Chapter 17 Chapter 7 Okawa in various poses and with different expressions

The Yangtze River originates from the Geladandong Snow Mountain, the main peak of the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai.It flows through 10 provinces and autonomous regions including Qinghai, Tibet, Yun, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai, and flows into the East China Sea to the Pacific Ocean.The Yangtze River traverses the central part of the motherland, with a length of 6,380 kilometers, making it the largest river in my country.It is the third longest river in the world after the Amazon River in South America and the Nile River in Africa. The Yangtze River accepts more than 700 tributaries, and there are branches within the branches. Thousands of branches are like veins beating day and night, affecting the mountains and the vast land, forming a vibrant Yangtze River Basin of 1.8 million square kilometers.It is two and a half times larger than the Yellow River Basin, accounting for 1/5 of my country's land area.In its arms, there are extremely rich resources, feeding 1/3 of the Chinese people.

After liberation, a large number of archaeological discoveries proved that not only there were Yuanmou people living along the Jinsha River as early as 1.7 million years ago, but also that "the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are also an important origin area of ​​Chinese Neolithic culture."For thousands of years, the industrious descendants of Yan and Huang have made the Yangtze River Basin a land of fish and rice and the center of China's economy.Therefore, the Yangtze River Basin, like the Yellow River Basin, is the cradle of the Chinese nation. Tracing back to the source, the glacier meltwater of Jianggendiru Snow Mountain at an altitude of 6,548 meters on the southwest side of Geladandong Snow Mountain is the source of the Yangtze River.The ice tongue at the end of the glacier is a gorgeous forest of ice towers. There are all kinds of ice towers, such as arrows, spears, towers, pillars, bamboo shoots, mushrooms, fortresses, and arch bridges. They are all crystal clear and spotless.Especially the ice caves, such as the exquisite crystal palace, are breathtaking.Starting from this strange and mythical world, the Yangtze River began a journey thousands of miles away.

The source of the Yangtze River is called the Tuotuo River, and after converging with the tributary Dangqu River, it is called the Tongtian River. It flows between the Tanggula Mountains and the Bayan Har Mountains, on a broad and gentle plateau at an altitude of about 4,500 meters.The meanders are developed, and the water system is as numerous as dragons swimming leisurely, unrestrained and elegant.Starting from Yushu in Qinghai, the altitude drops sharply, and gradually goes south into the Hengduan Mountains, cutting through mountains and valleys, roaring unstoppably, and is the Jinsha River.Along with the Jinsha River, there are the Lancang River and the Nujiang River, which are geographically called "Three Parallel Rivers", and their momentum is extremely spectacular.It didn't stop until Shigu in Yunnan, then turned north, and the first bay of the Wanli Yangtze River appeared.Here the valley is wider and the water flows more slowly.In Shigu Town by the river, there is a white marble stele that looks like a drum. It is said that Zhuge Liang used to beat the drum here to help in the battle.Viewing the scenery of rivers and mountains from Shigu Pavilion is extremely magnificent.

The Jinsha River flows into the world-famous Tiger Leaping Gorge after crossing Shigu.On the east bank of the gorge is the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain at an altitude of 5,596 meters, and on the west is the Haba Snow Mountain at an altitude of 5,396 meters. More than 1000 meters!Tiger Leaping Gorge's upper gorge mouth is 1,800 meters above sea level, and the lower gorge mouth is 1,630 meters above sea level, with a 16-kilometer drop of more than 170 meters.At the narrowest point, the river is only 30 meters wide, and it is said that tigers can jump across it, hence the name Tiger Leaping Gorge.Looking up at the confrontation of the snow-capped mountains, the silver light is shining, overlooking the line of Jinsha, and the sound of water hitting the clouds and cliffs can be heard for miles. If you want to see the wonders of high mountains and deep valleys, there is nothing like this in the world.

The Jinsha River bypasses the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and goes southward, and is blocked by the Jizu Mountain to the east. It twists and turns and rushes forward among the high mountains in the northern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.When it reaches Yibin, Sichuan, it joins the Minjiang River to form the mighty Yangtze River. The Minjiang River is the tributary with the largest water volume in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with an average annual water volume twice that of the Yellow River.Therefore, in ancient times, many scholars mistakenly believed that the Minjiang River was the source of the Yangtze River.Dujiangyan, where the Minjiang River exits the Minshan Pass, is a highly scientific water conservancy project created more than 2,200 years ago and has been used until now. This is a great creation in the history of water conservancy projects in the world.Later generations built Erwang Temple in memory of Li Bing and his son who led the project.Ancient engineering, towering temples and majestic Minshan and Minshui constitute a symphony of heaven and man (Figure 25).

The Yangtze River has experienced a relatively peaceful journey in the Sichuan Basin, and after joining the Jialing River in Chongqing, it enters the canyon again.Among them is the most magnificent Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in the world.The Three Gorges is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. It starts from Baidi City in Fengjie, Sichuan in the west, and ends at Nanjin Pass in Yichang, Hubei in the east. It has a total length of more than 200 kilometers and a maximum cutting depth of 1,500 meters. "Among the colorful clouds of Emperor Ci Bai, thousands of miles of rivers and tombs return in one day. The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the light boat has passed ten thousand mountains." This is the poet Li Bai's wonderful portrayal of the dynamic beauty of the Three Gorges by flying boat.Baidi City is the starting point of Qutang Gorge. It is eight kilometers down to Daixi Town. The limestone peaks on both sides of the river are as sharp as cutting, reaching an altitude of 1000-1500 meters. The narrowest part of the river is less than 100 meters. The name of the door. "All the waters will be flooded, and Qutang will fight for a gate", "The peak is connected to the sky, and the boat travels from the cave", all of which describe the heroic danger of Kuimen.The flying boat crosses the gorge, the river waves roll, and the landscape is extremely thrilling and soul-stirring!The Baidi City of "Liu Bei Tuo Gu" in the Three Kingdoms is here.It "relies on the cliff on the top and faces the broken rock on the bottom", the situation is extremely dangerous, and it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times.

