Chapter 10 Chapter Nine: The Crystallization of the Blending of Cultures of Various Ethnic Groups

The ancient Chinese culture was jointly created by the Han nationality and other fraternal nationalities.Similarly, a considerable part of the scenic spots and historic sites across the country embodies the wisdom of ancient people of all nationalities. Since the Tang Dynasty, Tibet has maintained a "nephew and uncle" relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Songtsan Gampo, the leader of Tubo, married Princess Wencheng.During Zhongzong's reign, Princess Jincheng married Shozanpu, a Tubo abandoner.These two marriages brought Han and Tang culture into Tibet on a large scale.Lhasa still preserves many relics.

Built according to Princess Wencheng's suggestion, the existing area is about 21,500 square meters. It is still a Tang Dynasty building more than 1,000 years ago, and the central part of the hall still maintains its original style.The main hall, Jue Lakang Hall, is dedicated to the purple gold statue of Sakyamuni who was brought by Princess Wencheng from Chang'an when he was 12 years old.In the side hall on the second floor, there are statues of Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng. The hall and the surrounding corridors are covered with murals. historical picture.Inside the wall of the Jokhang Temple, there is also a stele of the alliance between Tang and Tubo's uncles and nephews.The stele was erected in the third year of Tang Changqing (823 A.D.).The Tibetan side first sent envoys to Chang'an to hold an alliance ceremony with Tang government officials in the western suburbs.After the alliance, Tang Fang sent special envoys to Tibet and set up an alliance altar in Luoxie (Lhasa).The inscription traces the history of Tang and Tibet, emphasizes the marriage relationship between Wencheng and Jincheng's uncle and nephew who married Tubo Zanpu, and records the process of the alliance, which is a historical witness of the friendly relationship between the Chinese and Tibetan people.Tibet has been officially part of my country's administrative division since the Yuan Dynasty.The royal family of the Ming Dynasty had closer ties with Tibet. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Rites, in the 1460s, the number of people from Tibet who paid tribute to Beijing was as high as three or four thousand.The central government of the Ming Dynasty also sent missions to Tibet many times to comfort them and brought many precious gifts. There are still two Thangkas (embroidered scroll paintings) of the Ming Dynasty in the Jokhang Temple.In order to strengthen the management of Tibet, the Qing Dynasty set up a minister stationed in Tibet to be responsible for the overall supervision of Tibetan affairs, and stipulated the method of drawing lots for the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama.In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (AD 1792), the system of "Golden Urn [cheche] lottery" was established.The reincarnation of the soul boy of the Dalai Lama, the Panchen Lama, and the Great Living Buddha of Mongolia and Tibet must write the name of the found soul boy on a toothpick and put it in a bottle. To prevent Mongolian and Tibetan nobles from manipulating the reincarnation of the Great Living Buddha.These measures have stabilized the social order in Tibet and strengthened the connection between Tibet and the mainland.The golden vase given by Qianlong for drawing lots is still hidden in the Jokhang Temple today.In front of the Jokhang Temple, there is also a "Monument Persuading People to Vaccine" erected in the year of Qianlong. At that time, smallpox was prevalent in Tibet, and the patients were driven to mountain caves and left to die.He Lin, the Minister of the Qing Dynasty stationed in Tibet, ordered people to build houses to take care of smallpox patients, and many of them recovered and survived.He also strictly ordered the front and rear Tibetans to persuade the Panchen Lama and the Dalai Lama to follow suit in the future.Afterwards, stone monuments were engraved to let Tibetans understand the truth that acne is not an incurable disease.

