Chapter 15 Section 2 Famous Mountains in the East China Sea

Mount Putuo is an island mountain made of granite in the Zhoushan Islands, covering an area of ​​12.5 square kilometers. Under the action of waves, it has formed rich sea erosion landforms, laying the foundation for the beautiful natural landscape.The vegetation on the mountain is luxuriant, and the ancient trees are towering, which adds to the artistic conception of the fairy mountain on the sea.According to legend, in the Five Dynasties, Japanese monks returned home from Mount Wutai to enshrine the statue of Guanyin. When the wind was blocked in Mount Putuo, they enshrined the statue of Guanyin in the huts of residents near Chaoyin Cave, named "Refused to Go to Guanyin Temple".Since then, the incense has been flourishing. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it reached the scale of "five hundred forests and three thousand monks", becoming one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in my country.Mount Putuo is the dojo dedicated to Guanyin Bodhisattva, and has become a well-known "sea and sky Buddhist kingdom" at home and abroad.

This Buddhist country has experienced more than a thousand years of tortuous history and created a rich Buddhist culture.Now the whole mountain is still centered on the three major temples, connecting more than 50 nunneries and more than 10 thatched huts through the primary and secondary incense roads, forming a very distinctive temple system.Puji Temple is located at the eastern foot of Meiling Mountain, surrounded by mountains on three sides and connected to the sea in the east.Fayu Temple (Figure 22) is located under the majestic Guangxi Peak, hidden in the ancient camphor forest. There are more than 200 halls, buildings, buildings and pavilions in the whole temple, which were built in the Ming Dynasty.Huiji Temple, also known as Fodingshan Temple, was built in the depression on the top of the mountain, hidden among ancient trees and flowers, and has the artistic conception of "ancient temple hidden in the deep mountain".Other temples and huts are scattered among the mountains and ridges, among the lush forests and ancient trees, and the natural structure is like a wonderful creation made by heaven and earth.

Putuo Mountain is 285 meters above sea level. Although it is not high, it has ups and downs, twists and turns on the coast, and rich granite shapes, forming many intriguing landscapes.For example, the Qianbusha and Baibusha beaches, which are "yellow like gold flakes and soft like moss", are the best places to watch the sunrise on the sea - the Chaoyangtu Cave of "Chaoyang Rising Sun", the "Chaoyin Cave" where you can listen to the rhythm of the tide, and the "Chaoyin Cave" where Shifeng plunges into the sea. Nantianmen, as well as Pantuo stone, Shishi and other peculiar landscapes.

The Shengsi Islands in the north of the Zhoushan Islands are located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, more than 70 kilometers away from Shanghai. The Shengsi Islands were formed when the Tiantai Mountains extended northeast and sank into the sea.In the vast sea area of ​​more than 9,000 square kilometers, there are more than 160 islands and more than 200 reefs scattered, known as "Sea Fairy Mountains".In the blue sea and blue sky, there are strange and magnificent reefs, emerald green islands, steep cliffs, and vast and clean beaches, together with sailing giant ships, it is a beautiful view of mountains and seas!

The Shengsi Islands are mostly granite bodies, weathered and eroded by waves, the islands have different shapes, and there are many strange peaks, strange rocks and beautiful reefs.There are steep cliffs here, such as the coastline of more than 1,000 meters in the east of Shengshan Island, which is a cliff rising from the sea level, with a height of 60-70 meters and a maximum of more than 80 meters. , is extremely spectacular.There are also broad beaches here, with nearly 20 high-quality beaches over 300 meters wide, covering an area of ​​1.2 million square meters.Among them, Jihu and Nanchangtu beaches on Sijiao Island are the most, with wide fine sand beaches and gentle slopes, making them ideal bathing beaches.

Shengsi is the central fishing ground of Zhoushan Islands. The scenery of the fishing port and the style of the fishing village are intertwined into a poetic picture of the island style. Taiwan is the largest island in my country with an area of ​​35,989.76 square kilometers.There are more than 200 peaks with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters, and the highest peak, Yushan Peak, reaches 3,997 meters, which is the highest peak in the eastern half of my country. The latitude of Taiwan is relatively low, the topographical height difference is large, the mountain climate and vegetation have obvious vertical differences, and the types of vegetation are complex and diverse, so the natural mountain landscape is extremely rich and colorful.Among them, Alishan, Sun Moon Lake, Yushan, Qingshui Cliff, and Datun Volcanic Group are particularly elegant.

Alishan is the westernmost mountain range on Taiwan Island. Its main peak is 2,905 meters above sea level.Taiwan is known as the "Asian Natural Botanical Garden", especially in Alishan, where the vegetation is the most lush.From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there are vegetation in three zones: hot, warm and cold.Famous tree species include coconut, betel nut, banyan tree, acacia, camphor, nan, 槠〔zhuzhu〕, zelkova〔juju〕, oak〔lili〕 and other broad-leaved trees, as well as red cypress, cypress, fir, spruce, hemlock and five Coniferous trees such as pine needles.In this green ocean, the breeze is blowing, thousands of branches are whirling, and the sound is like a harp.When the strong wind blows, the sound of Lintao's huge waves is like thunder, and the echo between rocks and gullies vibrates, and the sound is heard for tens of miles, which is the ten thousand hectares of Lintao in Alishan.Among the forests in Alishan, the towering "sacred tree" is the most eye-catching. "Shenmu" has a circumference of more than 20 meters near the ground and a height of more than 50 meters.According to research, the tree is more than 3,000 years old and is known as the "King of Asian Trees".The sea of ​​clouds in Alishan is one of the "Eight Views of Taiwan".There are also alpine botanical gardens and alpine museums on the mountain.

