilled craftsmen in history, such as Li Chun, the stonemason who built Zhaozhou Bridge, and Huang Daopo, who made contributions to the textile industry, who can say that they are not talents who have made great contributions?Some people have read a lot of books and have a lot of book knowledge, but they cannot be said to have become talents if their practice is out of touch with their knowledge.For example, Zhao Kuo of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period was familiar with military books, and even his father, the famous general Zhao She, could not confuse him when he talked about the art of war. 400000.Who can say that a person like Zhao Kuo who only talks on paper has become a talent?If you read a lot, you only get book knowledge. If you can't use it in social practice, then book knowledge can only be regarded as dead knowledge.Only when book knowledge can be used in social practice and further summarized and improved can it become true knowledge. This is what is meant by the so-called practice.

Here are a few examples of talented people who, due to the lack of conditions for reading, have not read many books, or may not even have read books, but have made contributions to society, the country and the nation. Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty was sent to the palace as a eunuch when he was a child because his family was too poor to live.He had never studied before, but the old eunuch felt sorry for him and told him that he had to be educated to be a eunuch, so that he could approach the emperor and be reused.So he studied hard under the guidance of the old eunuch.Cai Lun was born in a family of working people. He attached great importance to practice. When he was studying, he chose those books that were easy to practice, such as blacksmithing, silk reeling, and hemp spinning, and he wanted to practice them himself after reading them.Sometimes he went to the iron workshop to swing a few hammers; sometimes he went to the textile workshop to reel silk and spin hemp.Cai Lun works very carefully, so he can learn everything and do it well.The emperor saw that Cai Lun was smart, diligent, and reliable, so he promoted him to be a Shang Fangling, who was responsible for manufacturing palace supplies.Cai Lun saw that the books at that time were all written in bamboo slips and wooden tablets, which were very heavy. Even the memorials given by the ministers to the emperor were also a large bundle of bamboo slips or wooden tablets.Although paper was available at that time, it was still rough and unsuitable for writing.Cai Lun thought that if the paper was improved and made light, thin and white, it could be used for writing.He picked up waste products such as messy silk and hemp heads from textile workshops, and added rags, broken fishing nets, bark, etc. as raw materials for experiments.If one trial fails, do it a second time.After many trials, he finally succeeded and produced paper suitable for writing.Cai Lun made great contributions to improving papermaking technology, and the emperor named him Marquis of Longting.The paper he made was called "Caihou paper".From an illiterate who had never read a book, Cai Lun became an expert in improving papermaking technology through hard study, reading a book, and through practice, making great contributions to cultural development.

Yu Hao, a carpenter in Wuyue Kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, was famous for his exquisite skills when he was young.King Qian Liu (liu Liu) of Wuyue asked craftsmen to build a seven-story wooden pagoda in Fantian Temple in Hangzhou.Just after repairing a few floors, the tower body kept shaking, as if it was about to fall.The craftsman had no choice, so he asked Yu Hao for advice.Yu Hao went to check it out himself, and immediately understood what was going on.He said to the craftsmen: "To build a wooden pagoda, we need to build one floor and consolidate the first floor. First, lay the floor of the lower floor tightly and nail it firmly, and then repair the upper floor. This is done layer by layer. The tower It won’t sway anymore.” The craftsman followed what Yu Hao said, and he overcame the problem of the swaying of the tower.Yu Hao's skills are all continuously summed up from practice.Later, he was invited to build the Kaibao Temple Pagoda in Kaifeng. This pagoda has an octagonal body and is 11 steps high. The structure is very complicated and the technology is very difficult.Yu Hao carefully constructed the tower according to the design plan. According to the actual situation during the construction, he constantly discussed with the designer and revised the design plan. It took eight years to complete the tower.The completed tower leans slightly to the northwest. People find it strange and ask him what is the reason for this?Did something go wrong in construction?Yu Hao replied: "Kaifeng is flat, there are no mountains around, and there is a lot of northwest wind. The tower leaning slightly to the northwest, after being blown by the wind and soaked in moisture, will naturally be straight after a hundred years." Nearly a hundred years later As expected, things did not go as Yu Hao expected, the Kaibao Temple Pagoda really changed from tilting to straightening gradually.It can be seen from this that in the process of building the tower, Yu Hao not only considered the tower itself, but also investigated all the topography, geography and climate conditions around the tower, so he made the right decision.This kind of true knowledge obtained from practice is the basic factor for Yu Hao to become a talent, and it is not obtained from books.Yu Hao lived until the early years of the Song Dynasty. His superb skills were called "the best carpenter in the world".