It was first built by Songtsan Gampo for Princess Wencheng.At first, 1,000 rooms were built on the Red Mountain, but most of them were destroyed by thunder and fire. There are only two places left, "Quji Zhuobu" and "Pabalakang", which are on the highest roof of the Potala Palace today. In the middle of the 17th century, Dalai V was conferred by the Qing Dynasty and built the White House.After his death, the general manager Diba Sangjie Jiacuo built the Red Palace.Later, after the Dalai Lama and the expansion, the Potala Palace formed its current scale.All the buildings are stacked on top of the mountain, winding to the top of the mountain, covering an area of ​​more than 100,000 square meters. It is known as one of the top ten civil buildings in the world.This is the winter palace of the Dalai Lamas of all dynasties, and it was also the ruling center of the unity of politics and religion in Tibet. The imperial edicts, seals, gold books, jade books, handicrafts, scriptures, A large number of precious cultural relics such as medicine, history, and literature books, various Buddha statues, thangkas, and magical instruments.The structure of the whole palace is complex and magnificent, which mainly shows the traditional Tibetan architectural form and characteristics, and also shows the characteristics of Han architecture, such as carved beams and complex bucket arches.Since Songtsan Gampo began to build the Potala Palace, he has recruited many Han craftsmen. When it was rebuilt in the 17th century, Emperor Kangxi specially sent 114 Han and Manchu craftsmen to cooperate in the construction.Therefore, the Potala Palace is also the result of Sino-Tibetan cultural exchanges and cooperation, and a witness to the history of multi-ethnic unity in my country.

To the west of the Potala Palace, there is also the "Norbulingka" created by the seventh Dalai Lama, which is the summer palace of successive Dalai Lamas.The layout is similar to that of the royal palaces in the mainland, with golden roofs and stone walls, lush trees, a variety of flowers, pavilions, pools, forests, bamboos, rocks, and rare birds and animals.Now it has been turned into a park, and Tibetan compatriots often come to vacation in the forest on holidays, and Tibetan opera troupes from Lhasa also perform here. The Tibetan religion is mainly Buddhism, commonly known as Lamaism.During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, many sects were separated.After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Tsongkhapa, the leader of the Gelug Sect (also known as the Yellow Sect), reformed Lamaism.With the support of the Ming and Qing governments, the Yellow Sect became the ruling sect in Tibet and spread the most widely.The Yellow Sect has six famous monasteries, namely Ta'er Monastery in Qinghai, Sera Monastery, Drepung Monastery, Tashilhunpo Monastery, Ganden Monastery in Tibet and Labrang Monastery in Gansu.Kumbum Monastery is located in the southwest corner of Lushaer Town, Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province.This is the birthplace of Tsongkhapa.According to legend, when Tsongkhapa was born, his mother buried his mother's clothes in the ground. Later, a bodhi tree grew here, and his mother built a small pagoda here. Later generations rebuilt it into a big silver pagoda and expanded it into a temple. Er Temple got its name from this.This is a group of large buildings composed of many halls, scripture halls and monks' houses, which absorbs the characteristics of Han-style palaces and Tibetan-style flat-roofed buildings.The main hall, Dajinwa Temple, covers an area of ​​nearly 450 square meters and is a Han-style palace building.In addition, there is the Great Sutra Hall, which is the highest authority of the religious organization of the whole temple, with an area of ​​1981 square meters.After several expansions, there are now 168 large columns, 60 of which are inside the four walls. The upper parts of the 108 pillars are all carved with beautiful patterns, wrapped in colorful blankets, and decorated with various embroidered ribbons, as well as various silk and satin cut-and-paste and embroidered Buddha statues, Buddhist story pictures and religious life pictures.Various murals are also hung with fine workmanship.The eight Ruyi pagodas and the small Jinwa temple in the temple are also very distinctive buildings.It is said that Kumbum Monastery has three wonders: butter flowers, murals and pile embroidery.A few months before the Spring Festival every year, artists will mix pure white ghee into various mineral dyes to shape various characters, flowers, trees, birds and animals, with bright colors that will last for a long time.Butter flowers are exhibited at the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar. Once a year, it becomes a grand event in the temple.The murals are in a typical Tibetan style, and most of them are painted on curtains, hung or nailed to the wall, and the color remains unchanged for a long time.Dui embroidery is to cut silks and satins of various colors into various shapes, stuff them with wool, cotton, etc., and embroider Buddha statues, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc. with obvious three-dimensional effect on the cloth curtain, and the images are vivid and lively.In addition to the three wonders, the sculptures of Kumbum Monastery are also famous.The other five Yellow Sect temples were all built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and their scale is similar to that of a city. The rich collection of cultural relics and the luxurious furnishings of the halls are comparable to the Potala Palace.

