Chapter 76 Send Yuan Er envoy Anxi/Wang Wei

The song method of Tang poetry has been lost, but there is a Tang poem that is still sung today. Although its score is not as old as that of the Tang people, it is a miracle that it has been sung for more than a thousand years.This poem is Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Envoy Anxi". The poem was written to see off a friend who went on an envoy to Anxi. "Yuan Er", whose original name is "Yuan Chang", is called "Yuan Er" because it ranks second.People in the Tang Dynasty often referred to them by Pai Xing (the ancients called them "Xing Di"), but in fact, they are called "Lao Ji" now, and "Yuan Er" means "Yuan Lao Er".Sometimes, the rank is sandwiched between the names. For example, Du Fu is ranked second, and sometimes he is called "Du Erfu".For example, Li Bai has a poem "Send Du Erfu off at the East Gate of Lu County".This kind of ranking is sometimes a large arrangement, that is, cousins ​​and cousins ​​(or even sisters) are arranged together, so sometimes there are dozens of rows, such as Du Fu's poem "Send Pengzhou Gao Thirty-five Envoys to Guozhou Cen Twenty "Qichang Shican Thirty Rhymes", it can be seen that Gao Shi ranks thirty-five, and Cen Shen ranks twenty-seventh. This is of course a large arrangement.Because of the habit of addressing people in the Tang Dynasty, sometimes there are only surnames and ranks, such as "Yuan Er" in this poem, and "Wei Ba" in Du Fu's "To the Eighth Officials of Wei". Who it is, sometimes it is not clear (Cen Zhongmian has a book "Tang Ren Xing Di Kao", you can refer to it).

It is very common for officials to go on business trips, just like people often go on business trips today.There are quite a few farewell poems, and there are many good ones, but none of them are as touching as this one.One reason is that the place where Yuan Er was sent as an envoy is quite special——Anxi. Anxi is located in today's Kuqa County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where the Tang Dynasty set up the Anxi Protectorate.At that time, this place was the poor side of the desert.So this farewell has a more desolate and tragic meaning. "The morning rain in Weicheng is light and the dust is light, and the guesthouses are green and willows are new." It is specified that the place of farewell is "Weicheng".Weicheng is located in the northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, on the north bank of the Weishui River.Xianyang County was established in Qin Dynasty, and it was renamed Weicheng County in Han Dynasty.In Li He's "Golden Copper Immortal's Resignation of Han Song", it is said that "Weicheng is far away and the sound is quiet", which is what he is talking about.

"Advise you to drink more wine, and go west to Yangguan without any old friends" is a famous sentence passed down through the ages. The word "persuasion" means "persuade" in modern Chinese and has a derogatory meaning, but in ancient Chinese it means "encourage" and "encourage" and has a slightly commendatory meaning.So "persuading to drink" is different from "persuading a fight". "Persuading a fight" means persuading people not to fight, while "persuading people to drink" does not mean persuading people not to drink, but rather persuading them to drink. The word "persuasion" retains its ancient meaning here.

Why do you want to persuade your friend to drink up this glass of wine?Because when you go out of Yangguan in the west, you will see the vastness of the yellow sand, and there are no "old friends", that is, old friends.The feeling is bleak and sincere, very touching.It quickly aroused people's emotional resonance.This poem was immediately picked up and made into music, and it was widely loved by people, and it is still sung to this day. Juan 80 says: ""Weicheng"" was written by Wang Weizhi. It was originally sent as a poem to Anxi, and later it was used as a song." Because of the words "Weicheng" and "Yangguan" in the poem, it is also called "Weicheng Song" and "Weicheng Song". "Yangguan Song"; because of the "three-fold" structure in singing, it is also called "Yangguan Three-fold".As for how the Tang people used the "three folds" method, there are different opinions, and there is no consensus.One of the five poems of Zi Juyi's "Dairy Wine", "When you meet, don't refuse to get drunk, listen to the fourth tone of "Yangguan"" sentence self-note: "The fourth tone, 'Ask you to have a glass of wine'." Refers to the third The fourth sentence is the sentence "Advise you to have a glass of wine." It can be seen that there is indeed "duplicate singing" in singing.

After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, many people have adapted "Yangguan Sandie", and there are still many kinds of ancient scores handed down from generation to generation.