Bi Sheng was born in a commoner family in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because the family was poor, he only studied for a few years before being sent to a book printing workshop to work as a craftsman.At that time, engraving was used to print books, that is, the book to be printed was engraved on a wooden board, then painted with ink, and printed on paper.To print a page of a book, you have to engrave a block. After printing, if you want to reprint, you can keep the book block;Bi Sheng worked as an engraver, a printer, and a bookbinder in the book printing workshop, and he had a deep understanding of the hard work of each process.Bi Sheng worked very diligently, and when he had free time, he often read the printed books and tried to improve his culture.He felt that engraving and printing was too wasteful, and a large number of book blocks were often burned, which was carved by engraving craftsmen one by one!The plates that were left to be reprinted were also sometimes eaten by moths and rats and required reprinting.Undamaged book editions take up a lot of space in the house and are troublesome to find.He wondered if it was possible to make the words on the book pages come alive, like chess pieces, undergoing various changes in arrangement, and weaving out new book pages piece by piece.After having such an idea, Bi Sheng continued to explore and experiment in practice.If you fail once, do it a second time, if you fail again, do it a third time.After repeated experiments, he finally came up with the idea of ​​engraving words with thin clay, and after burning it hard, he arranged books on iron plates according to the needs of the manuscript, creating the first movable type printing technique.Bi Sheng became an inventor from a printing craftsman who only studied for a few years, which was mainly due to his own hard study and practice.The movable type printing technique he invented has made great contributions to the development of world cultural undertakings.

In the Ming Dynasty, there was Kuai (kuai) Xiang, who used to be a carpenter in Xiangshan, Beijing. Zhu Di, Emperor Yongle, wanted to move the capital to Beijing and overhaul the palace. He heard that Kuai Xiang was skillful in craftsmanship, so he was invited to preside over the construction of the palace and was awarded the honor of battalion renovation. official position.The carpentry work designed by Kuai Xiang can fit the seam perfectly, and it is durable, beautiful and generous.When he drew dragons on buildings, he could hold a brush with both hands and draw double dragons in opposite directions at the same time, combining them into a picture of double dragons playing with a pearl. Therefore, he won the favor of Emperor Yongle, and he was exceptionally promoted to be the left servant of the Ministry of Industry and the first grade official of the food industry. Salary.Later, Kuai Xiang was sent to repair the emperor's mausoleum, and he also did a good job.In the Ming Tombs we see today, several mausoleums were designed and built by Kuai Xiang.Kuai Xiang lived to the age of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty (1465-1487 A.D.), and he was in his 80s. During the Yongle period, he was only in his 20s. It can be said that he became a talent at a young age.He didn't read much, and most of his achievements in architecture were obtained through continuous summarization and improvement in practice.

Lei Fafa, an architect who was good at drawing design drawings and making models in the Qing Dynasty, participated in the restoration project of the three halls of the Beijing Imperial Palace in his youth, and later presided over the design of many royal gardens.His success is mainly due to his studiousness.Lei Fafa was born in a poor carpenter's family in Nankang, Jiangxi Province. He only went to school for a few days when he was young, but he went out to work with his father because he couldn't live in his hometown.He was smart and diligent since he was a child. At the beginning, he could only help his father with tools and carry wood.Later, I slowly learned to do sawing, planing and other processes.When his father was doing more complicated work, he stood aside and observed carefully, and kept asking what the essentials of the work were, keeping it in his heart.Because of his concentration in learning, he finally mastered various techniques and was able to make furniture and build houses independently.His father told him that the most important job in building a house was to draw design drawings. Because his father had a low level of education, he could not draw design drawings, so he could only be a craftsman who obeyed orders. He hoped that his son could learn to draw design drawings and become an architect. division.After Lei Fafa listened to his father's words, he decided to learn technology and culture at the same time, and strive to become an architect.His diligence finally enabled him to obtain a double harvest of culture and technology. Not only did the carpentry get better and better, but he also learned the cultural knowledge that an architect must master, such as measuring, calculating, and drawing.At that time, it was built in the early Qing Dynasty, and it was preparing for large-scale renovation and reconstruction of the dilapidated palace left over from the Ming Dynasty, and a large number of craftsmen were recruited.Lei Fafa was selected because of his good technology, and became the person in charge of the construction of the three palace halls.In the beginning, he only constructed according to the blueprints that had already been designed. Later, because he constantly proposed revisions to the design drawings according to the actual construction situation, he was gradually allowed to participate in the design work of some projects, and was promoted from a craftsman to an architect.After the completion of the palace, Lei Fada independently designed several royal gardens.Inspired by children's toys, he further produced an architectural model from the design plan, which enabled craftsmen to have a more intuitive reference during specific construction and greatly improved the quality of construction.Because Lei Fafa was good at drawing architectural design drawings and making architectural models, he later won the nickname of "Zang Lei" and became a very great architect in the Qing Dynasty.

