Chapter 4 Section 3 Chui Wan (Golf)

Golf is a very popular sport in the world today.This kind of physical activity is carried out in a natural scenery, with green grassy fields under your feet, the mirror-like lake water gently rippling in the breeze, and the vast sky above your head is as blue as the sea. Baiyun is pacing leisurely, there is no hustle and bustle of the city and the noise of modern society, only fresh air and quiet hills.It is in such an environment that people enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature while swinging golf balls. This kind of sport can cultivate people's temperament, restore physical strength and relax spirit, so it attracts thousands of people. fans.Some Western sports historians believe that golf originated in Scotland, while others believe that it originated in the Netherlands.Do people who enjoy golf on the golf course today know that the real source of this western sport that makes them so obsessed is in China in the East. As early as 1,000 years ago in the Song Dynasty, China already had the game of golf. Its Chinese name is "Chui Wan".

The appearance of "Chui Wan" is closely related to the ball games popular in Tang Dynasty.In addition to playing polo on horseback with a club in the Tang Dynasty, there was also a ball game played on foot with a club called "step playing".This step play is very similar to today's hockey.In the Song Dynasty, the ball hitting game developed further, and the ball hitting game "Chuiwan" appeared. "Wan" refers to a ball, and "Chuiwan" means hitting a ball with a stick. This is the earliest golf ball.By the Yuan Dynasty, Chui Wan had become a very mature sport.From Yuan Shizu to Yuan 19th year (AD 1282), there appeared a book written by Ning Zhi who was devoted to chuiwan——"Wan Jing", which is probably the earliest monograph on golf in the world.In this 32-chapter book, the author traces the development history of chuiwan, explains the venues, equipment, competition rules, and various striking methods and tactics of chuiwan, and especially emphasizes the morality of sports. , is really a rare and precious historical material.

The place where chuiwan is played is generally an open field with terrain changes and unevenness.Dig some ball sockets similar to today's golf holes on the field, and put colorful flags next to the ball sockets as marks. production.Modern golf has a variety of clubs, some are used for long shots, some are suitable for close shots, and some are easy to make the ball fly high and cross ponds and streams.Chuiwan also has different types of bats, such as: "撺章", "气条", "打条", for people to choose under different conditions and hit different balls.The manufacture of the bat is also very particular. The material for the hitting end is made of autumn and winter trees, beef tendon and beef glue, and the handle is made of strong and thick southern bamboo.There are also certain requirements for the time of making bats. It should be in the sunny spring and summer, because at this time various materials are easily combined firmly, and then finely scraped and ground to make a composite bat. Hand durable bat.The number of people participating in the competition can be more or less, and the competitions have corresponding different names according to the number of people. Those with 10 or nine people are called "General Assembly", those with seven or eight people are called "Zhonghui", and those with five or six people are called "General Assembly". Xiaohui", three or four people are called "one friend", and only two people are called "single pair".In team games, each team uses balls of different colors; in individual games without teams, each player uses balls of different colors to prevent confusion.The player who hits the ball into the socket with the least number of strokes wins.Chui Wan has various complex striking methods, such as standing up with a stick, squatting with a spoon, and standing or squatting with a stick.Different terrains, grounds, and positions have corresponding different hitting methods. For example, if the surface is hard, you should hit the ball with reduced force, otherwise it is easy to hit the ball far away, while on loose soil, you should hit harder.The basic game method is: draw a one-foot-square flat ground on the field, and remove tiles, gravel, and weeds.This is the "ball base", and the first shot must be hit with the ball in the base.Subsequent strokes are continued where the ball came to rest without re-basement.The ball must be hit, instead of picking, pulling, pushing, chopping, pocketing, scraping, scooping, sweeping, and grinding.There are various strict regulations on immoral behaviors in the chuiwan competition. For example, you cannot add soil or make pits to block the progress of other people's balls, you cannot hinder others from hitting the ball, you cannot move the position of the ball casually, you cannot change the bat during the game, and you are not allowed to give it to others. Indicate terrain and more.

The health-promoting effect of chuiwan is obvious. As it is said in the "Wan Jing", when chuiwan needs to examine the dryness, wetness, softness and hardness of the field in order to set the ball base for hitting the ball, and win the game according to the roughness and unevenness of the terrain. The way to do this is to pull the elbow and dribble the stick, hit the ball into the socket, and don't be anxious or impetuous.Therefore, this kind of physical activity can not only give people a good mood, but also make the blood flow and the limbs comfortable.Because of this, Ning Zhi, at the age of 80, is still in good health and has a clear mind, and wrote this masterpiece of ancient golf.

Like other traditional Chinese sports, the Chuiwan game also puts the education of moral character in a very important position. The victory or defeat is secondary. To achieve "win or lose, keep your mind on it", self-cultivation is the real essence of the game. Purpose.Therefore, in the game of Chui Wan, one should be friendly to people and speak kindly, and not be arrogant and superficial because of superb skills.Although everyone is equal and similar in the competition, the order of seniority and inferiority cannot be disordered.The body should be comfortable, the manner should be dignified, don't talk about others on the court, gossip; don't be proud of repeated victories, and not angry after repeated defeats; the heart should be calm, the will should be peaceful, the breath should be gentle, the body should be comfortable and calm Dignified, concise language ("Pan Jing").

The emergence of chuiwan is obviously directly related to the development of the city and the requirements of citizens' entertainment culture.This activity is very popular.Zhou Lujing, a man of the Ming Dynasty, discovered during his travels that many people in the city were proficient in this sport.The chuiwan activity is also favored by the upper class. The dignitaries, literati, and even ladies like to use chuiwan to relieve boredom after drinking and eating.There are also many feudal emperors who are obsessed with this game, such as Song Huizong, Jin Zhangzong, Ming Xuanzong and so on.

After the development and prosperity of the Chuiwan movement in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, it declined in the Qing Dynasty because the Manchu nobles did not like this sport.Later, modern golf started in Scotland. Some people infer that it was introduced from China's Chuiwan in the Yuan Dynasty.