Chapter 5 Take a long breath to cover your tears, mourning the hardships of people's lives

Qu Yuan Take the root of the tree to make a knot, Run through the pistils of the Lily. Correct the fungus osmanthus and lava, The rope of the rope. Jianwu Fafu has cultivated before, Not accepted by the world. Although it is not as good as today's people, I would like to follow Peng Xian's legacy. Take a long breath to cover up your tears, Mourn how difficult people's lives are. Although Yu is good at repairing and restraining me, It is replaced by the morning and evening. Since I am here for Yu Yihui, And apply for it. I also have the kindness in my heart, Although he died nine times, he still has no regrets.

On September 5, 2006, on the eve of his visit to Europe, Premier Wen Jiabao accepted interviews from five media outlets including Finland's Helsinki News, British Reuters and The Times, Germany's Deutsche Presse Agency and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.During the interview, a reporter from The Times asked: "What is your favorite book to read before going to bed at night? After you cover the book, what questions often make it difficult for you to sleep?" Premier Wen replied: "You are actually asking me about reading and thinking. Let me quote the poems and works of famous Chinese and foreign masters. It can vividly tell you what kind of person I am, what books I often read, and what problems I am thinking about." "I don't have half an acre, and I worry about the world; I have read thousands of volumes, and I have made friends with the ancients." , mourning for the hardships of the people's lives." "Ya Zhai lying down and listening to Xiaoxiaozhu, it is suspected to be the sound of people's suffering." "There are two things, the deeper and longer I think about them. The awe grows and grows day by day. This is the starry sky above my head and the moral law in my heart.''Why do I often have tears in my eyes? Because I love this land so much.'"

The opening quotation is an excerpt from Qu Yuan's "Li Sao".Premier Wen quoted famous lines from "Li Sao" many times in some public occasions, showing his sincere love for this work, and also showing his deep understanding of Qu Yuan's patriotism. The excerpted verses express the poet's feelings: the poet wants to pick the roots of the fragrant wood, wear the flower heart of Xueli, and wear the long Husheng flower rope made of Cymbidium to imitate the sages of the previous generation.He would rather be ridiculed by today's people than follow the norms left by Peng Xian.Whenever he thinks of this scene, the poet always wipes his tears and sighs deeply, lamenting that he has lived such a difficult life, just because he loves virtue and restrains himself with virtue, the poet is scolded in the morning and dismissed from office at night.Even though the desolation is so far, the poet still sings, as long as it is the food he loves from the bottom of his heart, even if he dies for it thousands of times, he will not regret it at all.

"Li Sao" is Qu Yuan's representative work, and it is also the longest romantic lyric poem in the history of ancient Chinese poetry, with a total of 373 sentences and nearly 2,500 characters.The meaning of the title is different in ancient and modern times: Sima Qian interpreted it as "Li You" ("Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan"); "("Chu Ci Zhang Ju·Li Sao Jing Preface").According to Wei Zhao's annotation "Sao, sorrow; Li, rebellion" in the sentence "Sao Li" in "Mandarin Chu Yu Shang", Xiang Anshi of the Song Dynasty judged that "the language of the Chu people has been like this since ancient times. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" must be He wrote it based on the sorrow of leaving the bank. Later poets imitated it and wrote "The Sorrow of the Bank", which is why." According to "Dazhao", "Fuxi "Jibian" and "Lao Shang" of Chu Zhi" and Wang Yi's note ""Jibian" and "Lao Shang" are both titles", thinking that "Lao Shang" and "Li Sao" are both double-sounding characters, and "Li Sao" is the transliteration of "Lao Shang". "One thing has different names", so it can be deduced that "Li Sao" was originally the name of an ancient song in Chu State ("Li Sao Compilation").Although these statements are all reasonable, Sima Qian and Ban Gu's statement is the closest to the topic. It has both exegetical basis and also has the "alone calendar year and leaving minxi" ("Thinking of Beauty"), "thinking of the son and leaving worry alone" ("Mountain Ghost") and other verses are circumstantial evidence, which are more credible.

As the earliest lyric poem created and independently completed by literati in the history of ancient Chinese literature, "Li Sao" has set a brilliant example for later generations of literature in terms of both thought and art. The themes of "Li Sao" are multiple. It not only fully expresses the poet's "beautiful political ideal" and deep and persistent patriotic feelings of "preserving the king and rejuvenating the country", but also shows the stern personality and unscrupulousness of "independence and never changing". critical spirit.Among them, the two themes of patriotism and loyalty to the emperor are particularly prominent.Sima Qian said: "Although Qu Yuan was sent into exile, he visited the state of Chu, cherished the king in his heart, and never forgot his desire to return.... There are three ambitions in one article" ("Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Sheng").

"Li Sao" is also extremely accomplished in art, and has made breakthroughs in image shaping, creative methods, forms of expression, and language expression.The author not only created a radiant and lyrical protagonist with himself as the prototype, but also inherited and developed the fine tradition of mythology and mythology in the creation method, with realism as the keynote and romanticism as the feature, and perfectly combined the two to create a new story for the audience. The lyrical literature of later generations has set up an immortal model in the creation method; it not only inherits and develops the artistic achievements of Fu, Bi and Xing techniques, but also adopts the "vanilla beauty" technique of metaphor, expressing emotion on things, entrusting things to express emotions, making Subjective feelings and objective things are fused into one. Through the descriptions such as "making lotus for clothes, gathering hibiscus for clothes", "wearing colorful and complicated ornaments, and fragrant and beautiful clothes", a series of rich and colorful clothes are created. Symbolic artistic images, and on the basis of absorbing folk literature and pre-Qin prose language nutrition, broke the four-character format, "self-made great words" ("Wen Xin Diao Long Bian Sao"), created a syntax A new form combining jagged and rhyme-san - Sao style.In short, the brilliance of his artistic achievements, "although it is possible to compete with the sun and the moon" ("Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan").

"Li Sao" not only influenced the creation of generations of poets in art, but also affected every Chinese with its extraordinary personality and lofty patriotism.This lasting and profound influence is best evidenced by Premier Wen's repeated quotations from the poem "Li Sao". The last time Premier Wen Jiabao quoted "Li Sao" was on March 14, 2010.Premier Wen met with Chinese and foreign journalists covering the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress in the Golden Hall on the third floor of the Great Hall of the People and answered questions from the reporters. ", once again expressing his aspirations with poems, showing that he loves his motherland deeply and is willing to fight for the prosperity of the motherland all his life.