But there is another situation, that is, some people don't study hard, or even though they have read a lot of books, they become nerds who can't practice.For example, some literati from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties were mostly pedantic and flashy.They don't study much, rely on the status of their ancestors to obtain high officials and rich salaries or own a lot of property, and they usually talk about it, but they don't know how to practice it.They wear loose and gorgeous clothes, tied with beautiful ribbons, hats with pearls and jade on their heads, and high-heeled boots on their feet. They dare not ride a horse for a long distance, and some people have never even seen a horse.In the Liang Dynasty, Wang Fu, who served as an edict of Jiankang (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province), saw a neighing and jumping horse, trembling with fright, and shouted: "This is obviously a horse that wants to eat people." Tiger, how can you say it’s a horse!” Some people have never even seen plowed fields, sown seedlings, and carts, and they don’t even know when crops should be planted and harvested.When they eat, they think that the rice cooked with this kind of rice is not delicious, and that kind of food is not delicious. They are really some parasites who can only eat but can't cook.Although some people have read a lot of books, they only have book knowledge but no practice, and they have no contribution to society, country and nation.Here are a few examples of nerds who have read a lot of books and only have book knowledge but can't use knowledge in practice, which proves the importance of practice in the process of becoming a talent from the negative side.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a man named Fu Di in Liu Song (420-479 A.D.) in the Southern Dynasties. He liked to read, and he read all kinds of books. Whether it was Confucian classics or the opinions of a hundred schools of thought, he read them eagerly.He thinks that he has a lot of knowledge in books, and he can say that something is recorded in a certain book as soon as he opens his mouth, and sometimes he can even point out which volume and page it appears in, but he doesn't understand the true meaning of the book, and he can't understand it. correctly explain the content.His good friend Liu Liu nicknamed him "Shu Yu [Lu Lu]" when he saw his problem of reading without understanding its meaning.簏 is a basket made of bamboo, which means that Fu Di is just a book basket.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in the Southern Tang Dynasty (937-954 A.D.), there was a man named Peng Lili who read a lot of books and wrote poems like Ziyun in his mouth.When he talked to the men, women, children, and even the servants in the family, he always quoted scriptures in a sour manner, and never said a single plain language that ordinary people could easily understand. He asked him to do some practical things, but he knew nothing.So others gave him a nickname, calling him "dropping the book bag". In the Ming Dynasty, there was a man named Cheng Ji who was rich in book knowledge and became an official, but he couldn’t apply the knowledge in books. Although he could memorize some books, he didn’t understand the meaning of them. When a monk recites scriptures, there are words in his mouth, but in fact he has no intention of speaking, so others call him "two-legged bookcase".

Whether it's a book bag, a book bag, or a two-legged bookcase, they are all used to ridicule people who only know how to read but can't practice.People with these nicknames, although they can also become officials through various connections, but they have not made much contribution to society, the country and the nation, and in fact they have not become talents. The people who are most educational to people are those who have read the book and can practice it. They test the book knowledge in practice, further summarize and improve it, and create new knowledge.This kind of people has made the greatest contribution to the society, the country and the nation. They have left brilliant achievements in China's cultural treasure house, and what is especially valuable is that many of them have become talents in their youth.

