Chapter 12 Section 4 The Huns and other frontier regimes

From 209 BC (the first year of Qin II) Mao Dun Shanyu came to the throne, the Xiongnu continued to expand, controlling Dingling to the north, Hetao to the south, and expelled the Yuezhi, occupying the Hexi Corridor; and controlling the Western Regions to the west , became a powerful nomadic country centered on the Mongolian plateau.However, after years of wars with the Western Han Dynasty, the strength of the Xiongnu has suffered a lot.Beginning in 60 BC (the second year of Shenjue of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty), the Xiongnu split internally and evolved into five chanyus coexisting and competing with each other. situation.Severe natural disasters accelerated the decline of the Huns.In 51 BC (the third year of Ganlu Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty), Nan Danyu descended to Han.In 49 BC (the first year of Huanglong, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty), Bei Shanyu led his troops to move westward, and was later killed in the eastern part of Kangju State in Central Asia (in the area of ​​​​the Talas River in Kazakhstan today).After Nandanyu surrendered to the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty still maintained the state status of the Xiongnu.The Great Wall was basically the boundary between Han and Hungary, and there was no strict boundary in sparsely populated areas. The peace on the border has been maintained for 60 years.In the Xiongnu area, there are Hujie, Jiankun, Dingling and other tribes, who are ruled by the Huns.

To the east of the Xiongnu, the east and west of the Daxing’an Mountains are inhabited by Xianbei people. The Wuhuan people are distributed in the Saramulun River Basin of the West Liao River. They are all a branch of the Donghu. They moved from the west under the attack of the Huns. Obedience to the Huns.The Puyu, Sushen, and Woju tribes lived in the Heilongjiang River Basin and the Songhua River Basin until the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, and all had early political entities. Xianling Qiang are distributed along the coast of Qinghai Lake today. Because Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty set up Xihai County for a short time, their settlements have not changed much.

The present-day Lancang River Basin in the southwest and the northeastern part of Myanmar were tribal regimes of the Ailao people. With the expansion of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau by the Han Dynasty, the exchanges between Ailao and the Han Dynasty became increasingly close.