Chapter 30 Chapter 6: Stone Scriptures Beyond the Seven Dynasties

In addition to the above-mentioned stone scriptures of the seven dynasties, there are also the following types of stone scriptures that have been inscribed or not.As the knowledge about the stone scriptures, it also needs to be introduced. According to "Book of Jin·Pei Wei [Wei False] Biography" (attached to "Pei Xiu Biography"): The word Yimin, Hong Ya has far-sightedness, erudite knowledge of ancient times, and has been well-known since he was young... Emperor Hui ascended the throne, turned the son of the state to sacrifice wine, and was also the general of the right army... Tired and moved to the servant.At that time, the world was in peace for a while, playing Chinese studies, carving stones and writing scriptures.

Although the "Book of Jin" has such words, there are no specific records about "carving stones" and "writing scriptures", and no unearthed steles or incomplete characters have ever been found in history.Therefore, the predecessors suspected that Pei Xi might have proposed engraving scriptures at that time, but failed to realize it. The Northern Wei Dynasty once published stone scriptures, but they were completely destroyed in a short time.According to the "Book of Southern Qi Biography of Wei Lu": Buddha Beaver (Tuobatao, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty)...The west of Jieping City (now Datong, Shanxi) is the palace city,...the city is seven miles southwest of Baideng Mountain, and the father and ancestor temple is set up beside the mountain...Three miles west of the city are carved stone scriptures and its "National Records".In Ye, sixty aragonite house foundations were taken from Shihu (later Zhao Zhu in the Sixteen Kingdoms), all of which were more than ten feet long for listening.

Judging from this record, the Northern Wei Dynasty did indeed work on stone scriptures, or at least started work on them.But why is there no word left in the world?Some information disclosed in the following records can help us make a more reasonable guess. Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty had a very important minister and a scholar named Cui Hao.He was commissioned to comment on scriptures. "Northern History Cui Hao Biography" (attached to "Cui Hong Biography") says: Hao also published "Wuyin Yuanli", which said: In the first year of Emperor Taizong's accession to the throne (the first year of Yongxing, Tuobasi, Emperor Ming and Yuan, 409 AD), the edict explained "First Aid Chapter", "Book of Filial Piety", "Poetry", "Shangshu", "Spring and Autumn", "Book of Rites", and "Book of Changes" were completed in three years.

But then Cui Hao was killed because he offended the emperor by accidentally writing the history of the country. "Cui Hao Biography" has the following description: In the second year of Shenzhu [jiajia, Gonglu] (the year of Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, AD 429), the imperial edict gathered all the literati to record the "Book of the Kingdom".Hao and his younger brother Lan, Gao Yan [Dang Dang], Deng Ying, Chao Ji, Fan Heng, Huang Fu and others participated in the work, and narrated 30 volumes of "Book of the Kingdom".The author ordered Shi Taiyuan Minkan and Zhaojun Qie (qieqie) to flatter Shi Hao, so he asked to erect a stone inscription and contain the "Book of Guo" to show the straight writing, and Le Hao's commentary on the Five Classics, Hao agreed, Jing Mu (Tuo Batao's eldest son, Tuobahuang, was established as a prince at the age of five. He was good at classics and history.Then camped three miles east of Tianjiao, with a distance of one hundred steps ("Wei Shu·Cui Hao Biography" is written as "a hundred and thirty steps"), and the effort is three million.Hao's "Book of the Kingdom" is well-prepared but not classic (deeds are detailed, but not good-looking), and the stone inscription is displayed on the Qulu, and the northerners are aware of the poison of anger, and build Hao Yudi with him (the stone tablet stands on the main road, and Xianbei people are very familiar with it) Annoyed, speak ill of Cui Hao to the emperor together).The emperor was furious, so there was a case officer, Hao, who took the consent of hundreds of people from the secretary Lang and Changli, and Hao accepted the money (begging, accepting bribes).In June of the eleventh year of Zhenjun (Emperor Taiwu's reign title "Taiping Zhenjun") (450 A.D.), Zhu Hao.The Cui family in Qinghe has no distance, and the Lu family in Fanyang, the Guo family in Taiyuan, and the Liu family in Hedong are all Hao's in-laws.

The description in "Wei Shu·Cui Hao Biography" is similar.Based on this, it can be inferred that the Northern Wei Dynasty indeed published the scriptures annotated by Cui Hao together with the "Book of Guo".However, because Cui Hao's "National History" was not well written, he probably wrote some secrets about the Xianbei people, especially the Tuoba family who did not want others to know. It was the "straight pen" mentioned above, which offended the emperor and killed him. Exterminate the family, and even implicate relatives and subordinates.It is conceivable that the scripture steles he annotated will never be preserved, and must have been completely destroyed together with the "Book of the Kingdom" stele that was "prepared but not coded".Therefore, none of the stone scriptures of the Northern Wei Dynasty have survived, and there is no record of which scriptures were engraved at that time.However, we can infer that the inscriptions should not be in addition to the commentaries on the scriptures that were quoted in the "Cui Hao Zhuan" as saying "three years to complete".

According to "Ming Yi Tong Zhi", the second stele of Jin Guozi's study is in the south of the old Yancheng.But nothing was seen.Doubtful. In the Ming Dynasty, there was no unified publication of stone scriptures in Guozijian.There are several kinds of stone carvings in Nanjing and Beijing, all of which are made by officials.There are: In the second year of Wanli of Ming Shenzong (AD 1574), Taipu Temple engraved a piece of "Shangshu · Jiong Ming" and placed it in the government office.In the Wanli period, Cai Yizhong engraved "Notes on the Classic of Filial Piety" and placed it in the Imperial College of Beijing.In the third year of Ming Xi Zong Tianqi (1623 A.D.), Jin Weiji, the prime minister of the Imperial College, engraved the "Book of Filial Piety" written by Yu Shinan, a Tang Dynasty man.Also, an article on "University" published by Nanjing Guozijian was placed in Nanjian.It is said that two stone inscriptions of "Book of Filial Piety" are still preserved in the Museum of Chinese History in Beijing.

In addition to the aforementioned seven stone scriptures, the recorded stone scriptures are mainly these.