Chapter 23 Chapter 7 The Captain, the Protector's Mansion, and the Guard of the Commander's Office——Special Administrative Regions under Military Control

Duwei was the chief officer of a county in the Han Dynasty. As the second deputy of the prefect of the county, he was in charge of the military and political affairs of a county.There are many types of captains in the Han Dynasty, and those related to the political area are the captains of the Ministry and the captains of the subordinate countries. The border prefectures of the Han Dynasty were often divided into east, south, west, north, and central divisions according to their location, such as Liaodong, Liaoxi, Shanggu, Dai, Yanmen, Dingxiang, Yunzhong, Wuyuan, Shuofang, etc. in the northern part of the Western Han Dynasty. There are two captains in the east and west in the county.Facing the Xiongnu, these border counties set up captains along the east and west directions, which is obviously conducive to strengthening the defense force.In addition to this role, the establishment of the Ministry of Duwei is often the harbinger of the establishment of the county, or the destination after the abolition of the county.

For example, in the early years of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, he sent the great writer Sima Xiangru to make a plan for Xiyi, and set up a captain and more than a dozen counties in the ethnic minority areas at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan, which were under the jurisdiction of Shu County.This Duwei later developed into two counties: Yuexi (xixi) County was established with the Qiong nationality, and Shenli County was established with the Zuo (zuoyesterday) tribe.In the last years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shenli County was abandoned and became the western captain of Shu County.There was also a northern captaincy in Shu County, which mainly managed the Ranyu (mang busy) tribe. Later, Wenshan County was established. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, this county was abolished and restored to the northern captaincy.

Therefore, the capitals of the Ministry are often established in the newly opened ethnic minority areas in order to prepare for the establishment of a county with a formal administrative area. Then set up the county.On the contrary, when the establishment of a county is not conducive to effective governance and management, the official county can also retreat to the capital.In addition to the above two exceptions, for another example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established four divisions in Korea in the mid-term, among which Lintun and Zhenfan counties were dismissed successively. The former became the eastern captain of Lelang County, and the latter became the southern captain of the same county.But this situation is relatively rare.Especially in the southwest region, the establishment of the captain must be the prelude to the establishment of a new county.As mentioned above, from the northern captain of Shu County to the Three Kingdoms period, it was still built as Wenshan County.Another example is that in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the western capital of Yizhou County was established first. Soon, the Ailao people outside Yizhou belonged to the people. The imperial court set up two counties in this area, and the six counties led by the western capital were combined with these two counties. Yongchang County (now the junction of Yunnan and Burma), and the official of Buduwei was the prefect of the new county.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warlords separatized their regimes, and even the counties in the interior also set up captains (of course, these counties may be border counties in terms of the warlord's separatist territory), and it was common for the governors to rule the people.He even treated the Buduwei as a county-level administrative district. For example, Liu Biao was the governor of Jingzhou and had eight counties. In fact, one of the counties was the Xingyang Duwei.A further step is to set up a new county instead of a prefect, but only a captain.For example, in the 20th year of Jian'an (AD 215), the two counties of Xi (Yangyang) and Shangyong (now the junction of Shaanxi and Hubei) were divided into counties, and only the post of captain was established.

During the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, except for Soochow, there were not many capitals of the Ministry, but a large number of capitals of the previous generation were changed to counties.For example, the eastern captain of Kuaiji County was changed to Linhai County (now southern Zhejiang), the western captain was changed to Dongyang County (now southwestern Zhejiang), and the southern captain was changed to Jian'an County (now Fujian). The capital captain of the subordinate country is originally an official who manages ethnic minorities full-time, and of course he is also a military officer.During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, King Hunxie of the Huns led his troops to descend to the Han Dynasty. The imperial court placed the descendants outside the old fortress of the five counties in the northwest (Warring States Qin Great Wall), and set up a subordinate state captain to manage them. This is the origin of the subordinate state capital.At the beginning, there were only five vassal state capitals, which were managed by the central state responsible for minority affairs. Later, besides the Xiongnu, there were also Qiang people among the minority nationalities attached to it. More and more, and they were transferred to the prefect of the county, and at the same time they were separated from the prefect geographically.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital of the subordinate country had become a special administrative region for the management of ethnic minorities, parallel to the county.During the reign of Emperor Han'an, six of the important vassal states, Weiling County and Bi County, were ordered to become official administrative districts.As mentioned above, the western captain of Shu County in the Western Han Dynasty was established as the capital captain of the subordinate country of Shu County at this time, leading the four counties.The name of a certain county is always put in front of the capital of the subordinate country, but in fact it has nothing to do with the county, that is to say, the capital of the subordinate country of Shu County has nothing to do with Shu County.The salary of the captain is two thousand stones, which is equivalent to the two thousand stones of the prefect.

During the Three Kingdoms period, some of the subordinate state capitals were newly established, and at the same time, the previous subordinate state capitals were further changed into counties.For example, the capital of Shu County was promoted to Hanjia County.In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, all the capitals of the subordinate countries were changed to counties, and the form of military management was changed to normal administrative management. Captain Dian Nong This is a special case.The Sun family ruled Jiangdong, intending to develop agriculture, so they divided the area west of Wuxi in Wu County as Piling Diannong Xiaowei, and developed the area by means of military reclamation.At the beginning of Jin Dynasty, it was changed to Piling County (now Changzhou).Colonel is also a kind of military position, and it also becomes the name of a special administrative region under special circumstances.

As a transitional military administrative region, Duweiling county governing the people prevailed in the Han Dynasty, but its origin may be traced back to the Qin Dynasty.Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Shui Jing Ganshui Zhu" said: Yuzhang, "Qin thought the south of Lujiang River", which means that Yuzhang County was originally the southern captain of Lujiang County in Qin Dynasty.There are two chief officers in Qin County, Shou and Wei (it was changed to Taishou and Duwei respectively during the Western Han Dynasty Emperor Jing), maybe there was already a Buwei at that time?