Chapter 28 The seventh section is from "Wrestling", "Touhu Xinge", "Yue Shu" to "Old Stories of Wulin"

In the Song Dynasty, monographs on the research, compilation and summary of acrobatic art appeared successively, which shows that the acrobatic art in our country has developed greatly. First appeared Tiao Luzi (pen name) "The Story of Wrestling".Tiao Luzi's real name and residence are unknown. "Jie Li Ji" is recorded in the "Song Zhi" subcategory of novels. It is from the Tang Dynasty, actually from the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Song Dynasty.The original book has been lost. When sorting out the ancient books from Qianlong to Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, Wu Yifeng collected some remnants, sorted them out and republished them, and now they are kept in the Linlang Secret Room Series.It is the first monograph to record and study the history and current situation of wrestling, wrestling and sumo wrestling in ancient my country.There are three major contributions: First, it clarifies in detail the changes in names such as jiaodi, wrestling, hand fighting, and sumo.The second is to record the historical data of wrestling, as well as historical sumo masters, such as Liu Zizhu and Wang Hong in the Jin Dynasty, Li Cunxu [xu Xu] and Wang Du, Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties.The third is to record the development and changes of wrestling techniques. By the Tang Dynasty, it had reached a higher level of "lightness and swiftness", that is, fast wrestling. "The Story of Wrestling" had a great influence on the development and research of wrestling and sumo wrestling.During the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, this book was spread to Mongolia, where it became very popular. Up to now, Mongolians still love wrestling.During the Jiajing and Longqing years of the Ming Dynasty, under the influence of "Jie Li Ji", the book "Wanfa Quanshu" was published, with drawings and explanations, which are extremely detailed.This book was passed to Japan by Chen Wenyun [yun halo] at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty.Chen Wenyun took refuge in Japan with the great scholar Zhu Shunshui. Chen was proficient in hand-to-hand combat and taught Japanese ronin Miura, Jiemon, Isogai Jirozaemon, Fukuno Shichiroemon and others. Become today's world-wide judo movement.

In the book "Touhu Xinge" written by Sima Guang, a famous historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, the rules of touhu were revised, and the meaning and technical essentials of touhu were elaborated in detail.He believes that throwing pots can not only heal the mind, but also cultivate the body.He also combined the requirements of pitching pot skills to promote the important theory of Confucianism, the doctrine of the mean: Sima Guang also recorded in the book many more difficult throwing skills, such as throwing the arrow into the pot and jumping out, and then throwing the arrow into the pot, which is called "Xiao Jian", and throwing the arrow across the ear of the pot is called "Heng Er". Arrows enter the pot shallowly and the pole leans on the left and right mouths of the pot, which is called "leaning on the pole". Or it is called "Wolf Pot". When throwing arrows into the pot, it is called "Inverted Middle".In the book, Sima Guang made a summary and research on the acrobatic art of throwing pots, which is very valuable.But he also far-fetchedly applied some political terms to the skill of throwing pots, which had some side effects on the development of throwing pots.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Chen Yang wrote "Book of Music".Chen Yang was born in Sanshan, Fujian Province (now Fuzhou City). He was a doctor of imperial studies during Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty. The date of birth and death is unknown. The 200 volumes of "Book of Music", known as "Chen Yang's Book of Music", was completed before the first year of Jingguo (1101 A.D.) when Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty established China. The first 95 volumes are excerpts from "Zhou Li", "Book of Rites", "Book of Songs", "Spring and Autumn", "Book of Changes", "Book of Filial Piety", "Mencius" and other books about music, expounding the traditional Confucian music thought, the last 105 volumes, discussing rhythm, five tones, The music, dance, miscellaneous music, and hundred operas of the past dynasties are illustrated with accompanying drawings.Among them, in the "Hu Department" of "Le Tu Lun" in Volume 173, "Sword Dance", "Lion Dance", "Bone Deer Dance" (Hu Xuan Dance), "Inverted Dance", "Head Dance", "Play Brahmin", "City Dance".Volume 181 "Le Tu Lun" in the "Music Department" records the "Qing Cup Dance", "Healthy Dance" and "Ruan Dance" in the Tang Dynasty.Volume 183 "Le Tu Lun" in the "Music Department" records the "monkey dance", "rope dance" and "pole dance". A wonderful top pole performance.In Volume 186 "Le Tu Lun", in the "Common Section" and "Miscellaneous Section", it is not only recorded in the entries of "Sanyue Shang", "Sanyue Xia", "Baixi Shang" and "Baixi Xia" From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, the history and changes of the development of Jiaodai and Baixi, also listed and verified 32 kinds of acrobatics from ancient times to the Northern Song Dynasty in detail in "Zaile": Sword Opera, Yan Opera, Dichuan Opera, Turtle Opera, etc.忭〔bianbian〕, Carrying Ding, Rolling Clothes, Snow White, Mountain Carriage, Giant Elephant, Swallowing Knife, Spitting Fire, Killing Circus, Peeling Donkey, Planting Melon, Pulling Well, Raspberry Moss Opera, Jiaodi Opera, Chiyou Opera, Yulong Opera, Manyan Opera, Paimen (ta couch) Opera, Wrestling Opera, Anger (chen'an) Face Opera, Daimian Opera, Chongzai Opera, Toujianmen Opera, Cuju Opera, Cuqiu Opera, Taqiu Opera, Shu Opera, Drama Opera, Wufeng Opera.Among them, the play of banging doors, that is, the Tang Dynasty teasing "Fan Kuai Pai Jun Nan", is a story of "a feast at the Hongmen".There are 43 kinds of "Miscellaneous Music" recorded in the "Music Department" in Volume 187 "Le Tu Lun": Haichang, Lanmanyue, Yuanqi Opera, Phoenix Opera, Joining the Army Opera, Fake Women Opera, Su Pa Opera, and Lu Moji, Wupanji, Changyuji, Bell-jumping, Throwing, Sword-dancing, Sword-swallowing, Wulun, Touxia, Gaoling, Macaque, Yuangan, Wanzhu , Danzhu, Dulu, Wheel Zhejiao (doudou) , Exorcism, Qingzilu, Baihu, Throwing, Throwing, Through Sumeru, Through Huangshan, Through Three Gorges, Shouqiao, Qilin, Long Snake, Fengshu, Eaves, Hu, Zangxi, Zaxuan, Spear, Cuping, Qingdai, Yaoyao, and Hida.Among them, Haichong, Joining the Army, Fake Women, Su Pa, and Lan Man Le are all early forms of Chinese operas. Joining the army or performing tea sage Lu Yu, and Su Pa, which is Su Zhonglang in the later Zhou Dynasty, are not acrobatic art.Phoenix opera and Fengshu tricks are actually one kind, that is, the "Phoenix title book" introduced in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties sections of this book.Chen Yang studied and sorted out the names of almost all acrobatics from the pre-Qin period to the early Song Dynasty in the "Book of Music", and provided the classification of Sanle Baixi for later generations.But because he started from the orthodox thought of feudal society, he didn't study acrobatics deeply, and the concepts of "play" and "juggle" in ancient times were somewhat vague, so not only some places were inappropriate, but he even belittled and criticized the art of acrobatics. , which is not desirable.

