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Chapter 50 Emperor Guangxu of Emperor Dezong of the Qing Dynasty——Aixinjueluo·Zaitian

Appreciation Dictionary of Emperors' Poetry in Past Dynasties 陈贻焮 2496Words 2018-03-20

Aixinjueluo Zaitian (1871-1908), Wenzong's heir, his father is Wenzong's younger brother, Prince Chunxian.When he came to the throne, he was only five years old, and the Empress Dowager Cixi was in charge.After being in power at the age of seventeen, she was still under the control of Empress Dowager Cixi.The Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War failed, and Li Hongzhang signed the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" with Japan, which was humiliating and humiliating.Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao set off the reform movement, and Zai Tian also wanted to do something to support the reform movement.The Empress Dowager Cixi launched a coup, imprisoned Zaitan in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai, and "trained the government" again.In the end, he died of illness in Yingtai and was buried in Chongling (now Taining Town, Yiju, Hebei).The temple name is Dezong, and it is known as Emperor Guangxu in history. Jin Ying walks around Zhulan brilliantly, beautiful and fragrant, beautiful and delicious.

There are countless chrysanthemum poems written in the past dynasties, and many of them can be called masterpieces.The poem "Appreciating Chrysanthemum" written by Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty may be little known, but it is indeed written in a unique style. This is a poem chanting things, and the first sentence is about the blooming of flowers: "Jinying is lingering around Zhulan." "Jinying" is equivalent to saying "yellow flowers", but the emotional color of the words is quite different. "Yellow" is just one of the common colors, but using "gold" to describe it adds a layer of dignity. "Flower" is just a general term, a very common word, but once it is used as "English", it will get rid of the vulgarity and show its elegance.Golden chrysanthemums are in full bloom among the vermilion columns, and the environment is quiet.The green leaves and Zhulan complement each other, making the "Jinying" look colorful and radiant. "Come around" is a verb. The author anthropomorphized the chrysanthemum, expressing the natural interest of the chrysanthemum. The next sentence is the poet's sincere admiration: "The beauty is fragrant and delicious." Chrysanthemums are not as rich and noble as peonies, or as coquettish as peach blossoms. The golden color of chrysanthemums reveals an elegant and elegant charm. color.Chrysanthemums are not as eye-catching as gardenias or as provocative as cloves. The nobleness of chrysanthemums is only willing to release a little bit of energy occasionally for a quiet fragrance.The good color and fragrance make the chrysanthemum more beautiful and lovely, and make the poet feel more beautiful and delicious.The sense of melting and desire to possess beautiful things is the extreme development and exposure of the love of beauty.I really don't know how the author's praise for chrysanthemums should be forwarded below! Who would have thought that the third line of the poem is "see crops without looking at chrysanthemums"!This sudden turn, the expression of such ruthlessness is beyond comprehension, it is incredible!Chrysanthemum, its color is beautiful, its fragrance is clear, beautiful and delicious, why don't you even look at it?Don't you know "When I bloom, a hundred flowers will kill" (Huang Chao's "Chrysanthemum")?Don't you know that "there are no flowers when all the flowers bloom" (Kang Zhen's "Chrysanthemum")?The answer: not necessarily!Not only that, but the author even "prefers chrysanthemums among flowers".But why all of a sudden, reluctantly parted ways, went to "see the crops" and cared about farming? The last sentence of the poem answers: "I know that civil affairs are very difficult." The word "knowledge" tells people that the author is not poetic or whimsical, but he has heard and thought about "Jiarong".The word "very" reflects that the author not only knows but also knows a lot about "civil affairs".When he admired the chrysanthemums, he felt that the chrysanthemums were beautiful and delicious, but he also knew that "the food on the plate is hard work every day" (Li Shen's "Two Poems of Sympathy for Farmers").He knew the importance of rain to farming, so he didn't want to see the scene of "smoke from mulberry strips without leaves, and flute pipes greet the front of Longshui temple" (Li Yue's "Viewing Rain"); he knew the harm of rain to crops, So he didn't want to see the scene of "the white-haired old farmer standing like a crane, looking at the clouds from the height of the wheat field" (Yong Yu's "Farm House Looking at the Sun").Understanding and caring about the sufferings of the people's livelihood is so precious for a feudal emperor! The poem has only four lines and only twenty-eight characters, but it is written with twists and turns and great depth.The first sentence describes the emotion and painting state, showing the amiable posture of Jinju, and then the second sentence advances one level, praising the clean quality and beauty of chrysanthemum, and the tide of emotion overflows layer upon layer, and it seems to be irresistible .The third sentence unexpectedly jumps, like a long lake leading to a cliff, suddenly suspended thousands of feet, the realm is a new one, the last sentence of the poem, like an abyss carrying a waterfall, immediately splashed endless waves, magnificent It is spectacular and shocking to the soul.Shigui's turning point is uneven!The sudden turn of this poem is very meaningful. It makes the theme of the poem jump out of the barriers of ordinary poems chanting things, and also has the connotation of compassion for farmers, which fully expresses the author's lofty and extraordinary feelings.The uniqueness of Guangxu's chrysanthemum poem is shown here, which is amazing!

