The emperor has training, The people can be close, not down, The people are the foundation of the state, This solid state. I look upon all fools and foolish women in the world as capable of defeating me, One person loses three? Does the resentment lie in the clear? Not seeing is a picture. To Lin Zhaomin, Riding six horses like a rotten rope, who is superior to others, Why disrespect? On February 26, 2007, Xinhua News Agency published a signed article by Premier Wen Jiabao, "About the Historical Tasks in the Primary Stage of Socialism and Several Issues in my country's Foreign Policy". In this article, Premier Wen talked about the importance of cultural exchanges. function and significance, and made a high evaluation of Chinese traditional culture. Premier Wen mentioned in the article: the philosophical thought of "harmony without diversity", the people-oriented thought of "the people are the foundation of the country", the philosophy of "respecting teachers and valuing education". Educational thought, "Do not do to others what you don't want done to you" social ethics thought are the essence of traditional Chinese culture.Later, Premier Wen pointed out: We will use various forms and means, including touring shows, Chinese language teaching, academic exchanges and mutual cultural years, etc., to further promote the excellent Chinese culture to go abroad and to the world, and enhance its international influence.

In the above, the "people are the country's foundation" mentioned by Premier Wen comes from "Shangshu·Song of the Five Sons". "Song of the Five Sons" is a group of poems.According to the introduction of the narrative speech before the poem, the creation background of this group of poems is: Dayu passed the throne to Qi, and Qi passed the throne to Taikang.Taikang, the Empress of Xia, ignored government affairs and went out hunting and playing all day long. He never returned for a hundred days.Houyi, the prince of a poor country, saw that the people had reached the point where he could not bear it, so he resisted Taikang and refused to let him return to his country.At this sad moment, Taikang's five younger brothers helped their mother to the edge of Luoshui, waiting for Taikang's return.They recalled the warnings of their grandfather Dayu and wrote a series of poems to express their resentment.The selection here is the first one.It means: my ancestor Dayu once had a clear instruction that the people can be close but not underestimated. The people are the foundation of the country, and only when the foundation is strong can the country be peaceful.In my opinion, when dealing with the affairs of the world, even ordinary stupid people can outperform me.Does the public grievance caused by a person's many mistakes have to wait until it is fully manifested? You should consider examining yourself before it is manifested.I govern the people as cautiously as six horses are harnessed with a bad rope. As a monarch, how can you not be in awe?

The thoughts expressed in this poem are very profound, especially the two lines "the people are the foundation of the country, and the foundation of the country is peaceful" as the eyes of the poem, which summarizes the extremely precious thoughts in traditional Chinese culture in concise language. One of them is the people-oriented thought.In other words, the people are the cornerstone of the country, and only by consolidating the cornerstone of the country can the country be peaceful.The germination of the people-centered thought was very early in China. According to the existing data, during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, as the status of "people" in people's thinking rose further, advanced thinkers and politicians began to realize that the people's hearts were against each other. It played a decisive role in the rise and fall of the feudal dynasty.For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi State politician Guan Zhong said: "The beginning of a husband and a king is people-oriented. The principle of the country is solid, and the chaos of the country is the danger of the country." For the heart." Confucius discussed more, and his thought of "benevolence" as the core is deeply permeated with concern and emphasis on "people".When it came to his later student Mencius, this idea was summarized as: "The people are the most important, the society is second, and the king is the least." According to the research of modern scholars, this article "Shangshu" is the Meizi Xiang of the Eastern Jin Yuzhang internal history. The book presented by the imperial court contained many fake works by the people of the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and "Song of the Five Sons" is one of them.Based on this, we can be sure that the idea of ​​"the people are the foundation of the country" in "Song of the Five Sons" is actually a generalization and conclusion of the "emphasis on the people" trend of thought that has become a consensus since the Spring and Autumn Period.After this idea came into being, it immediately became an ideological weapon for people with lofty ideals to resist the feudal autocratic system in the past dynasties.Wang Fu's "On the Qianfu" said: "The emperor regards the sky as the system, and the heaven regards the people as the heart, and the people do not have to follow what they want." Cheng Yi also said: "The people can be wise, but not stupid; It can be taught, but not prestige; the people can be obedient, but not forced; the people can be ordered, but not bullied." (25) Zhu Xi further developed it as: "The country is based on the people, and the country is also established for the people. , and the honor of the king depends on the survival of the two.”

Today, the ancient idea of ​​"the people are the foundation of the country, and the foundation of the country is stable" has a new vitality.We are now advocating the "people-oriented" scientific development concept, which is the inheritance and development of the "people-oriented" thought.Its essence is to liberate and develop productive forces through reform and opening up, meet people's growing material and cultural needs, pay attention to people's status and role in society, respect people's value, care for and protect people's rights and interests, and under the conditions of equality and freedom Realize the all-round development of people.This signed article by Premier Wen was published on the eve of the "two sessions" held in March 2007. At the "two sessions" held shortly thereafter, people's livelihood issues received much attention, such as shanty towns, poor students, compensation for land expropriation, restraining housing price rises, etc. This problem has been highly valued in Premier Wen's government work report, from which we can see the party and government's concern for people's livelihood and the scientific development idea of ​​"people-oriented".