Chapter 51 Section Thirteen "Five Legacy Rules"
"Five Legacy Regulations" is one of the important teaching materials for family education of official families in ancient my country, compiled in the Qing Dynasty. "Five Legacy Regulations" is a compilation of family education, which consists of "Cultivation Legacy Regulations", "Teaching Women's Legacy Regulations", "Teaching Customs Legacy Regulations", "Politics Legacy Regulations", and "Official Law Precepts" It is composed of five parts, based on the relevant works of about 80 famous officials and scholars from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. Other aspects of the way of being an official, etc. Since the publication of "Five Legacy Regulations", it has been widely taught in the families of feudal literati, and it was also used as a teaching material for self-cultivation in middle schools in the late Qing Dynasty.
"Yangzheng Yigui" was compiled in response to the secular pursuit of imperial examination fame and unrealistic ethos at that time.It mainly talks about self-cultivation, self-cultivation, children's enlightenment education, reading purpose, learning methods and attitudes, etc.The meaning is to make the family education of the family of officials "encourage them to be upright". "Yangzheng Legacy" listed Zhu Xi's "Revelation of Bailudong Academy" as the first article, and the editor Chen Hongmou added a note: "This is the first righteousness of the founding of the sect, so that fathers and brothers can understand this together, and then teach children, Get the response. Since I was a child, I have loved my relatives and respected my elders as far as I know. This is the beginning of a person, which is the foundation of learning. Don’t use the secular reading to get the name of the subject to confuse your conscience.” It means , reading should be based on "understanding human relations", focusing on the cultivation of children's moral personality, learning to be a person first, and the purpose of reading is to cultivate people's virtues, not to gain fame in the imperial examinations. The earliest version of "Yangzheng Yigui" was published in the fourth year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (1739 A.D.).
"The Legacy of Teaching Women" is a textbook about women's education.Chen Hongmou opposes the practice of ignoring women's education in the past dynasties, and believes that women are also educateable people. Although they are raised in boudoirs since they are born, they are not like men who can go out to work and have opportunities for learning and further education. However, women are regarded as unnecessary to be taught. It is very absurd.He thought that if parents cared for each other with love, they would put "aphorisms to the core, things that can be lawed and avoided, and put them in front of them every day, so that they can learn from them and imitate them", it would be helpful to cultivate "virtuous character".Therefore, he "collected ancient and modern books on teaching women and all those related to women's virtues, and compiled them together. Things are easy and approachable, and principles are simple and easy to understand. He hopes that the world can teach his sons. And even more so to teach their daughters." ("Peiyuantang Occasionally Existing Manuscript·Preface to the Regulations for Teaching Daughters") Chen Hongmou's reason for attaching importance to women's education is that mothers themselves have the obligation to educate their children. "There are virtuous mothers and then virtuous descendants "; the wife has the function of admonishing the husband, "the king's transformation begins in the boudoir", a good wife is educated and reasonable, and the husband will be honest and upright when he is an official outside, which is beneficial to the country and the family. The content collected in "The Legacy of the Goddess" includes chaste women, martyrs, virtuous mothers, virtuous wives, boudoir models, mother precepts, etc. It mainly promotes feudal female virtues.The book was compiled and published in the seventh year of Qianlong (AD 1742), and had a great influence.
"Xunsu Yugui" was also written in the seventh year of Qianlong, and the content is relatively complex. Wang Shouren's "Gaoyu" and others are included in it.The book is a collection of representative township treaties, clan treaties, and society regulations from ancient to modern times. It also contains a large number of experiential talks on how to train children and how to control domestic slaves, as well as family mottos and celebrity wills.This book is compiled for the children of scholar-bureaucrats and serving local officials. It aims to let them know that the politics of the world is to change customs with etiquette and righteousness, so that conflicts between clans in the village and behaviors of "committing chaos" will be eliminated. .He said that if a wise official uses this book to guide the people, the people will all tend to be good and become naturalized, and local politics will naturally be orderly and orderly.
The "Regulations on Congzheng" was also written in the seventh year of Qianlong. It is mainly to compile some precepts that can be used as a motto and the words and deeds of exemplary figures that should be emulated for the candidates of officials. Officials should be frugal and honest, how to handle public affairs without making mistakes, how to use punishment appropriately, how to reflect on oneself and improve political quality and personal morality, etc.Chen Hongmou believes that the key to changing the corruption in the officialdom and making the government sound and harmonious lies in the rectification of officials.The rectification of officials (chi reprimand) cannot rely solely on punishment methods, but should educate political officials to cultivate themselves in accordance with ancient precepts and the words and deeds of exemplary officials who have been clean, upright and have many achievements in the past dynasties, so as to fulfill their responsibilities in governing people.Therefore, he advocated that not only the incumbent officials should study carefully and put it into practice, but also that official families should use it as the content of family education, so that the bureaucratic children can receive qualified official quality training before entering official positions.
"Zai Guan Fa Jie Lu" was written in April of the eighth year of Qianlong.It is mainly written for the subordinate staff who work in the government yamen.Chen Hongmou, in view of the phenomenon of "officials temporarily serving for a long time" in the bureaucratic political system of our country, proposed to strengthen the education of the subordinate staff who work in the yamen.He believes that local officials are appointed by the imperial court and will be transferred as soon as their term of office expires. However, the subordinate officials (equivalent to today's government staff) in the prefectural and county yamen have served in the yamen for a long time. Their quality directly affects the Political achievements and customs also directly affect people's support for the government, so their education cannot be ignored. The book "Zaiguanfa Jielu" collects and compiles the good deeds of good officials and the bad deeds of bad officials recorded in history books, and makes comments.At the same time, it is also advocated to teach subordinate staff to read and write more, to have a rough understanding of righteousness, to learn from others, to understand the advantages and disadvantages, and to strengthen self-cultivation.
Notes:
Notes: