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Chapter 20 Tang Taizong - Li Shimin

Appreciation Dictionary of Emperors' Poetry in Past Dynasties 陈贻焮 9800Words 2018-03-20
Li Shimin (599-649), the second son of Tang Gaozu.At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he persuaded his father to rebel against the Sui Dynasty. When Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, he was named King of Qin.In the ninth year of Wude (626), the "Xuanwu Gate Change" was launched, and his brother was killed to build it, and he was established as the prince and succeeded to the throne.Historical records: Li Shimin was young and intelligent, with far-reaching knowledge, decisive at the moment, and able to bend the corporal.During his reign, he implemented the land equalization system, the rent-yong adjustment method and the government soldier system, and strengthened the assessment of local officials.He also revised "Clan Records" and developed the imperial examination system.He often takes "the death of the Sui Dynasty as a lesson" and is more capable of appointing talents and accepting advice.At that time, the social economy recovered, and historians praised it as "the rule of Zhenguan".In his later years, Li Shimin's life tended to be extravagant. He died of illness in Chang'an Palace and was buried in Zhaoling (now northeast of Liquan County, Shaanxi).

Li Shimin has both civil and military skills. After he ascended the throne, he set up the Hongwen Museum and called famous Confucian scholars.His poems are magnificent and magnificent. "Yin Ma Great Wall Cave Tour", "Autumn Day" and so on, are his famous works. "Quan Tang Poetry" contains one volume of his poems, ninety-eight poems. Qinchuan Xiongdi's residence, Hanguzhuang Emperor's residence①.
The setting sun doubles the dusk, and Huiyu Jiuchong dusk ⑤.
①Qinchuan: From the north of Dasan Pass to Fengxiang, the fertile fields on both sides of the Weihe River are thousands of miles away. The Spring and Autumn and Warring States were the land of Qin, so it was called Qinchuan.Hangu: Qin's East Gate, located in the south of Lingbao County, Henan Province today, and moved to the northeast of Xin'an County, Henan Province in the Western Han Dynasty.The situation is dangerous. "The West Expedition": "Guancheng Road is in the valley, as deep and dangerous as a letter, hence the name." "Emperor's House" and "Imperial Residence" both refer to the capital and the capital.

② Qidian: A gorgeous palace.Xun: The ancient unit of length, eight chi is one Xun.Li Palace: A palace for leisure outside the imperial court.Xianyang is the capital of Qin, and Chang'an is the Li Palace of Qin.Pheasant: A unit of wall area. "Zuo Zhuan Yin Gongnian" "The capital city has a hundred pheasants" note: "The abbot is called a block, and the three blocks are called a pheasant. The wall of a pheasant is three feet long and one foot high." ③甍 (meng): Roof, refers to the house.Han: Xiaohan, Milky Way.View: The watchtowers on both sides in front of the palace gate, that is, the que; also refers to the terrace.

④ Qishu: The good name of the window. ⑤ Jiuzhong: Refers to the court.Song Yu's "Nine Distinctions": "The gate of the king is ninefold." 6 Chubi: Refers to the evening sky.The blue sky turns dark blue at night.Light element: refers to the moonlight.It is white raw silk. Liang Shenyue's "Looking at the Autumn Moon": "It is as clear as plain." ⑦搴门: lift the curtain.Front: curtain, curtain. 8 Yushu: The good name of trees.It also refers to pagoda tree, "Sanfu Huangtu" II: "There is a pagoda tree on the north bank of Ganquan Palace in this case, and it is called a jade tree today.

