Since ancient times, China has had two views on juveniles: one view is that "from ancient times heroes come out of youth".It is believed that great attention should be paid to young people, because heroes are often produced among them.They are the future of the country and the hope of the nation, and they must be cherished.Another view is that "without hair on the mouth, you can't do things well."It is believed that young people are not rich enough in knowledge and experience, they are sloppy in doing things, and they often make things go wrong, so they cannot be relied on.We must wait until they have grown beards, that is, after they have grown up, accumulated enough knowledge and experience, and can do things steadily, before we can rely on them.Two completely different views, which one is correct?The answer is naturally that the former is correct, while the latter is a one-sided view.It is true that some young people are sloppy, and they are more than brave enough to do things, but lack experience, so they can't do things well, and they may even do things badly.But this is not a common phenomenon. Most young people are self-motivated. If you leave things to them, as long as you give them guidance and guidance patiently in advance, they will still proceed cautiously. Even if they fail once or twice, they can continue Sum up experience and lessons in a timely manner, and finally get things done.Adults or old people with hair on their mouths are not always sure when they do things, and failure is inevitable, so we should not see that some young people can't do things well, and say that young people are unreliable .In fact, there is no necessary relationship between age and success in doing things.There are many people in Chinese history who became talented in their youth. Before the age of 18, there are quite a few people who have made achievements in politics, made great contributions in the defense of the country, or wrote popular literary works, or made scientific inventions; There are too many people who have made achievements in all aspects between the age of 25.Consider these examples below:

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi State and Lu State were close neighbors, Qi was strong and Lu was weak, and Qi State often bullied Lu State.Once, the state of Qi sent troops to attack the state of Lu, and the state of Lu was in danger, and many civil and military generals just fled for their lives.At this time, in order to save the fate of the country, the young Wang Ji (Yi Yi) stood up resolutely, regardless of his personal safety, and led his fellow villagers to a bloody battle with the Qi army in Langdi (now east of Yutai County, Shandong).In the end, although Wang Ji died on the battlefield, the Qi army was repelled, and the security of Lu was guaranteed.Although Wang Ji is young, he has made a feat of defending his family and the country, which shows that he is already a talented young man.Even Confucius, the ancestor of Confucianism, was greatly moved by Wang Ji's heroic spirit of defending the country. Young people who sacrifice their lives to protect the country should be treated exceptionally, and should not be collected hastily, but should be buried with grand ceremony.

