It is the abbreviation of "Selected Poems of Thousands of Tang and Song Dynasties Compiled by Category", compiled by Liu Kezhuang, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty.The book contains the works of 368 people, most of which were written by Tang and Song poets, and a few were written by poets of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Five Dynasties.The book consists of 22 volumes and contains 1281 poems, all of which are verses and quatrains.There are 14 categories and 133 categories, including seasons, seasons, climate, day and night, flowers, bamboo forests, astronomy, geography, palaces, utensils, music, animals, insects, and human character.Since this collection was selected by Song people, there are not many Tang poems, but Song poems accounted for 70 to 80%, especially the Southern Song poets, such as Liu Kezhuang, Dai Gufu, Zhu Shuzhen, Ge Changgeng, etc.The selections in this collection are representative works of Tang and Song Dynasties, many of which are well-known, easy to understand, and appealing to both refined and popular tastes. There is a copy of "Twelve Kinds of Books in Neem Ting Collection" extant.

Since Liu Kezhuang's "Poems of a Thousand Families in Houcun" has many chapters and categories, it is not easy to recite and popularize, so many new anthologies appeared in the Ming Dynasty.Most of these anthologies are based on additions and deletions from Liu Kezhuang's original works, and the arrangement has also been greatly adjusted.Among them, Xie Fangde and Wang Xiang's selected editions are the most widely circulated among the people.Although the seven-character part of the book is titled Xie Fang Dexuan, it is a false entrustment.The reason is probably that later generations have admiration for Xie Fangde, a patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and it is also conducive to the dissemination of the poetry collection itself.In the seven-character part, there are two poems written by Ming people, which were undoubtedly added by later generations. The five-character poem part of this book was selected and annotated by Wang Xiang, a scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, which is more true.

The annotated edition of Wang Xiangxuan contains a total of 226 poems (223 poems in one commentary), including two parts: one part is "Supplement and Re-editing Poems of Thousand Schools", which contains 94 seven-character quatrains and 48 seven-character verses.This part is the most popular and influential; the other part is "New Engrave Five-Character Thousand Poems", which contains 39 five-character quatrains and 45 five-character verses, which are not as rich in content as seven-character poems.Although the book only has two genres of quatrains and verses, it includes many representative works of various periods and genres in Tang and Song Dynasties.

The following is a brief introduction to the features of Wang Xiangxuan's annotation: 1. This anthology is neither authored nor chronologically ordered, but roughly arranged in the order of spring, summer, autumn, and winter.For example, in the part of seven-character quatrains, the first one is "Chun Ri Oucheng" by Cheng Hao in Song Dynasty, followed by Zhu Xi's "Spring Day", Su Shi's "Spring Night", Yang Juyuan's "Early Spring in the East of the City", Wang Anshi's "Spring Night", Han Yu's " "A Little Rain in Early Spring" until Jia Dao in the Tang Dynasty's "Sending Spring on a Dark Sun in March" are all works about spring scenery, spring scenes, Wing Chun things, spring feelings, and remember spring things.Then, there are three seasons of summer, autumn and winter.Poems about summer include Sima Guang's "Early Summer in the Guest", Zhao Shixiu's "Yue Ke", Gao Pian's "Mountain Pavilion Summer", etc.; works about autumn include Du Fu's "Autumn Xing", Lu You's "Autumn Thoughts", Liu Yuxi's "Autumn Wind Introduces" and so on; those who write about winter include Lu Meipo's "Snow Plum", Liu Kezhuang's "Winter Scenery" and so on.These works have different styles, full of fun, obvious seasonal characteristics, delicate scenery description, and quite successful in depicting and expressing people's inner emotions.

Of course, there are also a small number of works in this collection that are arranged in positions that do not conform to the order of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter.This may be because the content of some poems is not obvious, or it may be due to the original editor's improper arrangement or intentional arrangement.For example, Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Envoy Anxi" is a farewell work in spring, but it is arranged in the summer part; Yang Wanli's "Dawn of Jingci Sending Lin Zifang" and Cai Que's "Summer Boarding the Car and Building Pavilion" are both summer Zhu Xi's "Rafting a Boat" and Bai Yuchan's poems are spring works, but they are also included in Yongdong's works, and so on.

