Chapter 10 The third section is repairing and explaining the dishes

Shuxiu ceremony is a kind of etiquette when students and teachers meet for the first time in ancient times, that is, the ceremony of apprenticeship.Shuxiu is ten strips of dried meat, which is a gift given to each other by monarchs, ministers, relatives and friends in ancient times. "Book of Rites Shaoyi" states: "It gives people a pot (four pots) of wine, Shuxiu, and a dog; , a dog.” In ancient times, when a boy entered school at the age of 15, he had to hand in Shuxiu as a reward to the teacher, so “Shuxiu” is also often used as a synonym for going to school, or as a synonym for reaching the age of 15.Confucius once said: "I have learned more than self-cultivation." ("The Analects of Confucius Shuer") It is a matter of course for teachers to pay for school repairs as a gift to reward teachers.From this, it developed into a school etiquette system, which embodies the lofty custom of respecting teachers and valuing education of the Chinese nation.Of course, during the Spring and Autumn Period when Confucius lived, Shuxiu was used as a gift, but this may not be the case afterwards, but the name "Shuxiu Li" has been handed down, and it has become the first etiquette for students in ancient times. At the beginning, he was educated by respected teachers.

The ancients valued education, and it was not limited to the rites. Students, families, and even the whole society were proud of respecting teachers.However, because Shuxiu Ritual is an etiquette for appreciating teachers, it has been highly valued, and it has become a fixed system.For example, the government of the Tang Dynasty once stipulated that students entering state and county schools must pay a bundle of silk and a bamboo ware [non-bandit, bamboo utensils for holding things.It is actually a horse), a jug of wine (actually two buckets), and a case of preserved meat (actually it is five sacks [tingting], long strips of dried meat), as a meeting gift with the teacher.On the day of the ceremony, the students wear Qingjin [Jinjin] school uniforms and carry these gifts to school.When you come to the school gate, stand outside the gate first.The teacher of the school stood on the steps of the school and sent someone out to ask the students why.The students moved forward a little, explaining their willingness to come to study with the teacher.After the husband heard about it, he humbly claimed that he had no virtue, and he was afraid that he would mislead his children.The students once again expressed their determination to be a teacher, and asked the teacher to see him and take him in.The teacher saw that the students were determined and could not refuse, so he ordered someone to invite the students to enter.The students stand facing the teacher, and when the teacher walks down the steps, they immediately kneel down and salute.After the teacher answered the salute, the students took out the gift and placed it in front of the teacher, asking him to accept it.The husband agreed to accept it, which actually means that he agrees to take this student into school.Since then, he has formally established a teacher-student relationship with Mr.This kind of etiquette may seem cumbersome, but it just reflects the harmonious relationship between teachers and students with courtesy and humility.From the very beginning, students receive the etiquette education of respecting teachers, even the crown prince is no exception.According to the rules of etiquette, when the crown prince first entered the school, when he met the doctor, the gifts he brought, the clothes he wore, the questions and answers with the doctor, and the last salute were exactly the same as the rituals of the state and county schools (see " General Code Ritual Seventy-seven, Eighty-one").This also shows that respecting teachers and valuing education has always been valued by all walks of life in ancient China, which is also the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.

The ceremony of interpreting vegetables is also called "shecai" and "choosing vegetables". This is also a ceremony performed by scholars in ancient times when they entered school. Baihao] and other wild vegetables pay homage to the ancestors and enshrine them to the teachers, so as to show that they learn from teachers.Its ceremony is the same as that of Shidian ceremony, except that animals are not sacrificed for offering. Therefore, the ancients said that the ceremony of Shicai is "the lightest ceremony", but the ceremony is light and affection is heavy.According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius traveled around the world and was trapped between Chen Guo (now Huaiyang, Henan) and Cai Guo (now Xincai, Henan). He had no food for seven days and could only rely on boiled gray vegetables for food. Playing the piano indoors.The disciples Zilu and Zigong who accompanied Confucius believed that they had reached the end of the road. Only Yan Hui still "released vegetables outdoors" every day, that is, picked wild vegetables from the wild every day, and saluted the teacher at the door of Confucius' residence to show that despite the The teacher's situation is extremely difficult, but I still adhere to the principle of being a human being and learn art from the teacher.Yan Hui's actions reflected his custom of respecting his teachers.Respecting teachers is a noble custom and virtue of the Chinese nation.Because of this, later generations assigned Yan Hui to Confucius, allowing people to pay homage to Confucius at the same time, which is also a tribute to Yan Hui's respected teacher.It can be seen that the purpose of the ancients to hold the ceremony of explaining dishes in schools is to give a teacher-respecting education to the newly enrolled students, so that the students will follow Yan Hui as an example, always regard the teacher as a teacher, and never forget the grace of education.