Wu Gorge (Figure 26), starting from the Daning River in Wushan in the west and ending at Guandukou in Padang in the east, is 45 kilometers long and is mostly limestone. Because the direction of the Yangtze River is obliquely intersected with the direction of the rock strata, the river is tortuous and the peaks are uneven, forming the famous Wu Gorge. The magnificent landscape of 12 peaks and the canyon in the canyon. "There is no way out of the stone, and there is no way for the cloud to rise", which is the wonder of Wu Gorge.The river surface of Wu Gorge is 500-600 meters, which is wider than Qutang Gorge, and the peak height is 1000-1300 meters, which is slightly lower than Qutang Gorge.Among them, Goddess Peak is the most beautiful and moving.The legend of Goddess Peak has a long history.Song Yu, a Fu writer of Chu Ci in the Warring States Period, mentioned the story of the tryst between King Xiang of Chu and the goddess in his "Ode to the Goddess" and "Ode to the Gaotang Dynasty".These have become the landscapes of later generations of literati who came here admiringly, sang and passed on, and spread more and more.Among them, the poem by Liu Yuxi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, is particularly expressive: "Wushan Twelve is gloomy and green, and there is a girl in the stone pavilion. The dawn mist suddenly lifts the curtain, and the mountain flowers are about to fade like makeup. What is it that the immortals go to the nine heavens, and the world comes to the king of Chu Xiang."

In fact, Shennv Peak is a strange rock on Wushan Mountain. For thousands of years, passionate people have injected rich and colorful cultural souls into her, making her deeply attracted people from all ages.After Wu Gorge, the river has a wide view and stretches, which is the famous wide valley of Xiangxi River.There are outstanding people here, and there have been two famous people who have been praised through the ages. One is Qu Yuan, the first great poet in the history of Chinese literature, and the other is Wang Zhaojun, who was married to a foreign country and was close to the Huns.Xiangxi has beautiful mountains and green waters, colorful flowers and trees, and moving legends.

Xiling Gorge is not only the Three Gorges but also the last canyon of the Wanli Yangtze River.From Padang Guandu to Yichang's Nanjin Pass, it is 66 kilometers long.There are many beaches and rapid currents. The two banks are karstized mountains with rich landforms, especially the Bingshubaojian Gorge in the west and Niuganmafei Gorge in the east.The Huangling Temple, Sanyou Cave, Luyou Spring and other historic sites on both sides of the Strait shine with cultural brilliance.As for the dangerous rapids of "thousands of piles of snow hanging ten feet above the sky, it is as shocking as watching Guangling waves", thanks to the construction of the Gezhou Dam and the increase of the water level, it is safe and sound.

After experiencing the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River for more than 200 kilometers, from Baidi City to Nanjin Pass, narrow valleys and wide valleys emerge alternately, rapids and dangerous shoals alternately rush in, and after three harvests and three releases, when they leave Nanjin Pass, they suddenly become enlightened, which is called great release. It's really "extremely clear and comfortable", wandering around the world.This strong sense of rhythm and endless power not only gives people great enjoyment of beauty, but also gives people courage, courage and pride! Three kilometers away from Nanjin Pass, a dam crosses the Yangtze River. This is the first dam on the Yangtze River, Gezhouba.It raises the water level on the dam by 20 meters and returns more than 100 kilometers of water, effectively improving the waterway of the Three Gorges.

Below Gezhouba, the Yangtze River begins its journey in the middle reaches.The fast-flowing Three Gorges River reverberates freely as soon as it enters the plain without obstruction, forming the Jingzhou area of ​​"nine bends".Jiangling in the Jingzhou area was the political, economic, and cultural center of the ancient Chu State, with a large number of cultural relics and historic sites.To the south of Jiangling is the vast Dongting Lake. "Eight Hundred Miles of Dongting" gathers the four major water systems of Hunan, Zi, Yuan and Li in one lake, and then flows into the Yangtze River.Dongting Lake was called Yunmengze in ancient times.There is a famous historical city Yueyang by the lakeside, and on the west side of the city, there is a famous building, Yueyang Tower, which was built in the Tang Dynasty.Together with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, it is called the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. "Dongting Tiantianshui" and "Yueyang Tianxialou" illustrate the influence of lakes and buildings (Figure 27).Yueyang Tower is also famous all over the world because of the famous "Yueyang Tower" written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. "I see the grandeur of my husband's Baling, which is located in a lake in Dongting. With a distant mountain and a swallow of the Yangtze River, it is mighty and boundless. The sun shines in the morning and the shadows in the evening, and the atmosphere is myriad. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower..." The beautiful article summarizes the beautiful The scenery of Dongting, the scenery and the text complement each other.Climbing to this building "eight hundred miles of Dongting is in sight now, and five thousand years of history will start again", looking at the present and thinking about the past, refreshing, inspiring, and full of pride.Looking west from Yueyang Tower to Junshan in the lake, it looks like "a green snail in a silver plate".This is a "fairy mountain" with beautiful scenery and full of mythology, which is fascinating and even more imaginative. Climbing the Yueyang Tower to view Dongting Lake wins with the quiet view, while climbing the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang to view the Yangtze River is good at the moving view.Li Bai once bid farewell to his friends here, leaving an eternal masterpiece: "The old man bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March; the lonely sails are far away, the blue sky is gone, and the sky of the Yangtze River can only be seen." Wuchang is one of the "three towns" in Wuhan. It is located