Zu Chongzhi, a great scientist recognized all over the world, was born in Song Fanyang (now south of Dingxing County, Hebei) during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.He liked reading since childhood, liked to study ancient things, was good at thinking, and was especially interested in astronomy, calendar, mathematics, and machinery.He was already very famous in his 20s, and was selected to do research work in the then academic institution, Hualin Academy.He read many books on calendars, and carefully observed the celestial phenomena. He found that the calendar that had been implemented for many years had a lot of errors, so he started to formulate a new calendar.He debated with many people who advocated maintaining the old calendar, refuted their attacks on the new calendar one by one, and insisted on his correct opinion with reason and evidence.Someone found a guide car from the antiquities pile, but unfortunately only the outer shell remained and the inner mechanism was lost.Zu Chongzhi carefully observed the guide car, and according to the ancient book, he prepared a set of machinery for it, so that the guide car could regain its function as a guide.Zu Chongzhi built another thousand-mile boat and put it in the river for trial sailing. It could travel more than a hundred miles a day.The most rare thing is that Zu Chongzhi calculated the most accurate value of pi in the world at that time, setting it between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927.This pi value was the most accurate at that time, more than a thousand years earlier than the Europeans obtained the same value, so it was later called the "ancestral rate".Zu Chongzhi also wrote many books in his later years, some of which were about farming and reclamation, some about the philosophy of harmony with Laozi and Zhuangzi, and some about astronomy and mathematics.He also commented, "Book of Filial Piety" and "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic". It can be said that he was a great scientist who became a talent in his youth, with rich book knowledge and practical creation and invention. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jia Sixie [xie Xie], an agronomist in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534 A.D.), was a person who studied hard since he was a child, and he had a wealth of book knowledge.Later, when he became an official, he was still eager to learn and read whenever he had free time.He believes that running the country should be based on agriculture. Only in this way can the country be rich and the people happy.When he was the prefect of Gaoyang County (where the government is located in today's Gaoyang County, Hebei Province), he vigorously persuaded farmers to teach farming and mulberry, worked hard to reduce the burden on farmers, and developed agricultural production.He has read many books on agriculture, such as "Lushi Chunqiu", "Simin Yueling", "Fan [fan] Sheng Zhishu" and several other famous agricultural books. He has read them carefully, and also made detailed reading notes.In order to verify whether the book knowledge is correct and reliable, although he was a prefect, he personally planted land, planted trees, raised sheep, made wine, and often went to the countryside to consult farmers with production experience.Once, he read "The Book of Fansheng" that the millet should be planted sparingly, while the old farmer told him that the millet should be planted densely. The two sayings are diametrically opposed.In order to verify who was right and who was wrong, Jia Sixie planted a small field of millet by herself, planting half sparsely and half densely, watering the same amount and applying the same amount of fertilizer.When it was time to harvest, it was found that although the stalks of the millet planted sparsely were thick, the ears were not full, while the stalks of the millet planted densely were thinner, but the ears were full and the grains were full.In the end, he concluded that the "Book of Fansheng" was wrong, and the old farmer's experience was right, and the millet should be planted closely.Later, Jia Sixie wrote an agricultural book titled "Qi Min Yao Shu", which not only summarizes the effective agricultural production knowledge of the predecessors, but also summarizes the effective knowledge proved by his own experiments. agricultural production knowledge.This is a great agricultural work in Chinese history, which can be said to be the crystallization of practice. Shen Kuo, a politician and scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, was also a person who read a lot and was diligent in practice.He was born in a scholarly family, and his family has a large collection of books, including books on astronomy, geography, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, medicine, politics, economics, military affairs, literature, and art.Shen Kuo loved reading since he was a child, and he traveled in the ocean of books all day long without getting tired.By the age of 14, he had read all the books at home and accumulated a wealth of book knowledge.Later, when Shen Kuo became an official, he continued to study in his spare time, and carefully observed natural and social phenomena when he went out on inspections to verify the reliability of book knowledge.When he was a county magistrate in Ningguo County, Xuanzhou (now Ningguo, Anhui), he restored the polder (weiwei) fields that had been abandoned for many years based on book knowledge and local actual conditions, and built dikes around them to prevent flooding, making the polder fields year after year Get a good harvest.When he was an official in