In the southwest of Shigatse County, Tibet.It was originally built by the first Dalai Lama Gendeng Zhuba (a disciple of Tsongkhapa) in 1477 AD.It is named Tashilhunbu, which means "auspicious Sumeru Mountain", which means auspicious accumulation.At the end of the Ming Dynasty, after the fourth Panchen Lama, Lobsang Qujian, came to power, this temple became the enthronement place of successive Panchen Lamas and the center for religious and political activities of Panchen Lamas.The whole temple is surrounded by mountains and rivers, layer upon layer, surrounded by city walls, with a radius of nearly two kilometers.It is divided into four Zhacang (colleges) of Tuosanglin, Xiazi, Jikang and Aba.There are dozens of halls, carved beams and painted columns, golden roofs and green tiles.There is a Jamba Buddha (Maitreya) statue with a height of more than 27 meters in the temple.According to records, 220,000 jin of bronze and 500 jin of gold were used to cast this statue at that time. It is a rare big bronze Buddha in the world.In addition, the spiritual pagodas of the Panchen Lamas of the past dynasties are also collected in the temple. The body of the pagoda is covered with silver skin and inlaid with various precious stones.Like the Potala Palace, the temple preserves all kinds of precious treasures, curios, porcelain, Buddha statues, Thangkas, embroidery, etc., as well as a large number of gold and jade seals issued by the Ming and Qing emperors, imperial edicts, and engraved eight Seal of the Yuan Dynasty "Da Situ" in Siba script.

Ganden Monastery, Sera Monastery and Drepung Monastery in Lhasa are collectively known as the three major monasteries.Ganden Monastery is located in Dazi County on the outskirts of Lhasa. It is the first Gelugpa monastery built by Tsongkhapa in the seventh year of Ming Yongle (AD 1409).The whole temple is divided into two Zhacangs, Xiazi and Jiangzi.The quota of monks is 3300.The size of the temple is equivalent to three Potala Palaces.The main buildings are Lagi Hall, Chidokang and so on.The Lagi Hall can accommodate more than 3,000 lamas to chant scriptures at the same time.Chiduokang is the place where Tsongkhapa lived during his lifetime. There is a sitting bed in it. It is said that Tsongkhapa passed away on this bed.Tsongkhapa's successor to the throne and the past dynasties of the Gelug Sect leaders are called "Gandan Chiba".

Sera Monastery is five kilometers north of Lhasa City. It was built by Tsongkhapa's disciple Jiangqin Chojie (Great Compassionate Dharma King) Sakyamuni.He went to Beijing to meet the emperor twice in the 12th year of Yongle (AD 1414) and the 9th year of Xuande (AD 1434) of the Ming Dynasty.The temple leans against the mountain and faces the river, with a grand scale. In the 17th century, the number of monks was 5,500.By 1959, there were 9,000 monks in the temple.The main hall is the Cuoqin Hall, with an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters and four floors. The murals in the hall are intact.The temple is divided into sections Zhacang, Mai Zhacang and Aba Zhacang.The collection of cultural relics is also very rich, including the Tripitaka brought back from Beijing by Sakyamuni, various Buddha statues, Thangkas, gold, silver and copper ritual vessels and offering vessels, etc.

Drepung Monastery is 10 kilometers northwest of Lhasa.It was built by Jiangyang Quejie, a disciple of Tsongkhapa.The building of the whole temple is mainly white, and it looks like a pile of rice in the distance, so it is named "Drepung Temple", which means Jimi Temple.It covers an area of ​​250,000 square meters.The palaces rise from the mountains and form a mountain city.When the fifth Dalai Lama had a quota of 7,700 monks, there were more than 10,000 monks on the eve of liberation, making it the largest monastery of Lamaism.The main hall, Tsochin Hall, covers an area of ​​1,850 square meters, and there is a square of 2,000 square meters in front of it. The hall can accommodate six or seven thousand people at the same time.There is also "Gadan Pozhang", which means the Palace of Bliss.The third, fourth and fifth Dalai Lamas all lived here, and they did not move to the Potala Palace until the completion of the Potala Palace.The fifth Dalai Lama once established the Kadan Phodrang Dynasty here, and Drepung Monastery once became the center of local government in Tibet. Therefore, all Dalai Lamas of all generations use Drepung Monastery as their mother temple.The scale of Zhacang in the temple is larger than that of other temples, and it has a rich collection of books.