in the triangular area where the Han River and the Yangtze River meet, and was developed on a relatively favorable transportation location.In addition, there are two mountains of turtles and snakes on both sides of the river, so there is no danger of floods, so it becomes the transportation hub of "the thoroughfare of nine provinces".Therefore, since ancient times, generations of passers-by from all over the world have all climbed the tower to see the scenery and stimulate the writing. "Writing is made by the scenery, and the scenery is passed on by the literature", the Yellow Crane Tower has been destroyed many times and has been revived many times.The Yellow Crane Tower was first built in the second year of Wu Huangwu of the Three Kingdoms (AD 223).Around the Yellow Crane Tower, literati of past dynasties have chanted endlessly, leaving behind thousands of famous poems and hundreds of magnificent prose. It is like a clear and crystal-clear cultural jade spring, which is as long-lasting as the Yangtze River. The Yellow Crane Tower, rebuilt in 1986, is 51 meters high and stands on top of the Snake Mountain. It "swallows clouds and dreams", not only enjoying the scenery of the three towns, the Yangtze River Bridge, and the river boats going up and down, but also seeing the wind and clouds in the three Chus and welcoming guests from five continents (Figure 28) .Climb to the top of the building, look around the sky, and recite Mao Zedong's poem "Bodhisattva Barbarian·Yellow Crane Tower", unavoidably feel ups and downs, "The vast nine schools flow through China, and the heavy line runs through the north and south. The misty rain is vast, and the turtle and snake lock the river. Where does the Yellow Crane know? There are still tourists. place. Spout the wine, and your heart will rise like a wave!" The Yangtze River is in the upper and lower reaches of Wuhan, and there are two scenic spots that reflect the magnificent Yangtze River—Wen and Wu Chibi.The Red Cliff in Puqi in the upper reaches is generally considered to be the ancient battlefield of the Battle of Red Cliffs in the Three Kingdoms, while the Red Cliff in Huangzhou in the lower reaches is famous for Su Dongpo's "Red Cliff Fu", so it is called Wen Chibi.Wenwu Chibi are all riverside cliffs made of red conglomerate, and the landscape is similar, while the "Red Cliff Fu" has spectacular pictures of "the great river goes east, the waves wash away, and the romantic figures of the ages" and "the stormy waves hit the shore, rolling up a thousand piles of snow" , Why not the two red cliffs! Tengwang Pavilion, one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, was also rebuilt in 1989.It is adjacent to the bank of the Ganjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, and on the edge of Nanchang City. When the sun sets, you can still get the famous line in the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Bo's "Tengwang Pavilion Preface": "The sunset and the solitary bird fly together, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky" and the other side of the Ganjiang River. ", the beautiful scenery of "the mountains and plains are full of view". Where Poyang Lake enters the Yangtze River, there is the tall Lushan Mountain in the west, the small Shizhong Mountain in the east, the Dagu Mountain (also known as Xieshan Mountain) in the lake, and the Xiaogu Mountain in the river, forming a vast and beautiful lake and mountain scenery.Although Shizhong Mountain is small, it controls the rivers and lakes, and it became famous because of Su Dongpo's famous story "The Story of Shizhong Mountain".It is refreshing to climb the mountain to see the river and sky. Below the confluence of rivers and lakes is the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The plains and hills on both sides of the bank are alternated with beautiful mountains and rivers. From time to time, there are hills and mountains facing the river and rocks piercing through the sky, adding beauty to the river. For example, Dongliang Mountain in Dangtu, Anhui is opposite to Xiliang Mountain in Hexian County. The gates are called Tianmen. Li Bai wrote in a poem: "The Tianmen interrupts the Chu River and opens, and the clear water flows eastward. The green mountains on both sides face each other, and the solitary sails come from the sun." This is the best portrayal of the landscape of the mountains and rivers in this area.Caishiji in Ma'anshan City, Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing, Yanziji, and Zhenjiang Sanshan all constitute scenic spots in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Nanjing faces the rolling Yangtze River in the north, towering Zhongshan Mountain in the east, Niushou Mountain in the south, and Qingliang Mountain in the west.The hills in the city are hidden, the plains are open, the rivers and lakes are spread out, and the scenery is beautiful and colorful.At that time, Zhuge Liang once praised and said: "Zhongshan is on a dragon plate, and stones and tigers are crouching. It is really the residence of an emperor!" A city surrounded by beautiful mountains and rivers.Zhongshan is the skeleton of the mountains, and the Qinhuai River is the vein of the waters. Zhongshan is not high, with an altitude of 488 meters. The mountain is small and the river is large, which sets off the vastness of the Yangtze River.Zhongshan is full of ups and downs, with continuous branches, leaving many historical sites in the mountains and rivers. It has become a historical and cultural museum for observing the past and looking at the present today.For example, the Ming Great Wall, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Qixia Temple, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Yuhuatai, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake, etc.For appreciating the grandeur of the great river, the Yangtze River Bridge is the most ideal.The long bridge spans the north and south of the river, making this landscape city more magnificent and magnificent with the characteristics of the times.Strolling on the bridge, looking at the vast river, looking at the majestic Zhongshan, the floors are emerald, and the river wheel is flying. The magnificent scene of "a tiger crouching on a dragon's plate is better than the past, and the sky is turned upside down and generous" is exciting! There are three famous mountains near the river not far from the lower reaches