Chapter 81 offend

Offending the tone is a method of changing the pitch or mode in ancient music law.Every piece of music has a fixed Gong tone. For example, if a piece of music is Huang Zhong Gong, if the pitch or mode is not changed, then it will be played in Huang Zhong Gong from the beginning to the end.But this is a bit monotonous, especially for some relatively large works. Therefore, during the performance of the same piece of music, you can change the pitch or change the mode. If a piece of music from Huangzhong Palace is changed to Linzhong Palace (or Taicu Palace, Nanlu Palace, etc.) The color has also changed, which is a bit like the "modulation" in Western music, such as C major being transferred to G major, etc., which was regarded as "offending the key" in ancient times.

If a piece of music in Gong mode is transformed into Shang mode (or Angle mode, Yu mode, etc.) "Modulation", in ancient times, can also be regarded as "violating the tune". These two methods are very common in modern composition theory and practice, especially in large-scale music, there is rarely a single key to the end.But in ancient times, it was interpreted as a little mysterious, and there were even some incorrect views and regulations.For example, Jiang Kui in the Song Dynasty believed that the same palace tunes could not interfere with each other, that is to say, the music of Huangzhong Palace could not be transferred to Taicu Palace, Dalu Palace, Linzhong Palace, Nanlu Palace, etc. crime", this is not allowed.This is obviously incorrect.

Then, palace offenders, palace offenders, etc., of course, should also include business offenders, horns off feathers, feather offenders, etc. This is allowed, but there is a condition called "the same word for residence".The word zhu means the ending sound. Any tone must end on the tonic.The so-called "living characters are the same", that is, the main sound is the same pitch.Then, Huang Zhongshang can only transfer to Huang Zhongjiao, Huang Zhongyu, etc., and so on, which is also unscientific. The use of off-tones makes the music more varied and beautiful, but it also increases the difficulty of singing or playing. Therefore, in ancient times, being able to sing off-voice songs was regarded as a great skill.

The method of breaking the tune was already very popular in the Tang Dynasty.Song Chenyang's "Book of Music" volume 164 "Offence Tune" said: "The music of Yuefu has not been used since ancient times, and it is considered to be unpleasant. Tang Dynasty began with "Sword" in "Huntuo" in the last year of Tianhou. It is the beginning of crime." In the Song Dynasty, the tone of crime became more popular, so that there were three offenses and four offenses in a tone.The general method of breaking the tune is to select a few sentences from several different word cards and concatenate them into a new word card.For example, "Four Offenders Jian Meihua" (also known as "Three Offenders Jinyuanchun") is derived from the seventh and eighth sentences of "Jie Lianhuan", the fourth and fifth sentences of "Drunk Penglai", and the sixth and seventh sentences of "Snow Lion". , "Drunk Penglai", the ninth and ten consecutive sentences are formed.Another example is "Jiang Yue Shaking Heavy Mountains", with three lines on the top and bottom of the film, and the next two lines "Little Heavy Mountains".In addition, there are "Three Offenders Crossing the River", "Small Town West Offenders", "Six Ugly", "Four Offenders Order", "The Last Offender", "Linglong Four Offenders", "Back Offenders", "Flower Offenders", "Eight Offenders with Jade Branches" Wait.