Second, there are many poets with a wide range of subjects.Although only 226 poems were selected in Wang Xiangxuan's annotation, it includes more than 120 authors, ranging from emperors, prime ministers, officials, celebrities and scholars, down to monks, shepherd boys, unknown persons, and even a small number of works by women.This is mainly because during the Tang and Song dynasties, especially in In the Tang Dynasty, modern poetry was very popular, and people from all walks of life liked to recite and write poems. Poets came out in large numbers, and poems multiplied. The themes of the selected works are also very wide. Some of them simply describe the scenery, describe the scenery of the four seasons, and some express their aspirations; There are those about morality and entertainment; some about silkworm women and concubines, and some about eminent monks and hermits, basically reflecting all aspects of social life.The following will be explained in conjunction with the poem.Those who simply describe the scenery and the scenery of the four seasons, such as Du Fu's "quatrains": "Two orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets go up to the blue sky. The window contains the snow of Xiling, and the gate is moored by Dongwu Wanli boat." It is a wonderful spring scene. picture.Those who chant things and express their ambitions, such as "Shang Gao Shi Lang": "Peaches and dew seeds in the sky, red apricots are planted against the clouds by the sun. Hibiscus grows on the autumn river, don't complain to the east wind." Sending friends farewell poems, such as Wang Wei Wei's "Sending Yuan Er Envoy Anxi": "Weicheng is raining in the morning and dust is light, and the guesthouses are green and willows are new. I advise you to drink a glass of wine, and there will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west." Another example is Su Shi's "Gift to Liu Jingwen": "The lotus There is no cover for the rain, and the chrysanthemums still have proud frost branches. You must remember the good times of the year, the most orange-yellow orange-green time.” Works that reflect the past and the present, such as Du Mu’s "Jiangnan Spring": "Thousands of miles of birds cry green Reflecting the red, the wind of the water village, mountain, country and wine flag. In the 480 temples in the Southern Dynasties, how many towers are in the mist and rain!" Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Wow Clothes Lane": "Wild grass and flowers beside the Zhuque Bridge, the sunset at the entrance of the Bird Clothes Lane. In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang , Flying into the homes of ordinary people." There is also Lin Sheng's "Inscribed Lin'an Mansion": "When will the West Lake dance and dance stop outside the green hills outside the mountains? There is Du Fu's "Landscape Map of Li Guqing Simadi": "The abbot is muddy and connected to the water, and the roof reflects the clouds. People often see paintings, but when they grow old, they hate space. Fan Lizhou is too small, Wang Qiao and cranes are not grouped. This life follows everything, how can it be Let the dust out!"

Here we mainly explain the should-made eulogy poems and remuneration poems in the feudal era. "Responsive system" refers to writing poems and essays under the order of the emperor, mostly works of praise.For example, Wang Gui's "Shangyuan Yingzhi": "Xuexiao Huayue is full of Xiantai, and thousands of candles are opened on the tower. The double phoenix cloud is supporting the chariot, and the six turtles are driving the mountain from the sea. The Zhou banquet is dipped in the spring wine of Haojing, and the Fenshui "Autumn Wind" is a poor man's talent. A song "Shengping" is a joy for all, and the king enters the Zixia Cup again." This Yingzhi poem is written in a more vivid, vivid and poetic way.Many should-made poems only care about rhythm, pile up rhetoric, and sing praises, so they don't have much literary value.

"Harmony" means reciprocating with poetry.For example, Du Fu's "Early Dynasty with Jia Sheren" is about Jia Zhi.Jia Zhi wrote "Early Dynasty Daming Palace": "Silver candles are facing the sky and purple trees are growing, and the Forbidden City is full of spring. Thousands of weak willows are full of green hair, and hundreds of singing warblers surround the building. The sound of swords follows the steps of jade. Incense burner. I bathe in Enbo Fengchi together, and serve the king in court." As soon as this poem came out, Du Fu, Wang Wei, and Cen Shen wrote poems and chanted it one after another. Fairy peaches. The flags are warm in the sun, dragons and snakes are moving, the palace wind is gentle, and the sparrows are high. After the court, the cigarettes are full of sleeves, and the poems are made of pearls and jade. If you want to know the beauty of the world's palms, there are phoenix hairs on the pond." Du Fu's poem is from The content is in harmony, not in rhyme.In the late Tang Dynasty, there were also rhymes with the same rhyme.

3. The selected poems are almost all modern style poems.The so-called modern style poetry is a new style of poetry produced in the early Tang Dynasty - regulated poems and quatrains. They have certain patterns and rules in terms of word count, sound rhyme, antithesis, and structure.The Tang people called this kind of metrical poetry modern style poetry or modern style poetry; the previous free poetry without any restrictions on meter except rhyme was called ancient style poetry or past style poetry.Later generations continued to use this statement. The general characteristics of modern poetry are:

1. The number of words is fixed.Five-character regulated poems have five characters and one sentence, and eight sentences have a total of forty characters; seven-character regulated poems have seven characters and one sentence, eight sentences and fifty-six characters.Five-character quatrains are five-character sentences and four sentences are 20 characters; seven-character quatrains are seven-character sentences and four sentences are 28 characters.In addition, there are long rhythms (or row rhythms), which refer to rhythmic poems with more than eight sentences.This type of modern poetry was not selected.