Reading is poor, and the state of mind is ignorant.

This five rhythms was written by Guangxu Zhui and his ancestor Qianlong.According to the title of the poem, Gaozong (that is, Emperor Qianlong)'s original title "Guiwei Chunri Imperial Poem" (according to this poem has not been found in Gaozong Hongli's "The Complete Works of Leshantang") is considered to be in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763). And 120 years later, Guiwei will be the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), and Guangxu and his poems may be written in the spring of that year. This poem fits the metrical pattern of starting, inheriting, turning, and combining.The first two sentences are: "Reading is based on reason, and the state of mind is vain." At the beginning of the chapter, it is proposed to keep the mind upright and innocent when reading, and to be open-minded. "Xu" means to be open-minded, and "bright" means to be upright.It is from this that the two sentences of the couplets come from: "dedicated to hindering, staying high and avoiding fullness." In the first sentence, there is a verb "to hinder", which means to hinder and prevent; in the latter sentence, the verb is a word "jie". , It means to quit and be vigilant.The meaning and method of succession of these two lines of the author's poems are: as long as you concentrate on reading, you will not be distracted.This is a word "Ming" in the first couplet.If you want to make progress, you will not be able to be proud and conceited. If you don’t read it, you will feel satisfied, and the more you read, the more you will feel insufficient; this is a word "virtual" in the first couplet.The second sentence of the couplet inherits the word "Xu Ming" from the first couplet, and breaks it down and develops it. The above two couplets are throwing and receiving, discussing and reasoning, while the following two couplets are reversals, expressing emotions. The neck couplet says "look up to the ancestors' precepts, and respect the sage's love." "Wei" means thinking;These are two verbs. Both "ancestor training" and "sage love" are nominal phrases.The two couplets in the middle of the poem are the antithesis of Gongwen, but the rhetorical technique of intertextuality is also used in the neck couplet, so the two sentences should be combined to understand: we should carefully remember and ponder the legacy and teachings of ancestors and saints, and appreciate the subtle words and great meanings in them .Starting from the purpose of reading discussed in this couplet, the author naturally put forward his own reading requirements: "Every sentence is deleted, and the Lingtai is as clear as water." "Lingtai" is also the heart. It is said in "Zhuangzi·Gengsang Chu": "It cannot be inside the Lingtai." "Shiwen" quoted Guo Xiang's words to explain: "Lingtai": "The heart is also. The case says that the heart has spiritual intelligence and can be held. "The metaphor of "the Lingtai is as clear as water" is really strange and ready-made, and the image is novel.The two sentences in the last couplet are not only the knot of the whole poem, but also a step away from the proposition put forward by the first couplet: since reading is about "poor theory", what are you doing with "sentences"?Isn't maintaining the emptiness of the state of mind to achieve the state of being as clear as water? From the perspective of the internal structure of the poem, the end couplet is not a simple reply or synthesis of the first couplet. It not only supplements and develops the meaning, but also uses vivid metaphors in art to avoid discussing what the poem says. The blunt, tedious preaching that might come gives the lines a more sensual image.This couplet is the center of gravity of the whole poem, and also the artistic life of the whole poem.The conception of the Psalm has been improved and sublimated here, and the artistic value of the Psalm has also been truly realized here.It can be said that one life is one life, "full realm" (Wang Guowei's "Human Ci Live")! Guangxu's chasing work is actually a reasoning poem and a reading guide, but it is not abstract, let alone boring, but has the beauty of poetic rhythm, and its arguments are not without new insights.In particular, the two sentences "All the sentences are deleted, and the Lingtai is as clear as water" can be called exquisite.The greatest artistic feature of Guangxu's poems is that there is moistness in dryness, beauty in simplicity, and alluring satire, from which one can get philosophical enlightenment and poetic cultivation.

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