During the Warring States period, Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and Qin often attacked each other.Qin Wang Yingzheng wanted to unify the whole of China. He first wanted to get the land of Zhao State to expand his country's Hejian (now Hebei Province), so he first reconciled with Yan State.Yan State sent Prince Dan to Qin State as a hostage, and Qin State sent Zhang Tang to Yan State as Prime Minister.At this time, Gan Luo, a 12-year-old boy from the state of Qin, volunteered to be a lobbyist in the state of Zhao, claiming that he could persuade the king of Zhao to donate the land near Hejian to Qin without a single soldier. country.Qin Wang really sent Gan Luo to Zhao Guo.After Gan Luo met King Zhao Xiang, he said, "Did you hear that Prince Dan of Yan went to Qin as a hostage?" King Zhao Xiang replied, "I heard." Is it true that Qin sent Zhang Tang to Yan to serve as Prime Minister?" King Zhao Xiang replied, "I heard about it." Gan Luo said, "Prince Yan of Yan entered Qin as a hostage, Qin Zhang Tang Xiang Yan, Qin and Yan The two countries are reconciled, and you Zhao State will be in great trouble." Zhao Xiangwang said: "What's going on?" Gan Luo said: "This matter is obvious. The purpose of the reconciliation between Qin State and Yan State is to I want to attack Zhao State and expand the land of Hejian. Your Majesty, why don’t you take the initiative to give the five cities near Hejian to Qin State, ask Qin State to release Prince Yan, and then go to attack Yan State together with Qin State.” King Zhao Xiang thought Gan Luo's statement made sense, so he really gave the five cities to Qin.The state of Qin also really released Crown Prince Dan of Yan, and broke off the reconciliation with the state of Yan.Soon, Zhao State sent troops to attack Yan State, and captured 30 cities in the Shanggu area of ​​Yan State (now central, northwest and western Hebei), and gave 11 of them to Qin State.Qin Wang Yingzheng thought that Gan Luo's diplomacy was very successful, and he got a lot of land without a single soldier, so he appointed Gan Luo, who was only 12 years old, to do it.The Warring States Period was a time when military force and resourcefulness were compared. Qin State used its own force and resourcefulness to seize the land of other countries. Although it was an act of bullying the weak by the strong, unification followed the trend of historical development. Annexation of the other six countries is inevitable.In the process of unification, the 12-year-old Gan Luo successfully completed his diplomatic mission without a single soldier and expanded Qin's territory. Although he relied on the powerful Qin State as his backing, it also shows that he is a great diplomatic talent.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Sima royal family fought against each other and the world was in chaos. Refugee uprisings broke out in many places. Some local warlords and bureaucrats who had military power or small arms also wanted to take advantage of the opportunity.A small bureaucrat named Du Zeng also took advantage of the chaos to raise troops, first occupied Jingzhou (the seat of the government is now Jiangling, Hubei), and then attacked Wancheng (now south of Jingmen County, Hubei).Although Xun Song, the defender of Wancheng, led the defenders to resist bravely, the disparity between the enemy and us was so great that the whole Wancheng was tightly surrounded, and the food in the city was decreasing day by day, and the situation was very critical.At this time, Xun Song's daughter, Xun Guan, who was only 13 years old, took the initiative to invite Ying, willing to lead a group of people to rush out of the siege and go to Shi Lan, the prefect of Xiangcheng (in today's Henan Province), to ask for rescue soldiers.In desperation, Xun Song agreed to let his beloved daughter have a try.Xun Guan selected dozens of shrewd and strong soldiers. On a dark and stormy night, they unexpectedly broke through the enemy's encirclement. around.Xun Guan is not only a young man, but also a girl, who dares to take on heavy responsibilities in times of crisis.

In the early years of Liu Song (420-479 A.D.) in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a man named Zong Que [que Que] who, since he was a child, made up his mind to "ride the long wind and break the thousands of miles of waves".When he was 14 years old, his elder brother Zong Mi got married, and because of his extravagance, he attracted robbers.That night, more than a dozen robbers came to rob with open fire and sticks.Others were so scared that they hid in the house and shivered, while Zongxi bravely fought against the robbers with the broadsword that he usually practiced in martial arts.When he knocked down several robbers, the officers and soldiers arrived after hearing the news and wiped out the robbers.Later, Zongxi became a general when he was less than 20 years old.When fighting Linyi (now central and southern Vietnam) in Lingnan, he used fake lions to break the enemy's elephant formation and made great contributions to the country.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Kingdom in the north sent troops to the south in a large scale, entered Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), and destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty.Zhao Gou, the clan prince of the Song Dynasty, fled to the south of the Yangtze River and established the Southern Song Dynasty.But the Jin soldiers continued to go south, and the Southern Song Dynasty regime was in a precarious state.At this time, a young man with outstanding martial arts, Yue Fei, joined the anti-golden army.Not long after he joined the army, he captured the general Tuoba Yewu of the Jin Army alive in battle, and stabbed King Heifeng with a gun, causing the Jin Army to suffer a heavy blow.Later, Yue Fei became more and more courageous as he fought more and more, defeating Wu Shu, the leader of the Jin Army many times, and accumulated rich combat experience.Yue Fei's adopted son, Yue Yun, traveled to various places with his father when he was 12 years old, and made repeated military exploits with his courage and courage.Yue Fei and Yue Yun became the core of the Yue Family Army.When Jin Bing saw the big banner of the Yue Family Army, he was terrified, lamenting that "it is easy to shake the mountains, but it is difficult to shake the Yue Family Army".Just when Yue Fei and his son led the Yue family army to win the great victory in Zhuxian Town, and when they were about to recover Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, the traitor Qin Hui killed Yue Fei and his son with the acquiescence of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou.Yue Fei was only 39 years old when he died, and Yue Yun was only 23 years old when he died.Although they sacrificed, their heroic deeds of defending their home and country and killing the enemy will always be passed down to future generations. The father and son are worthy of being a model of the success of young people in ancient China.