To the north of Alishan, in Nantou County, there is the famous Sun Moon Lake.It is the largest natural lake on the island of Taiwan.It is formed by the accumulation of water in the fault basin between Yushan and Alishan.The water surface is 736 meters above sea level, and the lake surface is 7.7 square kilometers. Lintan is surrounded by mountains, lush trees, overlapping mountains, and extremely deep.There are many pavilions and pavilions at the foot of the pool, Longhu Pavilion and Hanbi Tower, which are quiet and elegant, and are the best places to enjoy the lake and mountains.There are many ancient temples and pagodas in the forest surrounding the valley, among which the Xuanzang Temple at the foot of Qinglong Mountain in the south of Tantan and the Wenwu Temple at the mountainside in the north of Tantan are the most famous.

Yushan is located between Alishan and the Central Mountain Range. The main peak is 3997 meters, which is the highest peak in Taiwan. It is covered with snow all the year round and looks like jade in the distance.The main peak is graceful and graceful, high above the peaks, surrounded by four peaks in the east, west, south and north.In winter, the peaks are wrapped in plains, and the mountains are covered with silver, reflecting the lush forests in the mountains, which is even more magnificent.Yushan Snow is one of the eight famous scenic spots in Taiwan. The east coast of Taiwan is a fault coastline, except for a small alluvial plain, the coastline is basically a relatively straight cliff.Fault cliffs approach the sea, among which Qingshui cliffs and cliffs with thousands of feet are the wonders of the world.The cliff is more than 1,500 meters high, and the bank slope is extremely steep. One or two nautical miles away, the water depth can reach 500-600 meters. Thirty nautical miles away is the bottom of the Pacific Ocean basin at a depth of 4000-4500 meters.Looking at the sea from the cliff, overlooking the turbulent waves and splashing waves under the cliff, it is extremely spectacular.Overlooking the Pacific Ocean, the water and the sky are the same color, and the sky is boundless.

To the south of Qingshui Cliff is the world-famous Taroko Marble Canyon landscape.This is 4 million years ago, when the Eurasian continental plate and the Philippine oceanic plate collided with each other, causing the formation of Taiwan to rise violently, and the Liwu River, which is abundant in rainfall, continuously cut down the ancient Dali rock formation of Taroko, forming a deep gorge cliff.The collision of plates is a complex process of crustal changes, which lasts forever, forming macroscopic scenes such as mountains, canyons, cliffs, waterfalls, and streams.In the canyon, you can also see the complex changes of the strata and the weathering of external forces, resulting in changes in the bedding, color, line, shape, and block of the marble strata, forming endless microscopic scenes.The complex topography and climate of Taroko create a material basis for biodiversity.From the altitude of 0 meters at the mouth of the stream to the top of the mountain at 3740 meters, there are subtropical, warm temperate, cold temperate, subfrigid and frigid plant zones vertically distributed.There are more than 1,100 kinds of plants, including 57 rare plants. Qingshui Junbai, Nanhu Rhododendron, Taroko Oak, etc. have high scientific research value.

