Chapter 85 Sound twists and turns

The earliest known notation in our country. There are only two ways to preserve music when there is no audio-visual means: one is to teach from teacher to student, that is, the master is passed on to the apprentice, so that it is passed down from generation to generation. Traditional opera inheritance basically adopts this method .However, if it is too late to teach for some reason, some repertoires may be lost.Many excellent repertoires have been lost, many of them are because of this reason; another method is to record them with music scores, which is the best way. With music scores, even if it is less than a thousand years old, people can reproduce these music according to the scores come out.

Before the internationally accepted staff and numbered notation were introduced into our country, there were many notation methods in ancient my country. Some of them, because of the long history, did not pass down the specific interpretation methods. Although the notation is still there, it is difficult to interpret. Even now There are still some that cannot be interpreted, such as Shengzhang, Tang Dynasty pipa notation, etc., but some are still in use today, such as Qin notation, Gongchi notation, etc. Sound twists and turns were first seen in "Han Shu". After the seven chapters of "Henan Zhou Ge Poems" were recorded in "Han Shu·Yi Wen Zhi", seven "Henan Zhou Ge Poems" were recorded; after seventy-five "Zhou Yao Ge Poems" were recorded, " Seventy-five chapters of "Zhou Ballads and Poems with Twists and Turns".Although these classics have not been handed down, it is certain that "Henan Zhou Ge Shi Sheng Zhe Zhe" is the music score of "Henan Zhou Ge Shi";This kind of score, presumably, should be a kind of curve with many changes. According to its changing position and radian, it roughly records the melodic factors such as the high and low speed of the sound.

The physical materials of the tortuous sound can still be seen today. One is the praise music in "Dao Zang Yuyin Fashi" published in the ninth year of Ming Zhengtong (1444), which uses this notation.The lyrics are written on the top of the music score, and the curves are used to record the ups and downs of the singing voice under each word.There are small characters beside some curves, which may mark the accent and rhyme of the characters. Buddhist monasteries in Tibet also have curve notation, which is used to record the tones of chanting scriptures. According to legend, it was created by Budun and his disciple Tsongkhapa in the 14th century. It is called "Yangyi" in Tibetan. "Tashilhunpo Monastery Tantric Lower Secret Garden Music Score" is an example.The music scores are transcribed on the long confession symbols. In the score, the black Tibetan characters are scripture lyrics, and the red Tibetan characters are lining characters. There are more than a hundred different curved symbols, which are used to record the pitch, length, strength and strength of the sound. Ornament.

This notation is indeed not very scientific, so it was rarely used after the Han Dynasty.