of Nanjing, which are collectively called the Three Mountains of Zhenjiang, namely Beigu Mountain, Jinshan Mountain and Jiaoshan Mountain.The three mountains rise out of the river, standing majestically, looking majestically at the rolling waves, forming a magnificent landscape painting scroll, which was praised by the ancients as "the best river and mountain in the world".Beigu Mountain is steep and dangerous, facing the river and cliffs. There is Ganlu Temple on the mountain, which is said to be the place where Liu Bei recruited his relatives in the Three Kingdoms.Jinshan's craggy rocks and rocks have a sense of mystery because of the story of the water flooding Jinshan Temple in the legend of the White Snake.Standing in the middle of the Yangtze River, Jiaoshan is like a mainstay, 150 meters high. It was named after Jiaoguang lived in seclusion in the mountains in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Among the towering ancient trees at the foot of the mountain, there is a large-scale Dinghui Temple, which houses a large number of famous steles and cliff carvings. On the top of the mountain, there is the Sujiang Tower. The two banks below Zhenjiang are the Yangtze River Delta Plain.The river network is densely covered, and there are many lakes, especially the Taihu Plain.There are many rivers, many boats, and many bridges, forming the landscape of the water town of Zeguo, a land of fish and rice.Suzhou is a very representative water town. "When you come to Gusu to see you, everyone sleeps in the river."Bai Juyi wrote: "Green waves, east, west, north, south, water, red building three hundred and ninety bridges." The Yangtze River Delta is the most fertile area in the Yangtze River Basin, and the Huangpu River is the last and richest tributary of the Yangtze River.Shanghai is the largest city in my country that developed along the Huangpu River in modern times.Compared with the ancient history of the motherland, the land of the urban area of ​​Shanghai was formed only 1,000 years ago, which is a very young land, and the history of the city is even younger.The upper reaches of the Huangpu River are regulated by lakes, and the water volume is abundant. The lower reaches are supported by sea tides. The river is wide and the water is deep. Ships of 10,000 tons can enter and exit all year round, creating a material foundation for the development of Shanghai. The Huangpu River flows into the Yangtze River at Wusongkou. Although it does not enter the sea, it is a vast ocean, where the water and the sky are the same color. The great Yangtze River melts from the glaciers on the roof of the world, gathers thousands of rivers on the way back, and merges into a mighty current, passing through mountains and valleys, galloping thousands of miles, reaching the East China Sea, and flowing to the Pacific Ocean.The Yangtze River is not only the artery of the motherland, but also the link connecting the five continents and the four seas. The Yellow River originates in the Yueguzonglie Basin at the northern foot of the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai, flows through nine provinces and regions, and flows into the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Shandong Province. It is the second longest river in my country with a total length of 5,464 kilometers.It traverses the land of northern China, with thousands of tributaries extending to mountains and ridges, forming a drainage area of ​​752,400 square kilometers. It has bred the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation, and now it is still raising more than 100 million descendants of Yan and Huang. "The water of the Yellow River comes from the sky" is a poem written by Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, describing the long history of the Yellow River.In fact, the source of the Yellow River is the various springs at the foot of the Bayan Har Mountains, and it is the trickle here that begins its journey of thousands of miles.The Yellow River passes through the Xingxiu Sea, Zaling Lake, and Eling Lake, and flows between flat and open plateau meadows, lakes and swamps.There are many birds on the island, especially the rare swans and black-necked cranes. Rare wild animals such as white-lipped deer, musk musk deer, and marmots can be seen running freely on the grassland from time to time.Every summer, go to the Songpan Grassland where the Red Army marched, climb up the tall Tangke Suozong Temple, overlook the grassy meadow full of flowers and green grass, and you can enjoy the first bend of the Jiuqu Yellow River.It is really a fairyland in heaven to appreciate the pure and white river scenery falling among the green land, blue sky, white clouds, tents, Tibetans, yaks and Tangke horses.It is quite poetic to say that the water of the Yellow River comes from this "heaven". The Yellow River passed the big bend in the grassland and began to rush down from the first big step.A series of famous canyons appeared, leading to Lanzhou City, a famous historical and cultural city with a second big step.The Yellow River Gorge is rich in hydropower resources. Since liberation, large and medium-sized hydropower stations such as Longyangxia, Liujiaxia, Yanguoxia and Bapanxia have been built.The huge current has delivered a steady stream of energy for the construction of the great northwest of the motherland.Reservoirs, like blue gems inlaid on the golden Yellow River, add splendor to the Yellow River. The section where the Yellow River enters Ningxia and Inner Mongolia is relatively gentle, and the irrigation from the Yellow River forms the famous "three sets", namely the west set, the back set and the front set, known as "the south of the Yangtze River".Xitao has the reputation of "the Yellow River in the world is rich in Ningxia".The Ningxia Plain blocks the Gobi flying sand in the west and the Yellow River in the east. The climate is mild and the land is fertile. As early as 2,000 years ago, the Yellow River began to be used for irrigation.The existing large-scale channels such as Qinqu, Hanqu and Tanglaiqu fully demonstrate the wisdom of the ancient working people.After liberation, with the completion of Qingtongxia Reservoir, the modern Ningxia irrigation system was greatly expanded and built, making Ningxia a large granary in the northwest. The Houtao Plain in Inner Mongolia at the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain was cultivated here by Wei and Zhao as early as the Warring States Period. Although it was built successively in successive dynasties, by the beginning of liberation, the irrigated area was only more than 2 million mu. In 1960, the Sanshenggong Water Conservancy Project was built on the Yellow River in Bayangol, forming a relatively complete drainage and irrigation system.The current irrigated area reaches 5.8 million mu, and another "pearl outside the Great Wall" land of fish and rice appears on the bank of the Yellow River. After passing Baotou, a new steel city, there is another famous alluvial plain between Daqing Mountain and the Yellow River - Tumochuan, which is Qiantao. 