Chapter 37 Section 4 Weighing Words and Titles
In order to honor the name, it was called the word.When two strangers meet and greet each other, they must ask: "Your name?" "Taifu?" or "Zunzi?"The respondent must first answer the name and then the word.Because the person asked by the other party is actually a name, the "Taifu" and "Zunzi" are euphemisms for asking a name.After the number was promoted, people felt that the name was not respectful enough, and the title was the most elegant and respectful, so "Taifu" and "Zunzi" became "Zunhao" and "Dahao".In fact, this is still asking for names.However, after such a long period of use, the number was assimilated by the character, and the number became a synonym for the word.For example, in the fifteenth chapter, the font size is mixed:
Mr. Ma Er was really sorry, and said: "Don't be sad. What do you mean by respect?" The boy stopped his tears and said: "The late student is called Kuang Jiong, and his name is Superman." The seventeenth chapter said:
(Jing Lanjiang) said: "Where is your place, sir? Your surname is Taifu?" Kuang Chao said humanely: "My little brother has a cheap surname Kuang, and his name is Superman. My place is Yueqing."
It can be seen that a number is a character, and a word is also a number.Sometimes it may also be named.Such as "Yuewei Thatched Cottage Notes Luanyang Continued Record V":
When her grandparents heard the guest's gaze, she was shocked and said: "Is it Dongguang Zhao Junye? I haven't seen each other for more than 30 years. Although my temples are white now, the shape and sound can still be debated. Isn't the king's name a certain one?"
Whether it is a name or a character is mentioned here, although we are not quite sure, but when people in modern times asked a person's name, they said: "What is your name?"
To sum up, it is not difficult to see the popularity and influence of accounts.
The sign not only acquires the lexical meaning and function of the Biaozi, but more importantly, it has a special tribute function that Biaozi does not have as soon as it appears.
In feudal society, taboos were emphasized, and the names of fathers and grandparents were not allowed.There is an old proverb that has been circulated all the time, which is: "Parents' names can be heard but not spoken." That is to say, parents' names are called by others, but they can be heard by themselves, but they cannot be spoken by themselves.Having said that, it is also a disrespectful act to call one's father and grandfather by their names in public.Therefore, "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Fang Zheng" said that Lu Zhi asked Lu Ji in the public: "Who is Lu Xun and Lu Kang?" !” From this we can see the strict taboos against immediate family members in the Middle Ages.
In ancient times, it was possible to call the father and grandfather in the narrative, but later generations did not allow it.This may be because the relationship between the word and the name is too close.If the father and grandfather had official titles, posthumous titles, or meritorious service in the imperial examination, it would be convenient to talk about them, but without these titles of honor, it would be difficult to speak.Since having a number, this embarrassing situation has changed.Because the number is completely the same name and separated from the relationship, there is no taboo at all. It can be used freely whether it is written or spoken, but it must be added with honorific words such as "Mr.", "Gong" or "Weng". .
It was rare for people in the Song Dynasty to use the title of father and ancestor, but it became more common in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and it flourished in the Qing Dynasty.In the Yuan Dynasty, Wu Shidao said in "Badu Duanfu's ink traces": "Gaixian's great father is a friend of Bixiweng." Ji Yun was in the middle, and he called his respected relatives, such as calling his grandfather Mr. Xuefeng, and calling his great-uncle He was called Guangjigong, his uncle was called Jiantinggong, his uncle was called Yiangong, his grandfather was called Chongyugong, and so on.His father was once the prefect of Yao'an, known as Yao'an Gong.Liang Zhangju called his father Yizhaigong, his uncle Jiushangong, and his ancestor Tianchigong in his self-made Chronicle.Pu Tingju, the fifth grandson of Pu Songling, called Pu Weng the Duke of Liuquan in the "Collected Works of Liaozhai".Liang Shaoren called his great-uncle Liang Tongshu Shanzhou Bachelor in "Two Autumn Rains [An An] Essay", which is collectively called the title and official position.Originally called characters, the Qing people also changed their names.For example, in "Xiangzu Notes", his brother Wang Shilu is called Xiqiao and Mr. Xiqiao, and Ji Yun calls his brother Qinghu, both of which are titles.
The Chinese have the virtue of respecting the old and the virtuous. They have always respected the names of the former philosophers and the sages of the time.After having a number, change the name more often.Song people already called Du Fu Shaoling, Su Shi Mr. Dongpo, Po Gong, and Dongpo, Xin Qiji Jiaxuan, and Lu You Fang Weng.This wind was more prosperous in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Taking He Liangjun as an example, in "Si You Zhai Cong Shuo", he almost all called his predecessors and friends: Xu Jie is Cunzhai, Wen Zhengming is Hengshan, Huangfu is Baiquan, and Kanghai is Duishan. , Lu Shidao is Wuhu, Guqing is Dongjiang, Huaxia is Bu'an, Shen Zhou is Shitian, Zhu Yunming is Zhishan, etc.; in the younger generation, they are still called characters, such as Wen Zhengming's son Wen Peng is called Shoucheng (named Sanqiao), Wen Jia It is Xiucheng (No. Wenshui).The title of Qing people is even more common, and it can be seen almost everywhere in essays, notes, poems, and poems.In social communication, it can even be said to be flooded.Some scholar-bureaucrats with serious orthodox ideas once made harsh satire on the popular title phenomenon in society.In the third and second chapters, the author used what Deng Jiugong saw and heard in the theater to describe the Mr. Zhuangyuan who looked like a shrimp and the fat and rich young man, and the Xiaodans called each other, and described them vividly. and sarcasm.
Although titles are more elegant and respectful than titles, in the end there are still many characters, but few have characters and numbers, and the numbers have not replaced the characters to become one statue.Because the character is born next to the name, the name will not be discarded, and the character will not be discarded, but the name is free from the name, and it is difficult to play the role of "expressing virtue".
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