2. Rhyme with flat tones.The so-called rhyme is to combine the same rhyme (referring to the same final vowel of the word) in the poem The words are placed in the same position in the sentence.The rhyme (referring to rhyming words) of modern poetry generally appears at the end of the couplet.For example, in Yan Shu's "Allegorical Meaning": Youbi Xiangche no longer meets, and the gorge cloud leaves no trace. The pear blossom courtyard melts into the moon, and the catkin pond is light with wind. After a few days of solitude and alcohol, I was in a bleak and smoking ban. Where do fish books want to be sent? The advantages of water and mountains are the same. The characters marked with "△" in the poems are all rhymes, and the finals are "ong". Except for the rhyme in the first sentence, they all appear at the end of the couplet. There are strict rules for the rhyme of modern poetry: ①The first sentence in a regulated poem must use rhyme.For example, the first sentence of "Yi Yi" above uses rhyme, but of course some first sentences do not need to use rhyme. ② Regardless of whether the first sentence rhymes or not, the couplets of the poem (the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth sentences in the verse) must rhyme. ③One rhyme to the end, two or more rhymes cannot be used in a poem. ④ The rhyme foot must use words with the same rhyme part, and adjacent rhymes (except the first sentence) cannot be used, let alone echo rhymes. ⑤ You must choose level tones as rhymes. 3. Rhythm poems must have antithesis.The duality in poetry is called antithesis.Antithesis refers to the pairs of words of the same kind, that is, nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, localizers to localizers, and quantifiers to quantifiers.Such as mountains-water, flowers-grass, up-down, east-west, sky-earth, one-many, and so on.The antithesis in regulated poems generally appears in the jaw couplets (the third and fourth sentences are the jaw couplets) and the neck couplets (the fifth and six sentences are the neck couplets).Such as Liu Kezhuang's "Winter Landscape": The clear window wakes up early and loves the morning sun, The sound of autumn outside the bamboo is gradually gaining momentum. (first couplet) Order the servant to arrange a new Nuan Pavilion, Hutong irons and pastes old cold clothes. (jaw couplet) The leaves are tender and the green wine is ripening, Orange cut fragrant yellow crab is fat. (neck joint) A garden full of chrysanthemums is enviable, Appreciation never goes against each other. (tail couplet) The couplets in the jaw and neck of this poem use antithesis.Among them, "Ming Pu" in the third sentence is opposite to "Hutong" in the fourth sentence, and "arranging a new Nuan Pavilion" is opposite to "ironing old cold clothes".The fifth sentence "leaves are floating and tender green" is in opposition to the sixth sentence "orange is cut into fragrant yellow". It is common in regulated poems that the middle two couplets (the jaw couplet and the neck couplet) are in opposition, but there are also the first three couplets that use antithesis, such as Cen Shen's " "Early Dynasty with Jiasheren": Rooster crowing Zimo dawn cold, Ying twitters Huangzhou's spring scene. (first couplet) Jin Que Xiaozhong opened thousands of households, The immortals of the jade rank embrace thousands of officials. (jaw couplet) Flowers greet swords and Pei stars fall, Liu Fujing's flag is still wet. (neck joint) Exclusive guests on the Phoenix Pond, It is difficult to make peace in Yangchun. (tail couplet) There are also antithesis in the latter triple combination.For example, Du Fu's "Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity (Part 5)": Penglai Palace faces Nanshan, Chenglu golden stem Xiao Hanjian. (first couplet) Looking west at the Queen Mother of Yao Chi, The purple air from the east is full of letters. (jaw couplet) The cloud moves the tail of the pheasant and opens the palace fan, The sun surrounds the dragon scales to recognize the holy face. (neck joint) One night in the Cangjiang River, A few times, Qing Suo goes to work. (tail couplet) There are even quadruples that use confrontation. In addition, there are steal spring grid and bee waist grid.Stealing the spring grid means that the third couplet uses confrontation, but the second couplet does not, but the first couplet uses confrontation.The bee waist grid refers to the only one couplet in a regulated poem, that is, the neck couplet with antithesis. 4. There is a certain flat format.Wulu, Qilu, Wujue, and Qijue all have four basic patterns.Readers can combine the psalms for their own experience. 4. Wang Xiangxuan's annotation is moderate in length and concise in style, which is not only easy to read and memorize, but also can understand the general situation of the development of the Tang and Song dynasties.In compiling this book, we focus on introducing the poet's life and the writing background of his works, so that readers can understand and grasp it.