Chapter 6 Section 5 "The Law of the Son of Heaven"

Duke Zhou not only devoted a lot of effort to the practice of educating kings, but also formulated the "Law of the Son of Heaven" by himself in order to establish the family education system of the emperor's family. "The Law of the Prince" is the first statutory educational document specifically aimed at the prince (prince) in ancient Chinese literature.It specifically stipulates the family education system, educational content, methods and principles, and educational purposes of the Son of Heaven's Family, which has a great influence on the imperial education for more than 2,000 years.Therefore, "Shi Zi Fa" has always been regarded as the classic of ancient Chinese royal family education.

(1) The purpose of education stipulated in the "Secretary Act".Generally speaking, there are three points: one is to cultivate the mind of the son of the world, so that he can behave in a decent manner, be happy in his heart, respectful and gentle.The second is to perfect the virtues of the sons of the world, and believe that "to be virtuous, the teacher respects, the teacher respects, the officials are upright, and the officials are upright, the country is governed."The third is to learn the way of father and son, monarch and minister, elder and younger, so that the son can set an example and set an example for the subjects of the world, so that the social, patriarchal, political, and ethical orders are in order, so that the customs can be changed and the country can be ruled.

(2) The instructor's duties stipulated in the "Law of the World".It stipulates that the education of the son is divided into two stages, that is, before leaving the house and after leaving the house.The education in the previous stage was specially in charge of the teacher and security officer, who mainly carried out etiquette training on the human relationship between father and son, monarch and minister in the daily life of the prince. The "Law of the World" stipulates that in order to assist the prince, instructors such as Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao should be set up to teach him morality, take care of his body, and increase his intelligence.The eldest son is accompanied by a "bao" in the family, whose duty is to "respect himself and assist him"; outside the family, he is accompanied by a "teacher" and "fu", whose duty is to "teach him to do things with respect to others". The person who refers to all virtues", that is, borrowing things to describe reason, and cultivating virtue by knowing things. This is the earliest idea in ancient my country to combine knowledge learning and moral education.After the son left the foreign house, his education was carried out by officials such as Lezheng, Daxu, Yue [yue Yue, ancient musical instrument] teacher, master, Gu [gu Gu] Zong, Da Sicheng, etc., and the above-mentioned instructors all had clear The teaching division of labor to teach the son and the princes all aspects of knowledge.

(3) The learning content stipulated in the "Law of the World".The purpose of the son's study is to take on the important task of governing the country in the future. Self-cultivation, cultivation of morality and the art of governance are the main contents of study.Specifically, there are the following aspects: First, ethics.The content of etiquette education includes learning etiquette and law, such as the ritual of "Shi Dian" that respects teachers and respects the way, the ritual of caring for relatives, and the ritual of begging for words for the elderly.The teaching of etiquette is carried out by music officials and masters, who teach etiquette and conduct training at the same time.The content of etiquette is very rich, almost including the country's political system and daily life behavior norms.These are the main learning content.The second is music teaching.The music teaching courses are arranged according to seasons. In spring and summer, you learn the dance of fighting. This is a dance that expresses the power of conquest, with tight rhythm and violent movements.In autumn and winter, learn the dance of feathers, which is a dance that expresses the interest of elegance, with soft and graceful movements.Music education also implements the spirit of harmony in the way of civil and military affairs, and its connotation is endowed with the connotation of cultivating sentiment and cultivating virtue.In addition to dancing, he also learns silk and stringed instruments, playing and singing poems at the same time.Music education is carried out by music officials.The third is to learn the governing skills of selecting talents, judging right from wrong, good and evil, and governing the country and the people.These contents are generally the same as the teaching contents of King Cheng carried out by the Duke of Zhou mentioned above. "The Law of the World" believes that as a king, he must have the way of governing people by controlling his officials, and the most important way of governing people is to identify, select, and appoint talents. Scholars are all used by the imperial court and assigned official positions according to their different talents.This education is the responsibility of the elders.