During the reign of Kublai Khan in the Yuan Dynasty, he appointed 13-year-old An Tong as his personal bodyguard.Once, Kublai Khan defeated his younger brother Ali Boke who was competing with him for power, and captured more than a thousand soldiers under Ali Boke.At that time, he was in a moment of extreme anger, so he ordered that all the more than a thousand soldiers should be executed.An Tong listened to it and quickly stopped it.He said: "It is their duty for the people under brother Aribu to serve their masters. For these people, we should win over them and let them change their families and serve His Majesty. They will be grateful, reform their mistakes, and be as loyal as before. Ali is not as loyal to His Majesty as brother. If you kill them, who will dare to abandon the old and seek new ones, separate from the enemy camp, and come to join His Majesty?" Kublai Khan heard that An Tong made sense, and adopted it His opinion really got the support of more people.An Tong later had many outstanding performances. When he was just 17 years old, Kublai Khan appointed him Prime Minister You.An Tong became the youngest prime minister in Chinese history after Gan Luo, who was Shangqing at the age of 12.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, when the Qing army marched southward, the ethnic suppression policy of "keep the head but not the hair, keep the hair but not the head" aroused strong resistance from the Han people in the south of the Yangtze River.Among the anti-Qing troops was a young man named Xia Wanchun from Songjiang County (now part of Shanghai).He was originally a scholar who loved literature and wrote good poems. In order to show his loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and defend his own right to life, he resolutely joined the Anti-Qing Rebel Army and fought against the Qing Army.After the defeat and capture, Hong Chengchou persuaded him to surrender.Not only did he not surrender, but he also scolded Hong Chengchou as a soft bone without national integrity.He wrote a suicide note to his family in prison, claiming that he had done his duty as a man by dying for the country.He was 17 years old when he was killed.Xia Wanchun fought bravely against national oppression, which shows that he has national integrity, and the many excellent poems and proses he left behind can also show that he is quite accomplished in literature.A person like him is really a rare young talent.

If we say that most of the above are generals and counselors who grew up in the turbulent war years, as long as they are strong and courageous, they can make great achievements and be famous forever.Well, here can also mention many young people who have made achievements in politics or cultural undertakings during the stable period of the country. During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty Liu Heng (179 BC-156 BC), Chunyu Yi, a famous doctor who served as the magistrate of Taicang (now Taicang County, Jiangsu Province), violated the criminal law and was escorted to Chang'an, the capital city, to suffer corporal punishment.At that time, corporal punishment included tattooing on the face, cutting off the nose, cutting off the left (right) toe, etc., all of which were crippling tortures.Chunyu Yi's youngest daughter, Chunyu Tiying, is only in her teens, and she is determined to accompany her father to Beijing to plead for him.After she arrived in Chang'an, she wrote to Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty, claiming that her father had excellent medical skills and that he should continue to serve the people instead of being disabled.She is willing to sell herself to the government as a slave to atone for her father.At the same time, she pointed out that corporal punishment is cruel and inappropriate, saying that it cripples people for life and cuts off the way for people to reform themselves, so it should be abolished.Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty felt that Tiying's spirit of pleading for her father was commendable, especially her criticism of the cruelty of corporal punishment was very reasonable, so he ordered Chunyuyi to be exempted from the crime and cruel corporal punishment, so that those who violated the criminal law would no longer be punished. Cut off the nose, cut off the toes and other punishments that lead to lifelong disability.The brave behavior of Ti Ying, a small and weak woman, actually brought about a major change in the criminal law in ancient China, which is really a great merit.

Cao Zhi of the Wei State during the Three Kingdoms period is a familiar figure.He is the son of Cao Cao. He has loved literature since he was about 10 years old. He has read many poems and Fu. He is good at poetry and prose. It is said that he can compose poems in seven steps.In his youth, he had written many popular poems and became a well-known and beloved poet. "Cooking beans burns Osmunda [qiqi], and the beans are weeping in the cauldron. They grow from the same root, so why is it too urgent to fry each other?" It is his famous poem. In the poem, the behavior of brothers killing each other is deeply ironic and sincere. advise.Xie Lingyun commented that there is only one stone [dan dan] in the world of literature, and Cao Zhi alone won eight buckets.This shows how remarkable his achievements in literature are.