"Dijing Pian" is a group of poems written by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty in praise of Chang'an, the capital of Tang Dynasty. There are ten poems in total. Give it thousands of hours (the emperor's complicated government affairs) to enjoy art and literature.Looking at the emperors and kings of the past dynasties, and examining the actions at that time, Xuan (Yuan), (Tai) Hao, Shun, and Yu are superior to each other. , Junyu carved walls, extravagant and beautiful, taxes are spread throughout the universe, tracks are all over the world, Kyushu (the whole country) can’t satisfy their demands, rivers and seas can’t support (satisfy) their desires, it’s not appropriate to fall and perish.I followed the end of a hundred kings, relaxed my heart (wanted to admire) for thousands of years, generously nostalgic for the past, and thought of that philosopher; I used the style of Yao and Shun to overcome the disadvantages of Qin and Han, and used Xianying (Xianchi, Liuying, Legend has it that it was the music of the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Ku, and it turned into a rotten sound. It is not difficult to ask for favors.Therefore, viewing literature and teaching is based on the Six Classics, and reading martial arts is based on the seven virtues ("Zuo Zhuan" refers to the seven things of banning violence, fighting soldiers, protecting the great, Dinggong, Anmin, harmony, and abundance of talents in the 12th year of Xuangong in "Zuo Zhuan". , is martial dance), terraces and pavilions are chosen to avoid dryness and dampness, and gold and stone (music) are respected for their harmony and gods.Therefore, the ditch is pleasant, so why bother to be on the shore of the river and the sea; the Lin Pavilion (there was a Qilin Pavilion in the Han Dynasty, with images of heroes painted in the pavilion, and Lingyan Pavilion was also built in the 17th year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan) to play, why bother to be between two tombs; Next, why are there gods on the sea?Explanation of facts and pursuit of beauty, follow people's desires, mess with the way, and gentlemen are ashamed of it, so I narrate "Emperor Capital Chapter" to clarify Yazhi Yuner.

The preface explains that at the beginning of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong read the historical records extensively, absorbing the experience of the success and failure of the rulers of the past dynasties—from the legendary Huangdi Xuanyuan to the Weiming Emperor not long before the Tang Dynasty—against the interpretation of reality and seeking for glory, and to give up Extravagance follows frugality, strives hard to govern, and expresses his "elegant ambition" to strive for the prosperity and prosperity of the dynasty with poetry.Therefore, in the tenth poem, he also wrote his "political program" to a certain extent: "Take a scroll to look at the past, and look at the past. The Maoci do not cut, and the rafters do not cut.") About, looking at Lan Dian Guang.Human nature is evil and high-risk, be modest and refrain from prosperity.Fengtian wholeheartedly respects, Linmin cares for and nourishes.Na Shancha's loyalty and advice, Mingke's punishment and reward. "We can further understand the connotation of Taizong's well-known sentence "using the ancients as a mirror, you can know the ups and downs" by reading the whole poem of "Emperor Capital Chapter".

What we choose here are the first and seventh two poems in the group.The first one focuses on the magnificence of Chang'an, the imperial capital.Chang'an has been the capital since the Qin and Han Dynasties. Before the Tang Dynasty, the former Qin, the former Zhao, the later Qin, the Western Wei, the Northern Zhou and the Sui also had their capitals here.Thousands of years of manpower management, although it has experienced the destruction of wars, the magnificent city scale has always been maintained, and it is easy to perfunctorily enhance it.Because of the magnificence of Chang'an City, later generations of poets and poets used the word "Chang'an" as the synonym for Kyoto.

The capital is the most benign district, the center of national politics, and it also has international influence if we use today's words. "Emperor Capital Chapter" takes the poem describing the situation and architecture of Chang'an as the first poem in the group, which shows the rigorous and meticulous structure of the group of poems.In the early Tang Dynasty, the five-character regulated poems had begun to mature, and the rhythm and antithesis of the whole poem were rigorous and precise, which also showed the author's artistic attainments in poetry.Therefore, Hu Zhenheng of the Ming Dynasty quoted Hu Yinglin as saying: "Emperor Weiwen (Taizong)'s "Dijing Pian" in the early Tang Dynasty is the essence of algae and is the most masterpiece. The charm of Liang and Chen is less, but more magnificent. No matter how rough it is, That is to say, great talents should be expelled for a lifetime. However, in the three hundred years (the Tang Dynasty ruled for nearly three hundred years), there are more than enough laws (poems) and not enough ancient (poems), which is a sign of the end."

