Chapter 4 The third section of Wudou rice road and "Laozi Xianger Notes"

The Taipingdao Uprising took place in February of the first year of Zhongping (AD 184).In July of the same year, Zhang Xiu led the Wudou Midao uprising in Hanzhong area to respond.The five-dou rice road is also called the rice road and the ghost road. It is named after people who enter the Tao must produce five buckets of rice. It is also a folk Taoist force that emerged at the same time as the Taiping Tao. According to the traditional Taoism, Zhang Daoling is the founder of the five buckets of rice.But according to historical records, Zhang Xiu should also be one of the early leaders. He was later killed by Zhang Lu, the grandson of Zhang Daoling.After Zhang Lu seized the leadership of Wudou Mi Dao, he made many improvements and adjustments, which further expanded its power. As a result, he was able to establish his own separatist regime in the Hanzhong area and compete with the central rulers of the Central Plains area for 30 years. Long.At that time, the imperial court was too busy to take care of itself and had no strength to attack him.Until Cao Cao's expedition to Bashu, he saw that he could not resist, so he surrendered to Cao Cao, got an official reward, and his status was still very prominent.Zhang Lu followed Cao Cao to the mainland, and tens of thousands of households of Wudoumi Daoist were scattered and resettled by Cao Cao to Chang'an (now Xi'an), Luoyang, Yecheng (now Anyang North, Henan) and other places.So the five buckets of rice began to spread in the mainland again.The Five Dou Rice Road organization takes "rules" as the unit, and there were originally 24 governances in the Bashu Han Dynasty.The Celestial Master is the supreme leader, and each government establishes a magistrate, and sacrifices wine to lead the believers.Although the names of its leaders at all levels are special, the organizational system is completely modeled on the bureaucratic system at that time, which is quite strict.

The religious activities of Wudoumi Road are roughly similar to those of Taiping Road, but it also has its own distinctive characteristics in some aspects.There is a special name for new believers, called "ghost soldier".After becoming the backbone of the organization, give him command of some new believers, and he becomes a "sacrificial wine".Jijiu is also responsible for setting up "yishe" at the intersection of main roads, preparing rice and meat dishes for passers-by.Pedestrians are free to take and eat, but it is enough to eat when the stomach is full, not too much, otherwise, disaster will be caused.

The book "Dian Lue" also records that Zhang Xiu developed the Five Dou Rice Dao organization in Hanzhong, and he also used the means of curing diseases for the masses to preach. His method and content were roughly the same as Zhang Jiao's.When someone is sick, let him confess to God and ask God for forgiveness.There is a special clean room called "quiet room", which is used as a place for patients to confess.The sacrificial wine is also responsible for praying to God for the sick.Wudou Midao believes in the gods of the "three officials" of heaven, earth and water.When praying and pleading guilty, you should write the "three officials' handwriting", that is, write down the patient's name and the meaning of the patient's willingness to plead guilty, in triplicate, put them on the mountain, bury them in the soil, and throw them into the water, expressing to the three officials of heaven, earth and water.The sacrificial wine also leads the believers to recite the book "Lao Tzu" and is responsible for explaining it.

The book "Laozi Xianger Zhu" handed down is the record of the explanation of "Laozi" by the five buckets of rice offering sacrifices.Its nature is similar to the "Taiping Jing", and it also advocates that believers work hard to practice Taoism and "settle their positions" in order to achieve the ideal of "governing the country and making peace".It also talks about the induction between heaven and man.However, "Xiang Er Zhu" opposed the statement in "Taiping Jing" that immortality has destiny, and emphasized that as long as one works hard, one can become immortal.This will naturally attract believers more and expand its influence. "Xiang Er Zhu" talks about many methods of cultivating Taoism, and requires believers to abide by the Taoist commandments such as loyalty, filial piety and integrity, doing good deeds and accumulating virtue. The door opened wide.

Many of the explanations in "Laozi Xianger Notes" are far-fetched and played arbitrarily.Sometimes even the original text has been changed.For example, there is a sentence in "Lao Tzu": "Zai Ying soul embraces one, can there be no separation?" It means: "Spirit and body are one, can they not be separated?" And "Xiang Er Zhu" explains: "A loose form is Qi, and a gathered form is the Supreme Lord", he often lives in Kunlun Mountains.Later, the Taoist saying "one qi transforms three cleanses" came from here.Another example is the words in "Laozi" that "Kong De's appearance, but the way is to follow", here "Kong De" means "great virtue", but "Xiang Er Zhu" deliberately misinterpreted "Kong" as Confucius, Said: "Tao is very great, teach Confucius to know it; later generations don't understand literature, but read Confucius books, thinking that it is supreme..." It means that Tao and Confucius are the relationship between teacher and student, but later people got it upside down , do not believe in Taoist scriptures, only respect the books of Confucius, thinking that only the books of Confucius are supreme.Here, in order to promote Taoism and Confucianism, we do not hesitate to misinterpret the original text.Many later Taoist books followed its example, and used the name of explaining Taoist works to explain their own set of Taoist theories.