Chapter 30 1. The impact of the May 4th Movement on the Chinese book industry

The May 4th Movement in 1919 was a thoroughly anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic democratic movement and a great ideological emancipation movement.The May 4th Movement made the New Culture Movement launched in 1915 with the slogan "Down with the Confucian Shop" more in-depth and healthy, and greatly accelerated and deepened the spread of Marxism in China; the May 4th Movement cultivated a new generation of communism Conscientious intellectuals led them to embark on the road of integration with workers and peasants.The Chinese revolution has shifted from the old democratic period to the new democratic revolution period.

The May 4th Movement promoted the spread of Marxism-Leninism, and many books and translations appeared, which provided theoretical and ideological preparations for the establishment of the Communist Party of China. Li Dazhao was a pioneer in propagating Marxism-Leninism.As early as October 1918, "The Victory of the Common People" and "The Victory of the Bolsheviks" were published in "New Youth", pointing out that the Russian October Revolution was "the herald of the world revolution in the twentieth century", expressing and disseminating Marxism some basic points of view. In May 1919, "New Youth" published the "Marx Studies Special Issue" and published Li Dazhao's famous "My View on Marxism", which comprehensively and systematically introduced Marxist historical materialism, class competition theory and economic theory.

As the leader of the New Culture Movement, Chen Duxiu published "On Politics" in September 1920, which showed his Marxist worldview. At the same time, Li Da, Li Hanjun and others also did a lot of work in spreading Marxism. In 1920, Chen Wangdao translated the first full Chinese translation, The Communist Manifesto, and published it in Shanghai.Translations of Lenin's works also appeared in journals such as "New Youth", "Communist Party", and "Dawn".After the May 4th Movement, Mao Zedong founded the "Xiangjiang Review", and Zhou Enlai organized the establishment of the Awareness Society in Tianjin, publishing the monthly "Awakening" to promote anti-imperialist, anti-feudal and Marxist theories.In the former Soviet Union, Qu Qiubai continued to send back newsletters and reports such as "The Humanization of Communism" and "The Eleventh Congress of the All-Russian Communist Party", which introduced the practice of Marxism in the former Soviet Union in detail, and had a wide influence at that time.

The ideological emancipation movement brought about by the May 4th Movement promoted the spread of Marxism-Leninism theory in China, making the publication of progressive and revolutionary books the mainstream of book publishing. The May 4th Movement inherited and developed the previous literary revolution movement, and published a number of works on literary theory and literary criticism. Works of the former Soviet Union and Russian democratic revolutionaries, and works of bourgeois progressive writers also began to be translated in large quantities.New poetry, vernacular novels and modern dramas also emerged during this period.

As the leader of my country's New Literature Movement, Lu Xun published his first vernacular novel in "New Youth" in 1918, sounding the clarion call of the May Fourth Cultural Revolution. In 1921, the first collection of novels was published, which had a wide and profound impact. The Literary Research Association initiated and organized by Mao Dun, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shengtao, etc. is the earliest and largest literary group in the history of the Chinese New Literature Movement, with the purpose of researching and introducing world literature, sorting out old Chinese literature, and creating new literature.The "Novel Monthly" was reformed, making it the most important publication in the New Literature Movement.Published the periodical "Literature XNUMX", translated the famous works of modern Russia, France and Northern Europe, and introduced the works of Tolstoy, Turgenev, Gorky, Ibsen and other writers.The Commercial Press published more than 80 titles of "Literary Research Society Series", including Qu Qiubai's "New Russia Travel Notes", Ye Shaojun's "Scarecrow" and "Fire", and Bing Xin's "Superman" and "Stars".

Founded in 1921 by Guo Moruo, Cheng Fangwu, Yu Dafu, and Zhang Ziping, the Creation Society was a literary and artistic group organized for the publication of literary and artistic publications.He has edited and printed a variety of books and periodicals, including five issues of "Creation Quarterly" and one year of "Creation Weekly" by Shanghai Taidong Bookstore, and one hundred issues of the supplement "Creation Day" in Shanghai's "China News".The "Creation Society Series" published by Taidong Book Company includes Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu's "Sinking", Zhang Ziping's "Alluvial Fossils", etc.After the May 30th Movement, the Creation Society put forward the slogan of "Literary Revolution", and its literary ideas and creative practices had a profound impact on the literary circles and intellectual youth at that time.

During this period, a large number of scientific books and periodicals also appeared, which promoted the development of our country's cultural and academic undertakings. In 1923, Zhongxi Bookstore operated as many as four to five hundred kinds of craft and application books.According to statistics, from 1921 to 1930, the Commercial Press published a total of 585 books on natural science and applied technology, and 1,426 books on philosophy and social science. The collation and publication of ancient classics made great achievements during this period, and two series of books were compiled and printed."Si Bu Series" edited by Commercial Press and "Si Bu Bei Yao" edited by Zhonghua Book Company.In addition, there are also punctuated ancient books, such as the punctuated classical novels published by Yadong Bookstore, such as "Water Margin", ,,, and so on.Beiping Wenhua Publishing House also punctuated and published a number of ancient books, which played a certain role in the spread of classical literature.

In terms of book layout, the "Science" magazine, which was founded in 1915, has begun to adopt the horizontal layout method.