Chapter 53 Section 7 The Opening of Frontier Post Posts in the Qing Dynasty

During the Qing Dynasty, my country's multi-ethnic unified country was further developed.The Qing government opened up many new post roads and set up a number of post offices in the northeast, north, northwest and southwest border areas.These institutions have different names depending on the region. Most of them are called "posts", military ones are called "zhans", Xinjiang and Gansu are called "tangs", northern Mongolia is called "tai", and parts of Gansu are also called "suo". Wait.The rulers of the Qing Dynasty inherited the advantages of previous generations of border post stations according to the different conditions of the border areas, and built a dense communication post network throughout the country.Zhong Qi, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said: "I am in charge of encircling post stations at the frontier, and I will gather great achievements in Gaozong." Gaozong is Qianlong.It means that during the Qianlong period, my country's post office industry reached its peak in ancient times.

At that time, post offices in Northeast China developed fastest.This place is the birthplace of the Manchus, the ruling ethnic group in the Qing Dynasty, and it is also an outpost to deal with the aggression of Tsarist Russia.The emperors of the Qing Dynasty paid special attention to the construction of local post offices.Emperor Kangxi once said: "This is the place where post stations were established, and the relationship is important." When he was in power, a total of 20 post stations were set up in Heilongjiang Province, and another 10 stations were added during Yongzheng.There are five direct post roads from Heilongjiang to Beijing, each of which starts from Qiqihar, Aihui, and Zhuketey Grassland, and is about 3,000 miles long.The post road from Qiqihar directly to the capital, commonly known as "Dazhan Road", also known as "Royal Road", is a road specially used for the emperor's tribute, and it is also a road dedicated to the official government.After the Battle of Yaksa, the Qing army left a large post road in Heilongjiang for transporting military supplies. During the Guangxu period, it was re-opened as a road to Mohe to purchase gold mines. This is the famous "Golden Road" in history.Li Jinyong, an official of the Qing Dynasty, followed this ancient post road and personally surveyed the roadbed.Braving the cold wind and heavy snow, crossing mountains and ridges, crossing ditches and climbing cliffs, finally opened up this post road and developed the Mohe gold mine.During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there were originally 25 post stations on this road, and Li Jinyong added 33 stations, and later reached 36 stations.The place names of these stations are still preserved in the local area.People can see the remains of the original post road and the ruins of the ancient post on this "golden road".

Shenyang was the former capital of the Qing Dynasty and was later called Shengjing.The post roads set up by General Shengjing, with Shengjing as the center, have 13 post stations to Shanhaiguan in the west, four stations to Xingjing (now Xinbinxi, Liaoning) in the east, seven stations to North Korea in the south, and Ninggu in the northeast. The tower has three stations.There are a total of 29 post stations across the country.General Jilin also has a number of post stations.In this way, the Northeast has formed a fairly extensive transportation network. Due to the special circumstances, the Northeast Post Office belonged differently from other regions in the Qing Dynasty.The post stations in each province are managed by the department, prefecture, and county, while the Shengjing area is under the management of the post office, with two supervisors and deputy supervisors under it, and they are under the control of the Shengjing Ministry of War.

In Qinghai area, during the rule of the Qing Dynasty, post offices also developed greatly.By the time of Qianlong, five main post roads had been built. There were 24 post stations and three delivery offices in Qinghai. There were more than 480 postmen and 592 posthorses. In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to quell the Junggar rebellion, Kangxi also stepped up the establishment of post roads and post stations in Mongolia.There, 47 post stations have been built successively, distributed outside Xifengkou, Zhangjiakou, Gubeikou and Shahukou.Kangxi had special instructions on this: "Although the establishment of post stations today costs state funds, it will benefit Mongolia a lot in the future and will not cause delays. The most important thing is." There are two regional patent agencies in Khobdor.There is a general in Uliasutai, and all post services are managed by the military platform.Khob has more counselors and ministers, and the post office is also under the management of the military platform.There are 20 post stations in Khobdo, and 43 post stations in Uliasu Terrace.These post stations played a very important role in communicating the economic and cultural exchanges between the central government and the Mongolian region.

The Kangxi and Qianlong dynasties also established post offices in Xinjiang.At the beginning, in order to calm down the military food transportation in the Junggar War, Kangxi set up 12 post stations along the line from Jiayuguan to Hami, and then continued to advance westward.By the time of Qianlong, there were 125 post stations.In addition, there are still some post offices called "Yingtang".From Balikun to Urumqi, Urumqi to Aksu, Aksu to Wushi, from Yarkand to Hotan, and from Jinghe to Hami, there are a total of 285 post stations and camp ponds, which are inspected by General Yili, who is in charge of Xinjiang.

The post offices of the Qing Dynasty in Tibet were called "ponds", and there were nearly 70 of them in Tibet.There are more than 300 pond horses in total. The Qing Dynasty vigorously developed the post office business in the southwestern border area.By the time of Qianlong, there were 23 post stations in Guizhou, mainly for delivering government documents and transporting military rations.Since then, post roads have been continuously improved, which objectively facilitates the communication of business travelers.During the Yongzheng period, many post roads in mountainous areas were opened up in Guizhou. For example, from Huangsi Station to Yanglao Station, the road was rugged and difficult, but later it was changed. , which greatly facilitates pedestrians ("Xiaofanghu Yudi Congchao").In this way, the Qing Dynasty relied on this post system to obtain information from various places in a timely manner, and effectively controlled the border areas.