1500 years ago, Hu Lujin, a member of the Chile tribe, wrote the "Chile Song": "Chile River, under the Yin Mountain, the sky is like a dome, covering the four fields. The sky is blue, the wild is vast, and the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low." There are beautiful natural landscapes and well-developed pastoralism here. The Yellow River passes through Qiantao Tuoketuo County and enters the middle reaches.It was blocked by Luliang Mountain and turned southward, cutting through the Loess Plateau. From the second step at an altitude of more than 900 meters, it passed through the 725-kilometer Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge and fell straight to the land of the Central Plains at an altitude of more than 300 meters.The Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge faces each other with cliffs, dangerous shoals alternate with each other, rapids and whirlpools emerge in endlessly, and the landscape is dangerous and thrilling.Such as "lion crutch", "old cow moraine", Hukou, Mengmen, Longmen and so on. Hukou Waterfall is located between Yichuan, Shaanxi and Jixian, Shanxi. The two banks are steep, and the bottom of the canyon is about 200 to 300 meters wide. At Hukou, it suddenly converges to 30 to 50 meters wide. Daliu, the magnificent landscape of Yuguan Nine Turns and One Pot Harvesting".Hukou gathers the torrential Yellow River water in a bundle, with a 20-meter-inclined cliff, galloping and clamoring, golden waves and red waves, thunder and thunder shaking the valley, thick fog and mist, it is a wonder in the world. Three kilometers downstream of the waterfall is Mengmen. Because there are two stone islands in the river, the river diverges like a gate.More than 60 kilometers from Mengmen is Longmen, which is formed by the confrontation and embrace of East Longmen Mountain and West Liang Mountain.There are two stone islands in the valley, which divide the water into three streams. The rapids and violent waves hit the reefs angrily, which fully demonstrates the roaring momentum of the Yellow River.The imaginative ancestors said that in order to regulate the Yellow River, Dayu first dug the mouth of the pot, then opened the Meng gate, and then split the dragon gate to guide the river to discharge.Surrounding this ancient legend, a large number of fairy tales and temple buildings have been produced, which have become the relics of today's remembrance of ancestors in the past. When the Yellow River leaves Longmen, it suddenly becomes clear.Below it, it connects to the second major tributary, the Fen River, in the east, and the first major tributary, the Wei River, in the west.At Tongguan, the Yellow River going south turned sharply eastward due to being blocked by the Huashan Mountains, and entered the Western Henan Canyon along the Zhongtiao Mountains and Xiaoshan Mountains.In the west of the gorge, there is Tongguan, which is "closing the gate and strangling Kyushu", and "Pegasus cannot pass", and in the east is Hangu Pass, which is "the solidity of Weihan".Hangu Pass has a great river in the north and a dangerous mountain in the south. It is a communication channel between Guanzhong and the Central Plains, and it has also been a battleground for military strategists for thousands of years.Now the Longhai Railway traverses east and west, and the dangerous pass in the past has become a smooth road.Sanmenxia is the last gorge in the western Henan canyon.Because there are ghost islands and god islands in the river, which divide the river into three streams and flow through the gate, it is called Sanmenxia.Below it, there are stone pillars protruding from the center of the river, uplifting the water surface more than 20 meters, despite the impact of raging waves and raging waves, they remain motionless. This is the famous "mainstay".The majestic landscape of Sanmenxia, ​​characterized by the "mainstay", has fascinated literati and poets of all dynasties, and has become a landscape that inspires people with lofty ideals.Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, once inscribed the "Dizhu Mountain Inscription" for it: "Looking up at the Dizhu, looking north at the Dragon Gate, the vast traces of Yu, and the vast Changchun." He praised the magnificent scenery of the Yellow River. Today, a dam lies across Guidao, Shendao and Renmendao, covering the three gates in one dam, forming a flat lake with natural barriers, and playing a role in power generation, irrigation and flood control. The Yellow River flows out of Taohuayu in the northwest of Zhengzhou, and then enters the Great Plains, opening the prelude to the downstream landscape.In the Yellow River Tourist Area in Zhengzhou, climb up to the Jimu Pavilion in Mangling, and overlook the Yellow River flowing eastward. "Dahe Fu" said: "Looking at the grandeur of all rivers, nothing is more beautiful than the Yellow River." However, viewing the Yellow River must be in summer, and the water volume in winter is very small, so it is difficult to appreciate its charm. The upper source of the Yellow River was originally a clean river. Since it entered the Loess Plateau, due to water and soil erosion, the sediment concentration has continued to increase, and it has gradually turned into a yellow river.When it reaches Sanmenxia, ​​the sand concentration reaches its peak.According to the hydrological station, the Yellow River averages 1.6 billion tons of sediment passing through Sanmenxia every year, with an average sediment content of 37.7 kg per cubic meter of water.When the sand content is the highest, there are 746 kilograms per cubic meter of water, which is like mud!It is estimated that about 1.2 billion tons of sediment are sent out of the estuary for reclamation