The Tang Dynasty was the golden age in the history of Chinese literature, and there were many young poets.Wang Bo, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, was able to write poems and compositions at the age of six.When I was nine years old, I read Yan Shigu's "Hanshu Notes" and wrote an article entitled "Flaws", pointing out many mistakes in Yan's notes. At the age of 15, Liu Xiangdao, the Prime Minister of the Right, was patrolling the pass, and he wrote a letter to himself.Liu Xiangdao marveled that he had met a child prodigy, and wrote a letter to recommend him to Tang Gaozong.Tang Gaozong took the face-to-face examination, and Wang Bo answered calmly. He was deeply loved by Tang Gaozong and was awarded an official position.The poems written by Wang Bo have a profound artistic conception and a fresh style. "A confidant in the sea is like a neighbor at the end of the world" is his immortal famous line.His famous article "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng" is also a masterpiece that has been recited through the ages.Wang Bo was only 28 years old when he died, and all his achievements were achieved in his youth.The late Tang Dynasty poet Han Xie [wo Wo] could write poems at the age of 10.Not only ordinary people read his poems, but also his uncle Li Shangyin, a great poet at that time, also appreciated his poems very much. He thought that this nephew surpassed himself. Candles move love. Tonghua Wanli Danshan Road, the young phoenix is ​​as clear as the old phoenix." In the early period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the society was relatively stable, and there were a large number of accomplished scholars at that time, many of whom became talents in their youth.Yang Yi, a famous writer and historian, was a rare hairy boy in ancient China, although he was born with some abnormalities.But his intelligence is not low, and even surpassed ordinary people.As soon as he learned to speak, he could recite Confucian classics such as "Shangshu" under his mother's dictation. He was able to write articles at the age of seven. At the age of 11, he was ordered by Song Taizong to go to Beijing to take the exam. post.When he went to the hall to thank him, the secretary could not find a robe for a child like him, so he had to make a set for him impromptu.Go to the Hanlin Academy to take the exam at the age of 18, and you will be granted a Jinshi background.Later, he participated in the compilation of "Cefu Yuangui" and became the main author of this famous book in Chinese history.Yan Shu, a famous politician and poet, was able to write articles at the age of seven. At the age of 12, he was recommended by Zhang Zhibai, the pacifier in the south of the Yangtze River, to take the Jinshi examination.In the competition with more than a thousand scholars who were much older than him, he was not stage frightened. He wrote quickly when he got the topic, and the article was completed in one go. One of the youngest Jinshi.Later, he continued to study and write hard, became a famous poet at that time, and has been a prime minister in his official career.When he was prime minister, he promoted Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and other young people with ambitions and achievements to participate in the government and made contributions to the Qingming politics in the early Northern Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the literary form of poetry had declined, and there were not many successful poets.However, in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, there was also a young poet Su Fu, who was able to write poems at the age of eight and took the prodigy exam. The examiner thought he was too young and told him to go home and study for a few more years before taking the exam.But the poems he wrote at that time were quite mature.He wrote 30 "Yueyue" quatrains, describing the moon from the first day to the 30th, and each capital can describe the characteristics of the moon at that night. There are no doubts about the sun and the dark, but there is nowhere to be seen clearly, just like the innate Taiji map." "Fifteen Night Moon" wrote: "It's half a moon in the sky and in the world, and it's a happy mid-autumn moon. I hope it will be like this in four seasons, and the sun will shine in Liuhe It’s all the same.” Poems like this are both scenery and lyrical, and they also have a bit of philosophy, so they can’t be written without a certain degree of literary accomplishment.If you don't say that this is a poem written by the young Su Fu and ask people to guess, I am afraid that everyone will mistakenly think that it is written by a great poet.Su Fu was only 14 years old when he died. Although he had no achievements other than poetry, his poems have been handed down through the ages and will be recited forever by future generations, which shows that he has made great achievements in literature. Some people may say that the living environment of the Han people living in the Central Plains is relatively superior, and their culture has always been