Chapter 22 Section VII "Prescriptions of Thousand Gold" and "Secrets of Outer Taiwan"

In the Tang Dynasty, Indian medical knowledge was also spread in China.Ophthalmology in ancient India was very famous. There was a book called "Dragon Tree Eye Theory", which was introduced to China a long time ago and was still circulated in the Tang Dynasty.In addition, there were Indian ophthalmologists in China who could treat senile cataracts in the Tang Dynasty.Bai Juyi has a poem "Eye Disease", which reflects this situation. In the poem, he wrote: "On the case, "Nargarjuna Theory" is spread, and in the box there are empty twisted Jueming pills. The prescriptions in the world should be useless. Try scratching it." Liu Yuxi also wrote a poem called "Giving Eyes to a Brahman Monk", in which there are two sentences: "The teacher has the golden grate technique, how can he be enlightened." The "golden grate" here refers to the Indian medical doctor at that time. The metal tool used by monks to scrape cataracts, and "golden grate surgery" refers to this operation.

The following will focus on the introduction of two medical books in the Tang Dynasty. "Thousand Gold Prescriptions" and "Thousand Gold Wing Prescriptions" are sometimes collectively referred to as "Thousand Gold Prescriptions".Its author is Sun Simiao, a famous medical scientist in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. "Thousand Gold Prescriptions" was edited by him in the third year of Yonghui (AD 652) on the basis of extensive collection of various prescriptions and folk prescriptions in the past, and the other was compiled by him 30 years later based on his own medical experience. written.These two books are the earliest existing medical books in China and enjoy a high status in the history of Chinese medicine.According to the biography of "Old Tang Book", Sun Simiao "started school at the age of seven, and spoke more than a thousand words a day. He is weak, good at talking about Lao Zhuang and other schools of thought, and good at interpreting classics."That is to say, he was influenced by Buddhist classics very early on.This influence is shown in his writings.In the "Preface" of "Thousands of Gold Prescriptions", he wrote: "The scriptures say: 'Earth, water, fire, and wind combine to form a human being. Ordinary people's anger is out of control, and their bodies are steamed; if the wind is out of control, their whole body is stiff, and their pores are blocked. If the water and air are out of balance, the body will be swollen, full of breath and short of breath; if the earth is out of tune, the limbs will not move, and the speech will be silent. If the fire goes away, the body will become cold, if the wind stops, the breath will die, if the water is exhausted, there will be no blood, and if the soil will disperse, the body will crack... …Where the four qi are in harmony, the four spirits are at peace. If one qi is out of tune, one hundred diseases will arise; if the four spirits move, four hundred and four diseases will all occur at the same time. One disease needs to be cured and cured; one hundred and one diseases cannot be cured even though it is cured; one hundred and one diseases cannot be cured after death.” This shows that his medical thought contains elements of Indian medical theory.In the "Chinese Medical Journal" in 1936, Mr. Fan Xingzhun published the article "Hu Fang Kao". After textual research, he believed that many prescriptions in "Qian Jin Yi Fang" were from India.Some prescriptions, Sun Simiao has made a clear explanation.For example, there is a "Fuchang Pufang", Sun Simiao wrote, this prescription is "the Sanzang master of the Sanzang of the Yituo Temple in Shecheng, the king of Magadha in Tianzhu. On the thirteenth, it was written and translated by Dharma Protector of Luozhou and Master Ji of Jingtu Temple."In the "Wine Soaking Method" attached to "Sophora flavescens and Xiaoshi Liquor", Sun Simiao also said: "Huangqing Baixiaoshi and others are the kings of all medicines, which can kill insects and live long. The name of the country), there is no time to collect it. This prescription is published in "Jipo Medical Prescriptions Treating Gale Pinfa." It can be seen that some of the above parties are collected from Indian medical books, and some use medicines from India.

The author of "Waitai Secret Yao" is Wang Tao, another Tang Dynasty medical scientist who was slightly later than Sun Simiao.According to the biography of "New Book of Tang Dynasty", Wang Tao was born in a family of officials. He was an official and had a filial nature. ". "Waitai Miyao" was written in the eleventh year of Tianbao (752 A.D.). The book has 40 volumes, 1104 categories, and contains more than 6,000 prescriptions.It introduces a lot of medical knowledge in India. Volume 21 of "Waitai Secret Yao" "Eye Diseases Twenty-Four Gates" records: "Xie Taoist said: The man with the eyes is the master of the six gods. The body is made up of the four elements. Earth, water, fire, wind, yin and yang climate, and adults The body is eight feet long. Where the bones, flesh and skin are lumpy, it is the earth; where the blood, tears, ointment and saliva are moist, it is the water; when the anger is warm, it is the fire; It is the wind and the wind. The four kinds of fakes combine to form a human body." Wang Tao said that Taoist Xie, whose common surname was Xie, was named Longshang Taoist, lived in Qizhou, and studied ophthalmology from monk Hu of the Western Kingdom.Judging from Xie Daoren's remarks, he was influenced by Indian medical theories. Therefore, the "Western Hu monk" he studied is probably Indian.In the same volume and the same door, Taoist Xie wrote a poem "The Preface to the Eyes of the Tianzhu Sutra", saying: "Gai heard about the way of the universe, only people are the most precious, the most important thing in the body, and only the eyes are the treasure. With its connection, it is wonderful and can reach the gods. , speaking of its six roots, the eye is the most important. It is not easy to treat the eyes.” This is also enough to prove the influence of ancient Indian medical theories at that time.In addition, according to Fan Xingzhun's "Hu Fang Kao", there are many prescriptions about India in the book.Among these prescriptions, some were introduced to China before the Tang Dynasty, some were popular in the Tang Dynasty, and some were even used in the court of the Tang Dynasty.In addition, there are some incense prescriptions and lavender fragrance prescriptions, which are mostly used by the upper class.