every year, and about 400 million tons are deposited in the river course, so the river bed increases year by year. When the river bed is higher than the ground, the river will naturally divert.In order to prevent the harm caused by the diversion of the Yellow River, embankments have been built to hold back water since ancient times. The water is high and the embankment is high, and the river course has become a "hanging river" above the ground.The current bed of the Yellow River is generally 315 meters higher than the flat ground outside the embankment, and more than 7 meters higher than the ground of the Kaifeng Iron Tower.Looking at the boats in the river, it seems to be sailing in the air.Once the Yellow River breaks its embankment, it can flood Tianjin in the north, and the Huaihe River and Yangtze River in the south.According to records, in the 2,540 years from 602 BC to 1938, the Yellow River overflowed as many as 1,590 times, known in history as "the Yellow River burst twice in three years", of which there were 26 major diversions and seven major diversions.Take the estuary as an example: in 602 BC, the Yellow River entered the sea from Tianjin, in 11 AD, it entered the sea in Shandong Province, and in 1048 AD it entered the sea at the border between Shandong and Hebei.It entered the sea at the Huaihe River in 1194 and 1494 AD, entered the sea at the current Yellow River in 1855, and entered the sea at the Huaihe River in 1938.Every breach and diversion has brought heavy losses to people's lives and property. During the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1938, in order to cover the retreat of the Kuomintang troops, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Yellow River embankment to be opened at Huayuankou, causing the flood of the Yellow River to engulf the lives of 890,000 people in 44 counties and cities in Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces. After liberation, under the personal care of Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai, a comprehensive investigation, research, planning and improvement of the Yellow River was carried out. A large number of large and medium-sized water conservancy and hydropower projects and thousands of small projects were built on the main stream and tributaries of the Yellow River. Carry out water and soil conservation work in the middle and upper reaches. For more than 40 years, the Yellow River has played a huge role, but there has never been a disaster such as a breach, creating a new record in the history of the Yellow River. There have been different comments on the merits and demerits of the Yellow River since ancient times.However, looking at the history of the Yellow River, it can be clearly seen that the transformation of the Yellow River has always been the important task of the Chinese nation. From the perspective of paleogeography, for more than 3 million years, the reclamation of the Yellow River played a major role in the formation of the Central Plains and the Great North China Plain.To this day, on the one hand, it erodes the Loess Plateau, and on the other hand, it advances towards the Bohai Sea at an astonishing rate of reclamation of 28 square kilometers per year!In the decades since liberation, more than 1,000 square kilometers of fertile land have been filled in.Now it has become an important part of the thriving farm and Shengli Oilfield. From the perspective of human history, for about 800,000 years in the Yellow River Basin, "Lantian ape man", "Dingcun man" and "Hetao man" worked and lived on this fertile land, creating Paleolithic culture.Judging from more than 2,000 primitive village sites, during the Neolithic Age, our ancestors extensively lived a settled agricultural life on the Loess Plateau.According to written records, from the Shang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River Basin has always been the political, economic and cultural center of China.Xi'an, the ancient capital of eleven dynasties, Luoyang, the ancient capital of nine dynasties, and Kaifeng, the ancient capital of seven dynasties are all here.As for the scientific, cultural and artistic achievements created on this land, there are too many to enumerate.People praise the Yellow River as the cradle of the Chinese nation and the mother of the Chinese people, and it is well deserved.The contribution of the Yellow River is indelible, and it continues to feed more than 100 million people, and it serves the construction of the four modernizations with its rich resources.Today, the descendants of the Yellow River should scientifically follow the natural laws of the Yellow River Basin, carry forward the past, carry forward the advantages, prevent disasters, restore vegetation, maintain ecological balance, and make greater contributions to the rejuvenation and prosperity of the Chinese nation! Heilongjiang is an international river flowing through China, Russia and Mongolia.Because it flows through the black soil area, the river is dark black and winds like a dragon, so it is named Heilongjiang.It has two sources, the northern source is the Shilka River at the eastern foot of the Kent Mountains in the Mongolian People's Republic, and the southern source is the Hailar River on the western slope of the Greater Khingan Mountains in my country.Counting from the south source, Heilongjiang has a total length of 4,370 kilometers and a drainage area of ​​1.843 million square kilometers.The two tributaries of Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River converge in the Sanjiang Plain, forming a swamp area with a dense water network. It used to be called the Great Northern Wilderness, but now it has been reclaimed into an important grain base in the Northeast - "Beidacang". The Songhua River Basin almost covers the northern land of Northeast China.The forest vegetation in the basin is very good, soil erosion is very little, and the sediment content of the river is extremely low, only 0.6 kg per cubic meter, which is less than 1/200 of the sediment content of the Yellow River.The Songnen Plain is full of marshy grassland, which is a paradise for migratory birds and waterfowl. The Zhalong Red-crowned Crane Nature Reserve is here (southeast of Qiqihar City).Zhalong Swamp is vast, with overgrown reeds and aquatic plants, and clear lake water. It is a breeding place for red-crowned cranes and other rare waterfowl. There are more than 