Chapter 7 Chapter 3 Taoism in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, wars continued, and there were not a few days of peace.The emperor and the warlords with military power killed people without blinking an eye.Intellectuals, even those who have squeezed into the ruling class, feel the crisis of the times and live in trembling.Get up in the morning, touch your neck, the head is still growing on it, who knows if it will fall off at night?They no longer want to be a good official and help the emperor govern the people.If you still regard this as your ideal and aspiration in life, then you are really a fool!Live one day, enjoy one day, count one day!Therefore, many people in the scholar-bureaucrat class live in idyllic ways, enjoy themselves in time, and even indulge in extravagance and indulgence.Some people went to Laozi and Zhuangzi to find spiritual sustenance, read and talked about Laozi and Zhuangzi, quiet and inaction, conforming to nature, detached from the world, became a fashionable topic at that time.In real life, we have to be resigned and go with the flow.Life is uncomfortable, so I have no choice but to comfort myself with the profound philosophy of Lao Zhuang.

The more this is the case, the more I feel that life is precious.Zhuangzi's knowledge is very good, but he regards life and death as the same thing, which is unbelievable.It seems that one morning, when everyone woke up, they suddenly remembered the preciousness of life, so they wrote poems and Fu to express their emotions.What "morning dew" and "gold and stone" are all popular terms.The dew in the morning disappears when the sun shines, which is a metaphor for the short life.Things like metals and ores can withstand the passing of time, but unfortunately, "life is not as solid as gold and stone"!Find a way to live a few more days!Many people pay attention to various ways of keeping in good health.Some people imagine that if the properties of gold and stone are transferred to the human body, the body will probably become as indestructible as gold and stone.So many people look for various minerals to eat. The most famous one is "Wu Shi San", which is a prescription made of mineral stone medicines such as red stone fat and amethyst.

In this climate of the times, the development of Taoism was naturally affected.Of course, the result of Taoism catering to fashion has also further promoted the atmosphere of the times. Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao, received preferential treatment, and became a high official.Many people in the bureaucratic class followed Taoism, and the Five Dou of Rice Taoism spread among them.For example, Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty, belonged to a rich and powerful family who had been officials for generations. Several generations of ancestors believed in the five buckets of rice, probably since the Han and Wei Dynasties.The name of Wu Dou Mi Dao was very vulgar, so it was discontinued and changed to Tianshi Dao.

In the lower class of society, tens of thousands of Wudoumi Daomin households moved north with Zhang Lu.Taipingdao was on the verge of death due to severe suppression, so Wudoumidao took the opportunity to expand its power.Many original ordinary believers developed a group of people after entering the mainland, and they proclaimed themselves Jijiu.There are also people who become powerful and proclaim themselves celestial masters.Many of the Taoism spread among the people participated in the peasant uprising at that time. Cao Cao himself has some fairy thoughts.But I don't really believe in Zhang Lu's five buckets of rice.He surrendered Zhang Lu and tolerated the survival of the five buckets of rice, all out of political considerations.In fact, he adopted a two-handed policy of using and restricting Taoism.Cao Cao also once summoned some influential gods and alchemists to his side, the main purpose was to control them, fearing that they would encourage the common people to rebel.According to Cao Zhi's "Dian Dao Lun", people like Zuo Ci, Gan Shi, and Xi [xi Xi] Jian were all "gathered and banned" by Cao Cao.In the novel, it is described that Zuo Ci used illusion to tease Cao Cao, and finally made him sick from fright, which was processed and compiled based on some historical facts.

The way of heavenly masters spread among the bureaucratic aristocrats and scholar-bureaucrats had more contact with immortal alchemists.lead to further convergence of the two.Taoist thinkers like Ge Hong came into being.