The first two sentences describe the natural situation of Chang'an. The rich and prosperous Qinchuan (Guanzhong Plain) for 800 miles is its solid foundation, and Hangu Pass, where one man guards the pass and ten thousand people cannot open it, is its dangerous pass.As the imperial capital, it can be seen that it has a magnificent and unshakable atmosphere.Of course, geography is a secondary factor for the consolidation of the dynasty's rule. Ancient people of insight have long pointed out that whether the rule is consolidated or not "is not in danger". The land, confusion, and letter are solid and self-contained", and "one man is in trouble, and the seven temples fall, and his body is dead and his hands are laughing at the world. What is the difference between attack and defense without benevolence and justice?"But this is the discussion of politicians, and it does not affect the superiority and importance of Chang'an as the imperial capital in terms of geographical location.

The four sentences in the middle describe the architecture of Chang'an, respectively writing about the height of the palace, which rises hundreds of feet from the ground; The eaves and couplets on the eaves of the tower in front of the palace seem to be flying in the air.These four sentences are written in real terms, which vividly outline the magnificence and magnificence of Chang'an palace buildings. The last two sentences still describe the building, but from a different perspective.The poem writes that the tall towers can cover the clouds and the sun, and the wind and smoke at high altitude can flow freely in the windows.When writing articles or poems, one must pay attention to layers. Such clear layers and repeated descriptions can further express the object of description and leave a deep impression on readers.