Sitianjian, he observed the sky every day and corrected the mistakes of the ancient star charts.Based on field investigations, he found sea shells under the ground in Hebei, and concluded that these places were originally seas, and it was the accumulation of silt from rivers flowing into the sea that they became land.In the northwest area, he found a kind of flammable oil floating on the surface of some rivers, thinking that it flowed from the cracks in the underground rocks, so he named it oil.Based on specific experiments, he believed that the compass pointed not to the south, but slightly to the east.He was the first person in the world to discover the geomagnetic declination, more than 400 years earlier than the discovery of Westerners.It is precisely because Shen Kuo studied hard, possessed a wealth of book knowledge, and was willing to pay attention to observing natural and social phenomena, that is, to verify book knowledge through practice, so he finally grew into a great scientist, known as the world history leader. A rare and outstanding person in the world. Zheng Qiao in the Southern Song Dynasty was both a historian and a naturalist. His father died when he was 16 years old. According to the rules of the feudal era, he had to observe filial piety for three years and was not allowed to take the imperial examination.So he made an appointment with his cousin Zheng Hou, and the two lived in seclusion on Jiaji (jiji) mountain (now northwest of Putian, Fujian Province) in their hometown, where they devoted themselves to studying.He reads a wide range of books, including books on astronomy, geography, biology, history, medicine, and languages.He is not satisfied with acquiring a little book knowledge from reading, and always tries his best to verify whether the knowledge in books is correct.When reading astronomy books, he observes the celestial phenomena and learns about the constellations in the sky one by one.If it is found that the records in the book do not match the actual celestial phenomena, mark it in the book and correct it.After reading biology books, he went to the fields and forests to collect trees, flowers and plants, and caught insects, birds and animals, and compared them with what was recorded in the books.If you find exotic flowers and plants and rare birds and monsters that are not recorded in the book, describe their images and make detailed records of their characteristics as a supplement to the book.For the animals and plants he didn't know, he went to ask farmers and hunters for advice until he figured it out.When Zheng Qiao was studying, he found that the catalogs of ancient books were very messy and difficult to find, so he compiled a new catalog by himself.For those ancient books that have been lost, he also needs to verify their original content and time of loss based on various materials.For two books with the same content, if the words and sentences are different from each other, he will collate them to determine who is right and who is wrong and the cause of the error.Zheng Qiao studied hard in the mountains for 30 years, and at the same time conducted research for 30 years, accumulating a lot of reliable knowledge from it.Later, using this reliable knowledge, he wrote fifty or sixty kinds of works with about a thousand volumes.The most famous "Tong Zhi" has 200 volumes, which is not only a history book, but also a natural history work, with rich content.Zheng Qiao's success does not depend solely on hard work, but also on down-to-earth practice.The road he walked is of great educational significance to future generations. Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, was born in a doctor's family.He was weak and sick since he was a child, and he liked to read medical books, especially herbal books about medicine.As early as in her childhood, Li Shizhen was not satisfied with learning about medicines from books, but liked to follow her father to the mountains to collect medicines, observe the conditions of herbs growing in the ground, and learn about the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds of various herbs. He drew pictures based on real objects, recorded their smells and tastes, and compared them with those recorded in books.The growing period, harvesting period, and how to process the herbs are carefully observed and detailed records are made, especially the curative effect of the patients after taking them is recorded in more detail.Li Shizhen studied very hard and was admitted as a scholar at the age of 14. However, due to various shortcomings in the imperial examination, he failed to pass the provincial examination three times after that.From then on, he stopped taking the road of taking the imperial examination, determined to practice medicine while studying, and collected medicine everywhere to collect information for revising the herbal scripts that recorded medicine.In the process of practicing medicine and collecting medicine, Li Shizhen visited farmers, fishermen, woodcutters, hunters, shepherd boys, miners, and handicraft workers in order to obtain authentic and reliable medicinal knowledge. He humbly asked them for advice, and at the same time helped them cure their diseases. relieve their pain.Due to reading and practice, Li Shizhen was quite skilled in medicine when she was in her 20s, and there was an endless stream of people seeking medical advice.The information he has collected is also considerable, laying a solid foundation for revising this cursive script.From the age of 34, Li Shizhen began to revise the cursive script. It took a total of 27 years, and finally compiled a masterpiece with 52 volumes, 