Chapter 25 Fourth Sumo, Joe Sumo

Sumo wrestling is a kind of wrestling sport, known as wrestling and wrestling in ancient times.According to the "Book of Jin" when discussing wrestling, it says: "Jiao, school strength is also true, but famous sayings have elegance and vulgarity. Elegance is Xiang (扌费) [fei fee], and vulgarity is sumo." In fact In the Jin Dynasty, "fighting", "hand fighting" and "sumo wrestling" were called together.In the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, it was called "Pai Zhang".In the Song Dynasty, it was generally called "Sumo", and Sima Guang, a historian of the Song Dynasty, also called it "hand fighting".During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao vigorously advocated Jiao Da, which was not only included in the hundred operas, but also used in military training.Chapter 70 describes:

It is very likely that Xishu also included sumo in its military training at that time.In the Five Dynasties, Tiao Luzi's "Jie Li Ji" also records, "Shangyuan in the capital of Shu (now Chengdu) will be in the Xueshe, and the plains in front of the mountains will be the field, and the new grass will be like a field. The day will be square, and a couple will go away. Or The winners will produce goods, reward the horses, and embrace them.”Probably Xichuan is quite popular.Yue Fei, a famous general in the Song Dynasty, saw that sumo wrestling was beneficial to the actual combat of the army, and once reformed sumo wrestling as one of the necessary methods for military training.The Song Dynasty paid more attention to sumo wrestling, and set up a military chief who was in charge of sumo organization, training, and competitions. There was a system of screening, assessment, selection, promotion, and rewards for sumo wrestlers.When the Song Dynasty held a grand banquet in the palace, after the imperial wine tour reached the ninth cup, there would be sumo wrestling performed by the left and right soldiers to cheer up the wine.At that time, in Bianliang, Tokyo and Wazi in other metropolises, entertainers often performed acrobatic performances of sumo, Joe sumo and children's sumo, and established the "Jiaodai Society" using the ancient name.In the folk sumo competitions, some women also take part in the activities, such as Nv飐 [zhan Xin] Sai Guansuo, Xiao Sanniang, Hei Sijie, etc., are all famous sumo competition masters.In "Old Stories of Wulin", they are called "female scorpions", which means that their moves are unpredictable, or their movements are as fast as the wind. Famous artists recorded in the book include Han Chunchun, Xiu Lebo, Jin Lebo .It can also be seen from the stage names of these female artists that they are required to be fast, graceful and attractive.In the South of Dumen Temple in Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty, a ring was set up to compete in skills, so that sumo masters from various counties competed for the "virtuous head".Among them, not only Liangshan heroes Yan Qing and Jiao Ting are sumo masters, but even Liangshan's enemy Optimus Prime and even the traitor Gao Qiu are good at sumo wrestling.From the two chapters of "Yan Qingzhi Pounces on Optimus Prime" and "Tumbles Down the Taiwei", we can know the method of sumo in Song Dynasty.

Although the Ming Dynasty did not set up a special management institution for sumo, it included sumo in the "Six Royals" and became an item for the army to train martial arts.According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty Jiang Bin Biography": "Every practice is in the inner room, and wrestling is used. The emperor (specified Wu Zong Zhu Houzhao)'s military uniform is passed down from generation to generation." All emperors of the Qing Dynasty advocated sumo wrestling, and set up "sumo wrestling". Camp", which was later renamed "Shanpuying", and the Manchu people also called it "Buku" opera.Emperor Kangxi Xuanye trained a group of young eunuchs to practice "Buku" opera, arrested the powerful minister Obai and seized power.

Joe Sumo, is a new program of the sumo show.Joe, pretending.That is to imitate sumo wrestling actions in a funny and humorous form, giving the audience a relaxed pleasure.It is recorded in "Old Stories of the Wulin" Volume 6 "Artists of All Colors" that the famous performers engaged in Qiao Sumo in Hangzhou include Yuanyutou, Heertou, Yuanyangtou, Yihei, Yibai, Doumenqiao, Bai Yugui, He Bai Fish, Night Pearl, etc.In the "Dance Team" section of Volume 2 of this book, there are also records of Qiao Sanjiao, Qiao Yingjiu, Qiao's marriage, Qiao Leshen (Ma Mingwang), Qiao Zhuo Snake, Qiao Xuetang, Qiao's family, Qiao Xiangsheng, Qiao Shiniang, alone Qiao Wait for the specific program of Joe Sumo.Joe Sumo either performs a mimetic one-act skit for one person, or imitates the moves of two sumo wrestlers for one person at the same time.The specific imitation method is not detailed in historical data. According to today's acrobatic "fake wrestling" and other speculations, it is probably made in advance with cloth, cotton, and straw. Two idols that look like real people hold each other with their hands in a sumo pose. During the performance, the face of the dummy is made up more carefully, and the lower part of the clothes is connected, so that the performer can hide the real body in the clothes cover, and the upper part of the two cotton dolls is carried on the back, and the two legs are used as a puppet. Use the two hands of a human being as the feet of another puppet, and then perform the sumo wrestling movements of two people wrestling with each other, choking each other's legs, pushing and shoving each other, which is very realistic. Sometimes, the actor appeared to reveal the authenticity, or because the two puppets fell to the ground at the same time, the real body of Joe sumo wrestler was revealed from the clothes cover, which made the audience laugh and wow.Sometimes an entertainer plays a one-man show, which is also a satirical and exaggerated performance, and there are thrilling scenes.Qiao sumo is divided into two parts: text and martial arts. Wen sumo portrays characters in a comical form, while martial arts sumo mainly focuses on martial arts and funny technical performances, and sometimes uses "giants, dwarves, and jokes as a couple."Regarding the makeup of sumo wrestlers in the Song Dynasty, Japanese sumo wrestlers still maintain some traces of ancient times, and they are nude or semi-naked, women are no exception, in order to show the body's fitness.Our country started from the Song Dynasty, which emphasized the feudal and pedantic concept. At that time, as "female singers" entertainers, they would never perform nude or semi-naked performances.Qiao Sumo has varying degrees of influence on the art of opera, double reed, and cross talk in Ming and Qing Dynasties and even modern times.