Labrang Monastery, another great temple of the Gelug Sect, is located in Xiahe County, Gansu Province. It is the largest monastery in Gannan Tibetan area. It has 108 monasteries under its jurisdiction and a total of 20,000 lamas. There are more than ten thousand monk houses.In the temple, there are copper pots that can cook four big oxen, and ivory that is five feet long.There are tens of thousands of cultural relics and more than 60,000 volumes of Tibetan classics and books.Therefore, together with Kumbum Monastery, Tashilhunpo Monastery and Lhasa Three Great Monasteries, it is called the Six Great Monasteries of the Yellow Sect.

Xinjiang was called the Western Regions in ancient times. Almost all important counties and cities have ancient city sites, most of which are relics from the Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. There are also many ancient large-scale tombs. save.Buddhism was prevalent in the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, and Chinese Buddhism was introduced from the Western Regions through the Silk Road.Therefore, most of the grottoes discovered in Xinjiang are Buddhist grottoes, also known as Thousand Buddha Caves. Among them, the most famous Kizil Grottoes were excavated in the 3rd century AD, earlier than Dunhuang.Located in the southeast of Kizil Town, Baicheng County, Xinjiang, there are 236 grottoes.This is a grotto temple group in the ancient Kucha Kingdom, and it is also the largest Buddhist grotto group at the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains.The cave shape system is mainly the monk's room group type and the central tower type.Now there are only 75 caves with complete shapes.Most of the painted sculptures have been destroyed or stolen, and the murals are still preserved about 10,000 square meters.There are various themes and bizarre plots. There are as many as 38 kinds in Cave 17 alone, which is known as the crown of story paintings.There are 20 musicians in Cave 38, each playing a Hudi musical instrument, such as pipa, konghou, hengdi, 筚篥 and so on.Cave 175 also has farming maps and pottery maps.The murals are well-known at home and abroad for their concave-convex painting method in the Western Regions, and there are many Kucha inscriptions on the back walls of the grottoes.It is an important material for studying the history and culture of Xinjiang.