100 species of rare birds, so it is called "Hundred Bird Garden".At present, there are 15 species of cranes in the world, and there are nine species in my country, and there are six species here. The second Songhua River originates from Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain and flows straight down to form Changbai Waterfall with a height of 68 meters. It passes through the forest sea and converges in Songhua River.On the Songhua River in Jilin, there is the famous Songhua Lake (namely Fengman Reservoir). The blue waves are like a mirror, there are many strange peaks, and the trees are lush. It is a good place for summer summer and winter skating.Jingbo Lake on the tributary of Mudanjiang is a natural volcanic lava barrier lake.It is a lake formed by condensing the magma flowing out of the volcanic eruption into a dam and blocking the Mudanjiang River.Because the lake water is clear and as flat as a mirror, it is named Jingpo Lake.The lake is 45 kilometers long, with various curved banks and green hills on all sides. There are large and small Gushan, Pearl Gate, Taoist Mountain and other islands in the lake to add color to the lake.At the mouth of Jingbo Lake, there is a waterfall with a width of more than 40 meters and a height of 25 meters pouring into a deep pool of tens of meters. The biggest feature of Heilongjiang is the winter scenery.The climate in the basin is cold, with a freezing period of about half a year.The freezing period in the upper reaches of the main stream of Heilongjiang is more than 160 days per year, with a maximum ice thickness of 1.25-1.50 meters, and 140-160 days in the middle reaches, with an ice thickness of 1.00-1.25 meters. You can drive a car across the river.The main stream of the Songhua River is frozen for about 140 days, and the ice is about one meter thick.Mohe on the bank of Heilongjiang is located north of 53° north latitude, and is known as the "Arctic Village" in my country.Around the summer solstice, you can enjoy the spectacle of sunset and dawn at midnight, and the lucky ones can also see the Northern Lights. In winter, the Songhua River is covered with snow, with Yushu Qionghua, a world of ice and snow, with unique charm.Watching tree hangings, ice sculptures, riding sleds, ice sails, skating, skiing and other activities is another beautiful enjoyment.Harbin is on the banks of the Songhua River, and the annual garden party of ice sculptures and ice lanterns has become a grand festival in Harbin, the "Ice City".Artists use ice as raw material to create crystal-like special art worlds.It not only attracts domestic tourists, but has developed into a worldwide event. The tree hanging in Jilin, which is as famous as the Harbin ice sculpture, is the rime, which is also a unique natural landscape in the upper reaches of the Songhua River.The rime is the white and soft condensation attached to the branches and the surface of the scenery in the cold foggy days, forming a wonderful world of "thousands of trees and thousands of pear blossoms".Jilin is in a special geographical environment, and rime occurs frequently and lasts for a long time.From October to April of the next year, especially after the winter solstice, there are almost every day, making Jilin the best place to watch tree hangings. The Pearl River is a large river in the south of my country. It consists of three rivers, Xijiang, Beijiang and Dongjiang, and eight waterways flow into the South China Sea at its estuary.The Pearl River Delta Plain with its dense water network downstream is the Golden Triangle in the south.The Pearl River is 2,197 kilometers long and has a basin area of ​​452,600 square kilometers, making it the fourth largest river in my country.Most of the river basin is located in tropical and subtropical monsoon rainy areas in my country, with good vegetation and abundant water. The annual average flow of the estuary is 11,070 cubic meters per second, second only to the Yangtze River (31,060 cubic meters per second), six times larger than the Yellow River, and second in the country. bit. The Pearl River water mainly comes from the Xijiang River.The Xijiang River accounts for 77% of the Pearl River's total water volume.The Xijiang River originates from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.Many of its tributaries are developed in limestone areas, forming many beautiful karst landscapes (ie karst landforms).Karst refers to soluble rocks, mainly calcium carbonate in limestone, which is soluble in water and forms a unique landform under the dissolution of running water.In geological history, the Xijiang River Basin was in a humid and rainy tropical climate environment, with high water temperature and abundant water volume, which created unique conditions for the development of karst.Under the dissolution of the surface and groundwater, the karst above and below the ground can be fully developed.Limestone peak clusters, peak forests, isolated peaks, stone forests and karst caves are all typical karst landscapes with great ornamental value, especially when combined with rivers and lakes, they become karst landscape wonders.The upper source of the Xijiang River is the Beipan River, and the valley is deeply cut to form a karst trough. There are many underground rivers and falling water on the tributaries. The famous Huangguoshu Waterfall is on the Tapang River, a tributary. The scenery of the Lijiang River in Guilin, which is "the most beautiful landscape in the world", the landscape of the Zuojiang River, which is "exquisite in the South of the Five Ridges", and the karst caves all over the mountains and mountains are all artistic masterpieces of water, the sculptor of nature. The Lijiang River is a tributary of the Guijiang River in the upper reaches of the Xijiang River, originating in Nanling (Xing'an County).Along the banks of the river, there are beautiful mountains and rivers, strange caves and beautiful rocks, and Guilin is known as the best landscape in the world.Some people use "four musts" to summarize the characteristics of Guilin's landscape. "Four Wonders" is the general term for Zanshan, Daishui, secluded caves and strange stones.Among them, Hairpin Mountain and Daishui come from the famous sentence of Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, "the river is the green belt, and the mountain is like the jade hairpin".Looking at the more than 2,000 square kilometers of scenic