Chapter 44 Osmanthus Fragrance·"Jinling Nostalgia"/Wang Anshi

Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician, but also an outstanding writer.His prose occupies a place among the "Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties"; his poems, especially the later poems, are called "Banshan Style", which is unique among Song poems.Like Sima Guang, he is more rigid and serious in life, he is not close to women, and he is not good at feasting and entertainment, so he rarely writes lyrics.Now "All Song Ci" has collected only twenty-nine of his poems.However, after all, you have accumulated a lot of knowledge, and you can know everything, even if you try it out, you should not underestimate it.

After Wang Anshi dismissed his prime minister in his later years, he lived in Jiangning Mansion (Jinling, now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and lived in seclusion in Dinglin, a mid-mountain in the northeast corner of Jinling City.In the Song Dynasty, it was about seven miles away from the city, and about seven miles away from Zhongshan Mountain. It was in the middle of the way. Because it was called "Banshan Hall", he also called it "Banshan" in his later years.He likes Jinling very much and is very familiar with Jinling. According to "Gujin Cihua" and other records, at that time dozens of people filled out "Osmanthus Fragrance" with the title "Jinling Nostalgia", but Wang Anshi's song was the swan song.

This is a work of nostalgia for the scenery, so it is still written according to the structure of describing the scenery in the first film and nostalgic and lyrical in the second film.But both scenery and lyricism are amazing. Jinling was the capital of the Six Dynasties. Although after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, "Jinling's kingly spirit has been sadly received" (Du Mu's "Xisai Mountain Nostalgia"), it was the capital of emperors after all, just like a down-and-out hero is always a hero. A dead tiger is still a tiger, after all, there is still a kind of aura, a kind of domineering.Jinling is surrounded by mountains on all sides, which is what Du Mu said in his poem "the mountains surround the motherland" ("Stone City"). It faces the Yangtze River and the famous Qinhuai River passes through the city. It combines magnificence and beauty.There are many poems and essays chanting Jinling by the predecessors, and there are also famous and beautiful lines.Whether you can use the beautiful sentences of the predecessors for your own use, whether you can compose your own great words, and describe the Jinling in your heart is the key to success or failure.

Wang Anshi chose autumn scenery, and it was late autumn, so it naturally had a sense of desolation and loneliness. "Thousands of miles of Chengjiang is like practice", which is a famous sentence "Chengjiang is as quiet as practice" in Xie Tiao's "Climbing Three Mountains at Night and Looking at Jingyi" in the Southern Dynasty. "Emerald peaks are like clusters" is a self-made great word. "Cluster", to gather.It also communicates with "arrowhead", arrow.When the peaks gather together like arrows, it is very imposing.Later, in Yuan Zhang Kejiu's Sanqu "Shanpo Sheep", the famous line "The peaks and mountains are like gatherings, and the waves are like anger" was transformed from here.On the river, sailing is sailing, and wine flags are slanting on the bank, and it is still a prosperous scene.This is a close shot. The two sentences of "Colorful boats and clouds, starry rivers and herons rise" are like the camera lens gradually panning to the distant view, echoing the first sentence of "climbing to see off", what is captured is the vastness of mist, clouds, shadows and stars.Painting boats on the river is like traveling in the clouds; Bailuzhou in the river seems to be rising into the sky.Such a country can be concluded with the sentence "It's hard to draw a picture", which can be called a masterpiece.

The next piece is nostalgic.Since it is Jinling nostalgia, of course it cannot leave the story of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties. The sentence "Reminisce about the prosperity and competition in the past" summarizes the absurd history of the Six Dynasties for more than 300 years.The north has been occupied by the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, Qiang and other ethnic minorities, and the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen have just become small imperial courts in a corner.However, the arrogance, extravagance, and drunkenness of the rulers of the Six Dynasties are unprecedented.Until Chen, the troops of the Sui soldiers Han Qinhu had reached the city, and the Empress Chen was still having fun with his favorite concubines Zhang Lihua and Kong Guibin in the Jieqi attic.After the city was broken, they hid in the dry well, and finally ended up subjugated and killed. "Sighing at the Loutou outside the gate", using Du Mu's "Taicheng Song" "Han captures the tiger outside the gate, Zhang Lihua at the tower", this is what was written.

For thousands of years, anyone who visits Jinling and looks far away will lament the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties and "sigh the honor and disgrace".However, Wang Anshi is not just lamenting the history, he is a politician and an innovator. Although he failed in the struggle between the old and the new factions, and the new law has been abolished, he is just demoted as the prime minister according to the routine, and he is placed in a idle position for the elderly. .On the surface, it seems that he has already worshiped the Buddha devoutly, and seems to be out of the world.However, he has not completely forgotten about the deteriorating situation, the incompetence of the old and new parties after he stepped down, and the future of the country.Therefore, at the end, the verse from Du Mu's "Night Mooring at the Qinhuai River" is used, "The business woman does not know the hatred of subjugation, but she still sings "Flowers in the Backyard" across the river" is not what he said in "Wang Jiangnan: Praise of the Three Treasures of Refuge" "May my six faculties be always quiet, and my heart be like a precious moon reflecting glass".In this old heart, there are still hills and valleys.No wonder Su Dongpo sighed after reading this song "Osmanthus Fragrance", "This old man is a wild fox spirit."