There are also many relics of Buddhism on the Silk Road, such as the Maijishan Grottoes in Gansu, which were excavated in the Sixteen Kingdoms in the post-Qin period.Since then, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have added buildings.There are 194 caves and cliff carvings, more than 7,000 large and small Buddha statues, and more than 1,300 square meters of murals.The caves are connected by plank roads.There are four kinds of clay sculptures in the cave: high relief, round sculpture, paste sculpture and wall sculpture.The size of the round sculptures is similar to that of a real person, and there are thousands of them, which are very interesting in life.Some Bodhisattva disciples on both sides of the Buddha lowered their eyebrows and smiled, some whispered, some whispered, and some waved to people.The tallest Amitabha Buddha reaches 16 meters, and the smallest clay sculpture is only a dozen centimeters.The exquisite craftsmanship can be called the treasure house of large-scale sculpture art in ancient my country. The Haibao Pagoda, which was rebuilt by King Helianbo in the early 5th century, still stands in the suburbs of Yinchuan, Ningxia. It is one of the oldest existing brick pagodas in my country.The body of the tower is in brick pavilion style, with a total of 11 floors and a square plane.There is a coupon door in the middle of each side, which protrudes slightly outward.The shape of the building is distinct, the lines are clear, and the style is unique. The style is rare among thousands of pagodas in my country.There are wooden ladders in the building that can circle up to the ninth floor.Looking far and wide, you can have a panoramic view of Helan Mountain and the Yellow River. The predecessor of the Uighurs was the Uighurs, who originally practiced Buddhism and Manichaeism, but most of them converted to Islam from the beginning of the 13th century.During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Muslims living in China (including Central Asians, Persians and Arabs) became Chinese and formed the Hui nationality in the long-term relationship with the Han, Uighur, and Mongolian.Muslims establish residential areas in units of a dozen, dozens or hundreds of households, and build mosques, where residents invite teachers to preside over religious ceremonies and mediate civil disputes.By the Qing Dynasty, Islam had been sinicized and was called Moslemism.The mosque on the Aitiga (ga Ga) square in the center of Kashgar, Xinjiang is the largest Islamic mosque in Xinjiang.According to legend, it was first built in 1798 and covers an area of ​​about 15 mu.There are two towers more than 10 meters high on both sides of the temple gate.The whole temple is based on beige, with white brick seams and patterns on the brick surface, which looks solemn and elegant.There is a pool in the courtyard, surrounded by green pines and cypresses, towering poplars, very quiet.There are 140 carved green wooden pillars in the worship hall, arranged in a grid, which can accommodate six or seven thousand Muslims for worship at the same time.The large mosque in the old city of Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has its own architectural style and its own characteristics. According to legend, it was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. The gate of the temple faces north. carved.On the 10-meter-high brick-covered platform inside the gate, there are worship halls, Xuanli buildings, imam houses, etc.The worship hall and the wake-up building on the right front side combine Han tradition and Islamic architectural art with exquisite skills.Tongxin Mosque is the oldest and largest Islamic building in Ningxia, with high cultural relic value. Buddhism was popular in the Mongolian area during the Liao and Jin Dynasties, but the worship of Lamaism by the Mongolian people mainly began in the Yuan Dynasty.When Genghis Khan's third son, Ogedei, was in power, the Tibetan Lamaist leader had already served the Mongolian Khan.In the Yuan Dynasty, the leaders of the Lamaism sect were honored as the national teacher and the emperor teacher. The emperor had a special seat for the emperor to meet all the officials.After the Yellow Sect flourished, it gradually replaced the power of other sects.After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the third Dalai Lama, with the support of the Mongolian Altan Khan, went to the Mongolian Plateau to promote the Yellow Sect, so the Yellow Sect soon became the unanimous religion of the Mongolian people.The Qing royal family and the Mongolian feudal lords have always maintained a marriage relationship for generations, and built a large number of Lamaist temples, the largest and best-preserved of which is Wudangzhao in the northeast of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia.The whole temple is laid out according to the mountain situation, covering an area of ​​more than 300 mu, with more than 2500 houses.There are six palaces, three mansions, one mausoleum, more than 60 monk houses and Lama pagodas.Each building forms its own district, with clean and white square walls, red grass walls, and various copper decorations on them. The colors are bright and magnificent.Among them, the Sugu Qindu Palace is located in the front of the temple, with a total of three floors. It is a place for temple-wide gatherings and chanting.The Choiradu Palace is a place where Buddhist teachings are taught.Dongkol Palace is a lecture hall for teaching astronomy, calendar, geography and mathematics.The nine-meter-high bronze statue of Tsongkhapa is enshrined in the Namulindu Palace on the top of the mountain, which is second to none in Inner Mongolia.Subgail Mausoleum is the pagoda hall of living Buddhas of all ages.The seven spiritual pagodas are made of gilt copper [Lu Liu] gold, inlaid with pearls and gemstones, which are gorgeous works of art in themselves. In the Erhai region of Yunnan, a Nanzhao Kingdom was established in the Tang Dynasty, which was canonized by the Tang Dynasty and changed to the Dali Kingdom in the Song Dynasty.Nanzhao Dali vigorously promotes Han culture, and there are many historical sites left to this day.The most famous one is the Three Pagodas of Chongshou Temple in Dali.The three pagodas are located at the foot of Yingle Peak in Cangshan Mountain, one big and two small, standing on a tripod.The big pagoda in the middle is named Qianxun Pagoda, which was built in the Nanzhao Quanfengyou period (823-859 A.D.). It is