1,892 kinds of medicine, 11,096 prescriptions, and 1,160 illustrations. It has become a world-famous medicine. scientist.The road that Li Shizhen traveled is a road that closely combines reading and practice. Xu Xiake, a traveler and geographer in the late Ming Dynasty, was born in a family of a big landlord. He had no worries about food and drink all his life, and had a lot of books to read.Xu Xiake liked to read widely since he was a child, especially books like geography and local chronicles.He learned from the book that China has magnificent mountains and rivers, and he made up his mind to visit those famous mountains and rivers in person and appreciate the wonderful scenery of the motherland. At the age of 22, Xu Xiake visited Taihu Lake near his hometown and wrote detailed travel notes.Since then, he has traveled far and wide every year.He has been to Zhejiang, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan and other provinces, and visited the places of interest, mountains and rivers there.At that time, the transportation was inconvenient and the roads were rough. Except for a few places with relatively convenient transportation, you could travel by horse-drawn carriage or wooden boat, and most places could only travel on foot.Xu Xiake didn't want to take the Yangguan Avenue, but preferred to trek along the rugged paths.Sometimes, he also climbed cliffs and climbed into caves where wild animals were infested, to experience the taste of hard adventure and explore the mysteries of nature.In a place without hotels and inns, after a day of running around during the day, I had to drink some spring water, eat some dry food at night, and curl up to rest by the cowpen in the pigsty.Xu Xiake didn't care about the hardships and hardships during the journey. After each trip, he would write detailed travel notes, recording the mountains and rivers, terrain, customs and products he saw along the way, as well as his own adventures.If there is a difference between the actual scene and the record in the book, it is especially necessary to describe it in detail to correct the misrecording in the book.After careful observation of those wonderful landscapes such as karst caves, stalagmites, and stalactites that are naturally formed, Xu Xiake also made an explanation that conforms to scientific principles.Xu Xiake traveled all his life and wrote 20 volumes.This is a very precious book. It not only records the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland, but also records the correct path that Xu Xiake walked by combining book knowledge with practice. Practice and artistic creation are also closely related. Whether a painter is painting figures, birds and beasts, or painting flowers and landscapes, he is required to be able to achieve both appearance and spirit. This requires not only learning painting theory, but also practicing in real life. Observe carefully, observation belongs to the category of practice.During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Li Guizhen, a painter of the Later Liang Dynasty (907-923 A.D.), was famous for his painting of tigers. Since he began to learn painting in his youth, he followed the correct path of not only learning theory but also observing real life.In order to draw tigers both in shape and in spirit, he kept imitating the tigers drawn by his predecessors, and carefully experienced the skills of his predecessors in coloring with pens. Later, he took dry food, paper and pens, risked his life, and went to the deep mountains where tigers often haunted. place, set up a shed on a tree, and observe live tigers.Whenever a tiger appeared, he seized the time and drew many sketches based on what he saw.After returning home, he bought another complete tiger skin, put it on his body, jumped up and down, carefully figured out the tiger's demeanor, movements and living habits, and then based on the sketches and experience, and referring to the works of predecessors, Various forms of tigers are carefully drawn.Because Li Guizhen is following the correct path of artistic creation, the tigers he painted can really resemble both in appearance and in spirit, which is praised by people as a masterpiece in the painting world.The opposite example of Li Guizhen is the joke made by Dai Song, a painter of the Tang Dynasty, when he painted cows.Cattle are common domestic animals, and Dai Song did not make detailed observations because they are common.Once, he drew a picture of a bullfight, in which the tails of two bulls fighting fiercely stood up high. He was ridiculed by a shepherd boy, saying that he was a layman, because when bulls were fighting, their tails always stood up. Clamped tightly between the two hind legs. The three types of people mentioned above: those who do not read much, but can make achievements in practice and contribute to the society, the country and the nation; A person; a person who has not only read a lot of books, but also can continuously summarize and improve in practice, make inventions and creations, and make great contributions to society, the country and the nation.Whether they become talents or not depends on whether they have practical ability.Real knowledge comes from practice, and only with the real knowledge gained from practice can one be regarded as a real talent.A person who has a lot of book knowledge but can't practice it is at best a bookcase or a bookcase with two legs.Courage to practice is the same as setting aspirations and studying diligently. You have to work hard on your own. No one else can replace you, nor can anyone force you to do it. Therefore, it is also the internal cause of a person's success.