There are also many animals unique to Taiwan, such as the blue-bellied pheasant (Xian Xian), Taiwan blue magpie, sansho fish, cherry hooked salmon, snow mountain grass lizard, etc., all of which have high scientific research value.In addition, macaques, Taiwanese black bears, long-maned goats, and more than 100 species of butterflies appear on the cliffs of the valley from time to time, showing the harmony and integrity of the natural ecology.The prehistoric ruins at the mouth of Liwu River and the Hehuan Crossing Ridge Trail can also trace ancient civilizations. The north and south ends of Taiwan Island have unique landscapes.The Kenting tropical coastal landscape at the southern end and the Yangmingshan volcanic landscape at the northern end have their own characteristics.The Hengchun Peninsula in Kenting has a complex terrain, with high-quality sandy beaches, skirt coral reefs, rocky coasts, isolated peaks, rivers, lakes and other landscapes.The seawater temperature is between 20°C and 30°C, the water quality is clear, and there are a wide variety of tropical marine life. At the northern end of Yangming Mountain, there is the Datun Volcanic Group, which consists of 16 volcanic cones.Datun Volcano lives in the mountains, with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters. On the top, there is a funnel-shaped crater with a diameter of 360 meters and a depth of 60 meters.Qixing Mountain is 1190 meters above sea level, and there are seven small peaks on the top, which are graceful and graceful like seven fairies, so it is named Qinv Peak.It is the youngest volcano in the volcanic group, and it is constantly emitting sulfur fumes.The Datun Volcanic Group is full of hot springs, among which the Yangmingshan and Beitou hot springs are the most famous, and they are the best summer resorts in Taiwan. Taimu Mountain faces the sea on three sides. It is said that the immortals of the East China Sea gather here every year, so it is called "the capital of immortals on the sea".It rises on the coast of the East China Sea in Fuding County, Fujian Province. The main peak, Moxiao Peak, is 1080 meters above sea level, majestic and majestic.Taimu Mountain is a granite mountain with well-developed vertical joints and structural fractures. After gravity collapse, spherical weathering and sea erosion, it has formed extremely rich landforms.The rare granite peak forest landscape, "the peaks are inserted into the sky, and the faces are green and hibiscus", is amazing.There are a large number of magical high-grade modeling stones. It is really said that "the grandma has no vulgar stones, and all of them are exquisite. Follow people's will and know everything, everything is in the chest."Such as "immortal sawing board", "monk preaching scriptures", "golden cat attacking mouse", "husband and wife peak" and so on, are vivid and dizzying.A series of "corridor-style fissure caves" in the peaks and mountains are also rare in granite mountains.According to the survey, there are more than 100 caves. Taimu Mountain is magnificent in shape, with strange and dangerous rocks, which complement each other with islands and fishing sails on the sea. Every time the fog rises, it becomes more "fairy".From ancient legends to the temples and cliff carvings built since the Tang and Song Dynasties, rich historical and cultural content has been injected into Taimu Mountain, which makes Taimu Mountain have a high cultural taste. Haitan is located in the waters of Pingtan County, Fujian Province. It faces the Taiwan Strait to the east and is the closest place on both sides of the Strait.It looks as flat as an altar from a distance, so it is named Haitan.Pingtan County is known as Thousands of Reefs and Hundreds of Islets. There are mountains, seas, islands, reefs and stones to form an infinite variety of landscape resources. Among them, "Sea Temple of God" and "Fengze Stone Sail" are the most distinctive.There are also high-quality sandy beaches that give people endless enjoyment. The "Haitan God" is exactly like a male god lying on his back on the waves of the blue sea.It has a body length of 330 meters and a chest width of 150 meters. The whole body is made of white granite.Its head, ears, neck, chest, abdomen, and hands are in a moderate proportion, and the masculine features under the abdomen are also very vivid.According to legend, this "God" was a totem worshiped by fishermen on both sides of the Taiwan Strait in the past.From today's point of view, this "Tianjin" is a "giant spherical columnar granite weathered body", which is a masterpiece of "round sculpture" of nature.The wonder of good fortune is amazing. "Fengze Stone Sail" is also known as "Double Sail Stone" (Figure 23). One is high and the other is low. The high one is 30 meters, and the low one is 19 meters.This pair of stone sails is also a "masterpiece" of granite vertical joints and spherical weathering, and is the largest granite sea stack discovered so far in my country. On Shuangshifan and other islands, the stone egg terrain formed by the spherical weathering of granite is round, simple and intriguing. The Haitan landscape not only has rare sea stone wonders, but also has a large-scale seaside beach.There are 40 high-quality beaches in the entire archipelago, with a total length of 70 kilometers, which can accommodate a large number of tourists. Wanshi Mountain is located in the eastern suburbs of Xiamen, and Gulangyu Island faces Xiamen across the sea.These two granite hills are covered with exposed spherical stones and rich landforms formed by sea erosion, forming a variety of stone-based landscapes.With their own unique aesthetics, people use cliff carvings to endow stubborn stones with cultural and artistic life.For example, the inscription "Wanhu Chaotian" is inscribed on the top of the rock of Wangulian Temple, which is located among the rocks, and "Little Taoyuan" is engraved among the flowing springs under the rock.Taipingyan cracked like a stone, and the side title is "Stone Smile".Another example is Sunlight Rock, the highest peak on Gulangyu Island, where Zheng Chenggong practiced his navy in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.There are majestic inscriptions on the mountain, such as "Guangfutai", "Fujian Haixiongfeng", "strive for glory with the sun".On the wall of the Changxiao Cave under Tianjie Peak in Tianjie Temple, there is a poem inscribed by the Pingwo generals in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty: "The Pianshi crossed Penghu in the spring, the Holy Master first divided the overseas talismans, the drums and drums sounded thunderously, and the 舳舻〔zhu luzhulu] A hundred feet of waves are flattened; contending that the evil spirit in the sun is evil, and the sky is against the lonely, and it is better to sing early for the victory of the road. In the south of the Yangtze River, there are water shield (chun pure) perch in May." It shows the patriotic officers and soldiers defending the motherland's sea area. , the determination to fight against the enemy. On the Xiamen Liberation Monument built after liberation, there is Chen Yi's inscription "the martyrs' heroic spirit will forever conquer the sea and the border", so that lofty aspirations and famous mountains coexist! With the expansion and development of Xiamen, Gulangyu Scenic Area is gradually surrounded by high-rise buildings, forming an urban park, and the natural scenery is gradually lost, which is quite a pity.