Chapter 97 Daqu

The form of Daqu has been formed in the Han Dynasty. It is a large-scale song and dance developed on the basis of folk songs and dances.In the Han Dynasty, it was the highest expression form of "Xianghe Song".Its structure generally has "yan" before the song, and "trend" and "chaos" after the song.This kind of Daqu was greatly developed during the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially the long-term exchanges with minority music culture and foreign music culture, which provided sufficient nourishment for the development of Daqu. Song and Dance Daqu in the Tang Dynasty is a large-scale art performance form with instrumental music, vocal music and dance, representing the highest level of music in the Tang Dynasty. It can be roughly divided into Qingyue, Daodiao, Faqu and Hubu Xinsheng. kind.

Qingyue Daqu is left over from the "Three Qing and Shang tunes" since the Han and Wei Dynasties.During the Sui Ping and Chen Dynasties, it was obtained from the Qing Shangle in the south of the Yangtze River.From the time of Wu Zetian, there are still sixty-three songs such as "Bai Xue", "Gongmo", "Bayu", "Duo Dance", "Qianxi", "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" and "Yushu Backyard Flower".Later, only thirty-seven pieces survived, and there were seven pieces with voice and without lyrics, making a total of forty-four pieces.After Empress Wu Zetian arrived in Chang'an (701-704), there were only eight pieces left that could be performed with orchestras, including "Dang Tang", "Ming Jun", "Yang Rebellion", "Xiao Pot", "Spring Song", "Autumn Song", "White Snow" and "Spring River Flower and Moon Night".The artistry of Qingyue Daqu is very high. According to records, it only takes 30 days for musicians to learn a piece of "Yanyue" by Zhang Wenshou or Xiliang, Qiuci, Shule, Gaochang, Anguo, Tianzhu, etc. Qingyue Daqu takes 60 days.

Daodiao music is also Taoist music, called "Buxu Sheng", not only singing, but also dancing, which is a form of singing and dancing. "Faqu" originated from "Fa Yue" since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was originally used for Buddhist dharma ceremonies.The Faqu of the Tang Dynasty is a part of the Daqu of the Tang Dynasty. Although it is deeply influenced by the music of ethnic minorities, its style and characteristics and the instruments used are still close to "Qingyue".The famous "Neon Clothes and Feather Dress Dance" is Faqu. Hu Department in a narrow sense mainly refers to Xiliang music.Xiliang music contains a lot of elements of Qing music of the Han nationality, and it is no longer pure Hu music.Hubu in a broad sense can be understood as the music of ethnic minorities including Xiliang, Qiuci, and even foreign countries. The artistry of "Hubu" music is very high, especially its exotic style, which is even more refreshing, so it was very popular in the Tang Dynasty.