The last is the ten volumes of "Old Stories of Wulin" compiled by Sishui Qianfu in the late Southern Song Dynasty.Sishui diver is Zhou Mi's alias.Zhou Mi (1232-1298 A.D.) was styled Gongjin, nicknamed Caochuang, also known as Xiaozhai and Sishui Qianfu.During the reign of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty, he served as magistrate of Yiwu County. He was not an official in the Song Dynasty. "Old Stories of Wulin" was written by him after his country was destroyed and his family was destroyed, recalling the old events of the old capital in the Southern Song Dynasty.Volume 6 "Wazi Goulan" and "Actors of All Colors" have preserved important materials for the study of acrobatics in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Under the article "Wazigoulan", 23 tile houses in Hangzhou are recorded and explained: It can be seen from this that there were many Goulan houses in Hangzhou at that time, the scale was large, and the performances of various skills were prosperous. There are 55 types of occupations recorded under the article "Music Artists", of which about 20 are definitely acrobatics: Lin Yuxian, Zhao Shishilang, Zhao Jiaxi and other 19 people. Wang Xiaoxian Shi Banxian Zhang Xiaoxian Yuan Chengju Wu Jinjiao playing big head Wu kite Li Saiqiang a piece of gold Li Zhengui Wang Yuda Zhang Guansuo knocked down Shan and other 44 people.

Yuan fish head, crane head, mandarin duck head and other 9 people. Seven people including Han Chunchun embroidered Lebo brocade and Lebo. Tianwu Zhang (hitting the stone ball), Hua Maer (dumping the stone pier), Guo Jie and other 6 people. Yu Maxian (two people) Yang Baoyao Sibaichang Wu Siman Wang Lin Sijiu Niang (female stream) Huang Ruyi Fan Laoer Xiaosun Zhang Ming Cai Run Zhou Chang (crossbow making) Kang Chen (arrow making) Yao Dalin Si Jiuniang (female stream) Huang Yixiu Yang Bao Lu Xingzhuang scholar Shen Xi Yao Ju Jiang Ade Zhongsheng Wu Baisi Pan Shanshou Su Ali Yuqing Feng Xiren Li San (Jiao Xiong)

Zhao Shishilang Zhao Shiqilang King Hozen Dumb eight thank sticks to kill painted cows and monks Lu Bitou on Wednesday Chen Taibao Xia Daozi Dai Guanren Du Qisheng Among them, Lin Sijiuniang is an expert at playing bombs and shooting crossbows, Shi Banxian is an expert at juggling juggling and making clay balls, and Zhao Shishilang is an expert at teaching birds, insects and ants. The animal trickster Zhao Shishilang" matter.In addition, Volume 1 also records that in the third year of Chunxi (1176 A.D.) in the third year of Emperor Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1176 A.D.), a lantern show was performed to celebrate the 70th birthday of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, who had abdicated. Among them was Zhao Xi, an acrobat performing arts "Eternal Reunion", "Birthday Wishing Immortals" and Qiaobaixi programs, Yao Run performed teasing "Shouguo Freeing Life" and dancing "Shouxing".Among the acrobats participating in the celebration, there are nine acrobats including Yao Run, 10 people including Zhang Chun who are female servants, Shen Qing, etc., 64 people who are performing a hundred operas, and Hu Fu and two others who are ventriloquist in Baiqinming. "Old Stories of Wulin" is a book written by Song people that records the most information about acrobats, and it is an important document for studying the history of Chinese acrobatics.