spots on both sides of the Lijiang River, it is really magnificent. There are mountains standing like forests of peaks, there are isolated peaks with "a peak rising from the sky", and there are also peaks with multiple peaks.Its shapes include Old Man Peak, Elephant Trunk Mountain, Camel Mountain, Shutong Mountain, Bilian Peak and so on.On the karst plain of Guilin, not only are there "thousands of peaks gushing out from the flat ground", but also clear water like a belt, surrounded by mountains and water, blending mountains and rivers, "the view from the Lijiang River is as clear as practice", "the reflection of the peaks is like mountains and floating water". Guilin "no mountains without caves, no caves without wonders".According to statistics, more than 2,000 caves have been discovered.Such as the famous Reed Flute Cave, Qixing Rock and so on.The rocks in Guilin are rich in shapes and infinitely varied in shape, which are not comparable to other rock types.Whether it is thin, transparent, leaky, wrinkled exquisite stones, or crystal clear jade and colorful stalactites, they are all natural masterpieces that make people appreciate carefully. The beauty of Guilin's landscape lies in the organic combination of Zanshan Mountain, Daishui, secluded caves and strange rocks (Figure 29), forming a beautiful realm of "no water, no mountains, no caves, no mountains, no water, no immersion".The most wonderful scenery of Guilin is the misty rain and dripping shadows.Just like Yuan Mei’s poem from the Qing Dynasty said: “The water is the clearest when the river reaches Xing’an, and there are clusters of green hills growing in the water. You can clearly see the top of the green hill, and the boat goes up on the top of the green hill.” The beautiful Lijiang River, as early as 8,000 years ago, humans have been living in Zengpi Caves.Since Qin Shihuang dug the Ling Canal and opened up the waterways of the Xiangjiang River and the Lijiang River in Hunan, Guilin has become an important town in ancient China that "connects the sea in the south and reaches the Central Plains in the north".秦堤灵渠始建于公元前214年。它与都江堰一样，闪耀着中华民族古老文化的光辉。秦以后，尤其是唐宋以来，大量的摩崖石刻、造像、古建筑等巧构于山、水、洞、石之间；赞美的诗词达4000余首，使仙境般的自然山水，渗透了丰富的文化色彩，形成独具特色的桂林山水文化。常言道：“看山如观画，游山如读史”，游览桂林山水，不仅是一种美的享受，而且会获得许多科学和历史文化知识。 位于南宁地区的左江，也是西江上游的一个小支流。它那曲折多姿，迂回在峰林、峰丛、孤峰之间的如带似练的江水，其景观与漓江相仿。但漓江处于中亚热带，左江却处在准热带地区，其间分布有热带特征的“季雨林型常绿阔叶林”，构成南国奇秀的独特景观。它秀在青山绿水，奇在千姿百态的岩溶地貌、丰富多彩的热带型植被、世界独有的白头叶猴和充满魅力的悬崖壁画。左江两岸除峰林夹江，还有高约20米的沿江陡岸皆以玲珑剔透的“太湖石”(石灰岩)构成，船行江边令人目不暇接。横跨左江南北的(山下弄)〔long弄〕岗——龙瑞自然保护区，拥有最典型的准热带植被。蓊〔weng翁上声〕郁茂密、层次多、种类繁，组成千峰披绿、万山尽翠、生机勃勃的绿色世界。保护区有1400多种热带植物，100余种动物，其中有不少珍稀动植物，如白头叶猴和金花茶，属世界独有。白头叶猴，四肢细长，体态轻盈，除头部和尾巴的毛色雪白外，全身皆黑，食树叶，栖息于悬崖峭壁，常戏耍在崖树之间，非常逗人喜爱。 左江多曲流，河曲外侧往往有奇峰临江崛起，悬崖壁立，雄险逼人，峭壁高100—300米。尤其是在上凸下凹难以攀登的崖壁上，有许多令人迷惑不解的壁画。当地人称“画山”、“仙影山”、“人影山”。这些“仙影”更为奇山秀水增添了神奇色彩。沿江200多公里，两岸共有97座悬崖有崖画，计178处，287组，构成一座巨大的画廊。其中规模最大的是宁明花山崖壁画。花山绝壁临江，崖壁高250米，宽290米，崖壁上部外倾下部内收，形同弧形廊檐。画面长210米，高44米，共1800多个图像。画中以人像为主，还有内容丰富的各种物像。据考古分析，一般认为该画为2000多年前所为。但仍有许多谜未解，因而左江崖画依然蒙着一层神秘的面纱，吸引着无数的游人。 马岭河源自乌蒙山，流入南盘江，流域为岩溶地貌，河谷深切，构成一条宽约200米、岸高120—200米的峡谷，岸上千米山峰如屏如障。两岸陡壁悬崖，飞瀑飘洒，钙华彩结，草木蒙茏其上，构成一条数十公里的天然画廊。 上游河谷两岸各有一处温泉，一称“姑娘泉”，一称“儿子泉”，自古以来，男女对河各自沐浴，已成自然天趣和风俗。纳省峡的赤壁悬崖，堆岩流彩，与清泉飞瀑相映，被誉为“五彩长廊”。更令人流连忘返的还是“天星画廊”峡，其间有10余条瀑布，落差多在100米以上。形态各异的飞瀑、悬瀑和叠瀑各展风姿。瀑布飘落的烟云，在阳光照射下，折成满谷彩虹，一江霞光，一派虚幻神奇景象。河中，岩溶石时起时伏，如岛如屋。河滨有芭蕉、翠竹、绿草和沙滩。绝壁间，吊藤悬木，随风摇曳，生机勃勃。 顺流而下，在连续两公里的绝壁上，由钙华堆积岩构成的大石瀑，高达200米，十分壮观。细细看来，却似数不尽的造型雕琢。马岭河峡谷出口两侧，是极为壮观的峰林景观，因面积达200平方公里，称“万峰林”。翠峰间有流水、田园和村寨。马岭河流域有20多个少数民族，各具特色的风情民俗与山水美景相映生辉。 在北盘江支流打邦河水系不仅有闻名的黄果树瀑布，在它的上下游还有形态各异的瀑布群分布。这些发育在岩溶河谷的瀑布，形态尤为丰富。黄果树瀑布高74米，宽81米，夏季流量可达1000立方米/秒，倾河之水倒泻断崖，奔腾怒吼，声闻数里。 近年来，黄果树上下游岩溶河谷中发现了许多瀑布和典型的岩溶景观。如上游陡坡塘，规模很大的钙华潭及其外溢的瀑布，下游梯田式的螺丝滩瀑布以及千珠万线组成的天星桥银链瀑等等。在天星桥宽阔的谷地上，发育着一片小石林，一般高度四五米左右，石上多长树、藤、仙人掌和兰草，如微缩的山岳，似放大的盆景，十分精巧自然。 樟江是西江北支中的小支流，源于贵州高原南缘的斜坡地带，自北向南流经荔波县境，其流域是发育十分典型的岩溶地貌。樟江地处中亚热带山地湿润气候区，幸存着数百平方公里，世界罕见的亚热带喀斯特原生森林，其生态系统具有极高的科学、美学和保育价值。但是，这种生态系统是十分脆弱的。其周围被开发地区皆为荒山秃岭，这就是例证。因此，保育是第一重要的。 樟江特色在于山石树水，无不生奇，互结互构，融为一体。它的支流大小七孔河流域，便是典型的代表。小七孔响水河上游，有一片奇特的水上森林(图30)。长在岩溶河床上，树不大而奇古，水不深而流急，绿荫下黑石、青苔、树根与清流白浪构成水上森林景观。河岸的龟背山，雕镂百态的岩溶石上，生长着茂密的原始森林，藤萝挂彩，遮天蔽日。下游水出翠谷，奔泻于钙华构成的68级阶梯式的河床中，潭瀑交替、白练银珠落碧潭，水声回荡，在空谷中形成悠扬乐章。大七孔神水河，上游一江碧水穿山切谷，几经曲折，泻入地下成暗河，复出成地上、地下双层河，最后涌出穿过60余米高的天生桥，静静地汇入樟江。 珠江的西江和东江干流以南地区，处热带和南亚热带，为鱼米之乡，且为热带水果如荔枝、龙眼、芒果、木菠萝、香蕉等产区。这里四季常青，花果不败，极为富庶。 在古代，以黄河中下游为活动舞台的中原人看来，天下最大的四条大河，当数江、河、淮、济。这是古人受社会发展水平和地理视野的局限所致。如今，江、淮、河仍为人们所熟知，而济水由于黄河不断改道，袭夺了济水很长一段河道，济水被肢解，其残余河段各取其名，只有它的源头仍叫济水。它在王屋山东南麓的济源市境内，济源是因济水之源得名。城北的济渎池是济水的东源，池前还有一座古代帝王祭祀济水的济渎庙。济渎庙规模宏大，中轴线长500余米，始建于隋开皇二年(公元582年)，现尚存殿宇70多间，包括宋、元、明、清各代古建筑、古碑数十通，以及千年古柏等文物，很有历史文化价值。博览济源，重温历史，可见当年济水在名山大川中的地位。 淮河流域位居中原大地，与黄河下游毗连，历来是中原逐鹿、兵家必争之地。淮河也和黄河一样渗透着中华民族的灿烂文化。黄河是一条悬河，河床高出平原地面数米，黄河河道(包括故道)便成了华北平原上一条特殊的分水岭，亦是世界罕见的分水岭。淮河北部不少支流就发源于此。黄河泛滥曾多次袭夺淮河水系而注入黄海。 沿淮河干流西接秦岭一线的南北两侧，无论地质、地貌、气候、水文、土壤、生物等自然地理要素都有显著的差别，素有我国南、北方的“地理界线”之称。通常所说“南船北马”，“南人吃米”、“北人吃麦”，就是以此线划分南北的。此线以北，最冷的月平均气温低于0℃，土壤与河流冻结，冬季不能生长作物，基本无常绿阔叶林，水分不足，农业以旱作为主。此线以南，最冷月均温高于0℃，土壤与河流基本不冻结，全年可生长作物，有常绿阔叶树，水分较充足，以水田作物为主。因此，淮河在地理科学上是很有意义的。 钱塘江古称浙江，也是浙江省名的由来。它发源于皖南休宁板仓，全长494公里，注入杭州湾流向东海。流域面积五万平方公里。从长度论，它算不上一条大江，但从江河景观来看，钱塘江却是一条名副其实的名江大河！ 钱塘江地处中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带，植被良好，气候温暖，雨量充沛。黄河长虽为钱塘江11倍，流域面积为15倍，但两条河的平均水流量却相差无几。钱塘江上游称新安江，中游称富春江，下游才称钱塘江，是一条物华民丰的锦绣之江。 新安江以山青水碧而闻名，素有“锦峰秀岭，山水之乡”的美誉。江水之清使一生好入名山游的李白赞叹不已：“清溪清我心，水色异诸水；借问新安江，见底何如此！人行明镜中，鸟度屏风里。”新安江穿行于重山复岭之间，迂回于丘陵盆地之中。自50年代新安江水库建成后，一坝挡碧水，高峡出平湖。湖面有575平方公里，浩如碧海，湖中有1078座岛屿，故又名千岛湖。湖周群山环抱，绵延起伏；湖中千岛浮翠，波光粼粼，倒影如镜；岛上林木蓊翳，洞石幽奇，景观各异，如同水上仙境。 富春江是一条充满诗情画意的名江，有“天下佳山水，古今推富春”之誉。登富阳鹳山的“春江第一楼”，观富春江景色，江面舒展，近山如黛，远岭淡抹，江轮与白帆争流，鸥鸟同白云齐飞，如诗似画。富春江两岸盆地、平原、峡谷相间，沙洲散落于江水中间，江上渔舟，田间稻香，一派水乡风情。春来桃花满坞，夏日绿荫青山，秋桕染红碧水蓝天，冬天绿竹丛中盛开白梅。古镇临江，青瓦粉墙、层楼错落，码头上下车船奔忙。 富春江最引人入胜处是七里泷峡谷，又称严陵濑，有“严陵山水甲天下”的美称。峡谷下游，东西两岸有临江对峙的两座石峰，高数十丈，顶平如台，颇为壮观。东台称严子陵钓台。严子陵是刘秀的同窗，曾帮助刘秀复兴汉室，立过功劳。刘秀当皇帝后，召其为官，他婉言谢绝，隐居富春江，并常到此钓鱼。历代名人在钓鱼台留下不少墨迹，以追思这位高士的品德。宋代文学家范仲淹还在此筑严子陵祠，并颂曰：“云山苍苍，江水泱泱，先生之风，山高水长。” 富春江过闻家堰，称钱塘江，江面壮阔，一展平川，浩浩荡荡，极具大江风采。当你漫步钱江大桥，或登临杭州月轮山六和塔鸟瞰，大江风采一览无遗。 钱塘江口形似喇叭，每当夏季涨潮时，大潮向江口涌来，渐近浪越高，形成一道接一道高出水面数米的“水堤浪坝”，以翻江倒海之势，轰雷震耳之声，排空而来，构成钱塘江怒潮奇观。每年农历八月十八日前后，钱塘江潮水最大。自唐朝以来，海宁观钱塘大潮已成风俗。南宋建都杭州，朝廷规定每年八月十八日在海宁江面检阅水师。还有“弄潮儿”在惊涛骇浪中表演各种弄潮技巧(类似现代的冲浪运动)。海潮来势汹涌，为了防止潮水为害，自秦汉以来，在钱塘两岸不断修筑海塘。2000多年来，筑成一道长400多公里的“防海长城”，成为世界上最著名的海岸工程之一。如今站在那高八米的防海长城之上，观览钱江怒潮，怎能不为古代劳动人民的伟大创造所折服！ 波澜壮阔的钱塘江，充满诗情画意的富春江，哺育了勤劳智慧的劳动人民；生养了忍辱负重，雪耻报国的绝代佳人西施；激励着“卧薪尝胆”发愤图强、报仇雪恨的越王勾践；留传着不以功劳、王亲享权贵，甘愿耕钓富春江的严子之风；洒下了一身正气的谢翱恸哭民族英雄文天祥那悲壮的珠泪！巍巍的鹳山之上，“双松挺秀”亭伴，还长存着为反抗法西斯侵略、维护民族尊严而牺牲的近代文学家郁达夫兄弟之英灵。 充满诗情画意的富春江，触动过多少炎黄子孙的心灵，产生多少与江山相辉映的诗篇！今天，钱塘江又以崭新的姿容迎接来自五湖四海的高朋佳宾！