developed, so it is easier for young people to become talents, while the ethnic minorities living in the surrounding areas have a more difficult environment and less developed culture, so it is very difficult for young people to become talents. .In fact, this statement is one-sided.An Tong, the young prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty mentioned earlier, was a Mongolian.If you push it further, at least since the Jin Dynasty, you can cite many young talents among ethnic minorities.Among the Sixteen Kingdoms, Liu Yuan, who founded the former Zhao, was a Hun.He was eager to learn since he was a child, and he knew that if he wanted to compete in the Central Plains, he must learn the Confucian culture of the Han people well, so he worshiped Cui You, a member of the Shangdang Party, as his teacher, and learned Confucian classics such as "Shangshu", "Shangshu" and so on.He especially likes to read "Zuo Zhuan" and "Sun Wu Art of War", and also read "Historical Records" and "Hanshu". He became a very knowledgeable person in his youth.Later, he concentrated his energy on learning martial arts, proficient in riding and shooting, and his martial arts skills were outstanding, so he was able to gallop on the battlefield, and finally established the former Zhao regime.Shi Le, the founder of Later Zhao, was a member of Jie Jie.He experienced many hardships in his youth and worked as a servant and serf, but he worked hard to learn martial arts, secretly contacted people with lofty ideals, started with eight horses, first joined Liu Yuan and Liu Cong, and made great contributions to the former Zhao Li.Later, he set up his own family and established the post-Zhao regime.Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor, was a member of the Di tribe.He is a loser in China and has always been regarded as a villain in history.In fact, he had great ambitions when he was young, and he was willing to study hard. He was known for his erudition and talents, and his ability to help the country and the world.When he was young, he became the former Emperor of Qin Dynasty. He was also very successful in politics and had the ambition to unify the whole of China.His failure was due to encountering a strong opponent and making many fatal mistakes in the use of troops.But we cannot deny his achievements just because he failed later. During the coexistence of Song, Liao and Jin, the Liao Kingdom established by the Khitan people and the Jin Kingdom established by the Jurchens also had many literati, bachelors and heroes who became talented young people.Yelubei, the eldest son of Yelu Abaoji, the founding emperor of the Liao Kingdom, was originally qualified to inherit the throne.He admired Han culture since he was a child, read a lot of books, and was able to write poems in Chinese, so he became a talent very early.Later, due to court conflicts, his throne was taken away by his second brother Yelu Deguang, so he had to wander to the Central Plains, where he changed his name to Li Zanhua and started literary creation.He is a political loser, but his failure cannot deny that he is a historical figure who grew up as a teenager.Yelu Shucheng, who lived in the Xingzong period of Liao Dynasty, was eager to learn since he was a child, and he could not forget reading books. He was proficient in Khitan and Chinese, and was especially good at writing poems.He was ordered to translate medical books in Chinese and spread the knowledge of Chinese medicine to the Khitan people.According to the laws and ceremonies in Chinese, the laws of Khitan were revised.These were all accomplished when he was a teenager, and he is worthy of being a typical example of a teenager becoming a talent. Yuan Haowen of the Kingdom of Jin was a descendant of the Xianbei people.He studied diligently since he was a child, and was able to write poems at the age of seven. He was a teacher at the age of 14 with Hao Jinqing.He didn't want to pass the imperial examination to become an official, but only wanted to achieve academically.After six years of hard work, at the age of 20, he finally became a scholar and poet who covered a hundred schools of classics and history. In the Qing Dynasty, there were many young people who became talents.Nurhachi, the founder of Houjin in the Qing Dynasty and later honored as the Qing Taizu, was a hero of the Manchus.He had great ambitions when he was young. In order to avenge his grandfather and father, he started his business with 13 sets of armor. When he was young, he unified the various ministries of the Jurchen, and the founding of the country was proclaimed Khan. There are many, many more examples like the one above.These examples of the success of teenagers in ancient China are not without encouragement for today's teenagers.This book is dedicated to telling stories about the growth of young people in ancient China, telling the external and internal reasons for their success, and summarizing their growth experience and lessons, hoping to provide some reference and inspiration for today's young people.

---

Notes: