Chapter 39 Section 1 The Characteristics of Family Education in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

The Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were the period when my country's feudal society was in decline.In order to strengthen ideological control, the feudal ruling class vigorously strengthened the construction of social grassroots organizations such as Baojia and village communes when implementing brutal autocratic rule and economic exploitation policies, and strengthened the family clan power to discipline the words and deeds of family members. The thought of "regulating the family" and "governing the country" closely linked the family education of "regulating the family" with the means of "self-cultivation" with the consolidation of the national political order and the social ethics and moral order, forming the concept of "preserving the principles of nature and destroying the laws of nature" in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Human desires" as the core characteristics of ascetic family education.

Sociology began to be established in the Yuan Dynasty.The so-called sociology refers to the integration of politics and education based on the grassroots organizations of society. It is composed of families or families with certain blood relations, and mainly promotes the feudal ethics in education.The Yuan Dynasty implemented a policy of ethnic discrimination against the majority of the Han people, and tried their best to instill the awareness of ethnic discrimination in sociology education.Under the influence of social indoctrination, family education was controlled by the feudal ruling class, and the ascetic moral education of "preserving the principles of nature and destroying human desires" became the main content of family education.

The Lijia system was implemented in the Ming Dynasty, and family education also had the characteristics of socialization.In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously advocated strengthening the ideological rule of the people by clan power, so that patriarchs and parents became the legal persons of the general ethics education of the family. Carry out strict ideological and behavioral discipline, such as family members who "violate laws and disciplines", "commit chaos", or have "misconduct" in moral behavior, or do not honor their parents, or bully their bosses, or do not pay taxes in full And so on, they must be sanctioned by the family rules and laws of the family, ranging from whipping and corporal punishment, to driving out of the family or sending them to the government for punishment.In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, social education was strengthened, such as the township covenant organization, Baojia Lianzao, etc., which made family education more and more politicized. Cultivating virtue is transformed into cultivating slavishness.Neo-Confucians after the middle of Ming Dynasty were often the patriarchs who gathered families to carry out feudal ethics education, and the family rules and regulations formulated by them were often harsher than government laws.

The Qing Dynasty inherited the family education tradition of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and took family education as an important measure to strengthen feudal rule.After the Opium War, my country's feudal social system and family system began to disintegrate, and thus the ancient family education began to transform into modern times.