said that it was built under the guidance of Tang Dynasty architects Gongtao and Huiyi.It is 69.13 meters high and has 16 floors. There is a coupon-shaped niche on the front of each floor. There is a white marble statue in the niche. It is a square brick pagoda with dense eaves. style.The two small towers are 42.19 meters high and have 10 floors. They are octagonal solid brick towers.The body of the tower is covered with a layer of white mud and was built during the Dali Kingdom.There used to be a large-scale Chongshou Temple behind the pagoda, which was destroyed by war in the late Qing Dynasty, and only three pagodas stood tall, making it the oldest building in Yunnan. Zhuang, Dai, Miao, Dong, Bai and many other ethnic minorities live in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi.There are beautiful mountains and rivers here, Cangshan Erhai Lake, Dianchi Lake, Stone Forest, Kunming Grand View Tower, Guiyang Jiaxiu Tower, etc., are all famous scenic spots at home and abroad.Many ethnic groups have ancient and long histories.The original paintings on many cliffs in Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County, Yunnan Province can be traced back thousands of years.The large-scale murals beside the cliffs and cave roofs in Ningming, Longzhou and other places in Guangxi are left by the ancient Zhuang tribe.In Guangxi Dong area and Guizhou Liping, Rongjiang, Congjiang, Tianzhu and other counties where Dong people live together, there is a very distinctive tower-shaped building called Drum Tower.Generally, fir is used as the raw material, without nails and rivets, and the structure of joints and hanging columns is completely adopted, which is firm and rigorous.The first floor is square, and the upper floors are polygonal with cornices.There is often a drum hanging on the top floor, which is called "kuaigu". "Quan" is a social organization in the history of the Dong, Miao, Shui, Buyi and other ethnic minorities. When something happens, the head of the money beats the drum in the Drum Tower to convene the villagers to discuss and decide.The local festive festivals all take the Drum Tower as the entertainment center.Because the Dong people have always lived together with the same surname, one Drum Tower is built for one village with one surname, and multiple towers are built for a village with multiple surnames. Therefore, the Drum Tower is also an image symbol of the clan surname.There is a Mapang Drum Tower in the north of Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Guangxi. It is the largest and most representative drum tower in Guangxi. It is 20 meters high and looks like a pagoda. It is wider and fatter than ordinary drum towers.The quadrangular hall-style roof and nine-story cornices are stacked on top of each other. The architectural art is very high, and it has been listed as a national key protected cultural relic. 20 kilometers north of Sanjiang County, there is another Chengyang Wind and Rain Bridge, which is 76 meters long.On the five bluestone bridge piers, six fir trees with a diameter of four to five feet are erected in two rows.There are five pavilions on the top, and the roofs of each pavilion are different. They are connected to each other to form a promenade-style walkway bridge deck. Benches are set on both sides of the walkway for pedestrians to take shelter from the rain and rest.The pavilions and eaves are painted with exquisite Dong patterns.The whole bridge is jointed with large wooden chisels and mortise and tenon, and the large and small wooden strips are slanted through the straight sleeves, criss-crossing, precise and firm.The beautiful form of the bridge shows the high level of Dong architectural art. There are many historic sites in the southwest minority areas.For example, the Manfeilong White Pagoda and Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion of the Dai nationality are two exquisite Buddhist buildings.Manfeilong White Pagoda is located on the back mountain of Manfeilong in Dameng (mengmeng) Cage, Jinghong County, Yunnan Province. It is composed of nine pagodas of different sizes.It was built in the fifth and sixth fifth years of the Dai calendar (AD 1204).The central tower is 16.29 meters high, and the eight small towers are divided into octagons, with a height of 9.1 meters. There is a Buddhist niche under the tower base for Buddha statues.The Bajiao Pavilion is located on Jingzhen Mountain in the west of Menghai County. It was built in 1063 of the Dai calendar (1701 A.D.) and is 15.42 meters high.The pavilion is a polygonal brick wall with four doors. The inside and outside of the wall are painted with light red mud, inlaid with various colored glass, and printed with gold and silver powder to print various patterns of flowers, animals and characters, which are dazzling.The roof structure is extremely complex, with wooden cones.There are 10 herringbone-shaped roof ridges on each side of the eight sides, one layer after another, until the 15-meter-high pavilion top is covered with flat tiles like fish scales.All kinds of traditional flower and bird pottery ornaments are decorated on the ridge of the roof, and copper bells are tied on the upper layers of the eaves.The metal sheet on the top of the pavilion is engraved with whistle-like mesh holes, and the whistle sounds when the wind blows, which is quite interesting.The whole building is exquisite and gorgeous, and it is a masterpiece of Dai Buddhist art. China has a vast territory, a long history, magnificent mountains and rivers, and numerous scenic spots. It is difficult to describe its whole picture in simple words.However, from the rough outline above, it can be seen that for three thousand years, the Chinese nation has been at the forefront of world civilization with its splendid culture, and it is not only the Han and Tang Dynasties that are worthy of pride for the Chinese people!The destruction of scenic spots and the remains of martyrs in the past hundred years clearly show the trend of China's weakness after the late Qing Dynasty, as well as the difficult course of the bloody struggle of insightful people to save the destiny of the nation.Achievements and failures are thought provoking and inspiring.History is looking forward to more miracles created by today's people, and China should regain the glory of a great civilization in the world.People will definitely come to this common conclusion after looking around the country's scenic spots and historical sites.