The seventh poem is different from the first one, which is about the imperial capital. It is the life of the poet described in the preface as "in his spare time, to enjoy art and literature". The first two sentences describe that the sun was setting, and the double towers in front of the palace, which were brilliant during the day, had become gray; when I finished my government affairs and returned to the inner court, the entire palace city was shrouded in twilight. The night scene in the couplet is extremely beautiful, and the words "Chubi" and "Qingsu" in the poem have been preliminarily explained in the notes.Here, you might as well quote the night scene of Dongting Lake from the famous prose "Yueyang Tower" by Fan Zhongyan of Song Dynasty for comparison.Judging from the two sentences of "the long smoke is empty, the bright moon is thousands of miles", the author suspects that "Yueyang Tower" is somewhat inspired by "Emperor Capital Chapter", because the word "one empty" is inevitably obscure and difficult to understand, and the combination of "sanchubi" can be used to determine its accuracy righteous.As the night in nature, regardless of the palace or the wilderness, Taizong's poems and Fan Zhongyan's essays, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The neck couplet describes the poet's indoor activities at night, and the meaning is magnificent, so there is no need to force an explanation.But it also more or less reflects the daily life of the "founding hero" who is famous for his martial arts and martial arts, working hard day and night. Conclude the two sentences of "opening the pavilion to attract clouds and mists", and describe the late night scenery seen by opening the window: the Milky Way has been slanted, and the light illuminates the tall pavilions; the night wind blows the trees, making rustling sounds.It implies that it is time for the poet to rest. Due to space limitations, we only selected two of the poems in the group, but it can also be seen that their content is closely integrated with the poem preface.Generally speaking, poems are always written for others to read. Whether the life and thoughts written in the poems are consistent with the real life and thoughts of the poet is another matter.However, there is no doubt that the poet hopes to play an "educational role" for the trusted ministers who read "The Imperial Capital Chapter".Of course, only the "British Lord" can write and do this. The Tang Dynasty was a famous kingdom of poetry, and researchers have made many explanations for the prosperity of Tang poetry.One of the reasons is because of the ruler's hobbies and advocacy, and even as a criterion for selecting scholars.Looking at "Emperor Capital Chapter", it should be admitted that this is indeed a factor for the prosperity of Tang poetry.
Outside the Great Wall, the sad wind is cutting, and the Jiaohe River has frozen. ⑦.
① "Yinma Great Wall Cave Tour" is an old title of Yuefu.The inscription of the ancient poems of the Yuefu said: "One is "Drinking Horses". The Great Wall was built by the Qin Dynasty to prepare for the barbarians. There are spring caves under it, where you can drink horses. The conquerors went to the Great Wall and drank their horses, and the women missed their hard work, so they pretended to be a song." He also quoted "Yuefu Guangti" and said: "There is a creek in the south of the Great Wall, and there is an earth cave. At that time, all the soldiers who conquered the north of the fortress drank the water from the horses." ②Jiaohe: In the early Western Han Dynasty, it was the seat of Cheshi vestibule. Before the Tang Dynasty, it was the capital of Gaochang. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Jiaohe County was established.In the northwest of Turpan County, Xinjiang today. ③ Hanhai: Beihai, in the northeast of the Mongolian Plateau, refers to Hulun Lake and Bell Lake in Inner Mongolia today.Yinshan Mountain: The collective name for the mountains north of Hetao and south of the desert. ④ "Yuyou" sentence: "Poetry Xiaoya Che Gong" "Xiao Xiao Ma Ming, leisurely Jingjing", note: "Speaking is not noisy." ⑤ Shuo blowing: North wind. ⑥ Hu Chen: In ancient times, it refers to the intrusion of nomadic peoples in the Northwest.Yusai: Yumen Pass.Jinzheng: a musical instrument used as an order in the army. ⑦Juemo: remote desert area.Chariots: chariots and infantry.Zhen: "Book·Da Yumo" "Squad teacher revitalizes the brigade", after the victory of the expedition, the troops will be rectified and triumphant.Original: The meaning is the same as the wilderness, referring to the low-humidity land, and the newly cultivated fields are also called. 8 Du Wei: The name of the military officer.Longdui: Bailongdui, in present-day Xinjiang.Mayi: In today's Shuoxian, Ningwu, and Zuoyun areas of Shanxi. 9 Hui: "Full Tang Poetry" as dust, this is the basis.Ji Shi: Carved stone Jigong. 10 Desolate descendants: remote areas.One Rongyi: The phrase "One Rongyi, the world will be settled" in "Book·Wucheng", means to pacify the world by force.Lingtai: There was a Lingtai in Chang'an of the Han Dynasty, which was a place for observing celestial phenomena.Make a cloud platform.Here we all refer to the capital city. "Yinma Great Wall Cave Tour" is the name of the ancient Yuefu zi tune, and the ancient words were originally used to express women's memory of the hard work of their husbands who joined the army outside the city. "Yuefu Jieti" said: "An ancient word hurts a loved one who wanders and does not return, or Yuncha Yong's words. If Wei Chenlin's words say: 'Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave, the cold water hurts the bones of the horse.' It means that the people of Qin are suffering. The Battle of the Great Wall." In short, it is a word for a woman.There are seventeen poems with the same title, most of which are perfunctory in the meaning of ancient words.There are only three pieces by Wei Wendi Cao Pi, Suiyang Emperor Yang Guang and Tang Taizong Li Shimin, which have unique meanings, but Tang Taizong's one is the most magnificent and heroic.It reflects the spirit and mind of the founding monarch to calm the world. There are twenty sentences in the whole poem, where the rhyme is changed three times, and each rhyme forms a paragraph by itself.The verses are condensed and layered, making it a perfect narrative poem.The following is a brief analysis. The six sentences of "Beyond the Great Wall" write that Gao Qiu heard the police.In ancient times, nomadic peoples in Northwest China harassed the Central Plains every autumn when horses were fattening.The poem uses the different autumn colors that are representative of the three northwest frontier regions of Jiaohe, Hanhai, and Yinshan. The sad wind is covered with ice, the waves are covered with snow, and it is cold and bitter, which is a brief metaphor for the approaching disaster of war.The tall Xu Tower ignited a beacon of alarm, and envoys holding banners haunted the mountains and mountains.Gaojie generally refers to the high-spirited festival, and the poem refers to the festival held by the envoy.So the strict army was ordered to go out and drink horses in the spring cave under the Great Wall when they left the Great Wall. The six sentences of "Yuyou" write about the victory of the expedition.The sound of the wind blowing the flags describes the tranquility of the army, only the sound of the wind rolling the flags, which shows that the military orders are strict and the soldiers have been tempered for a long time.Then it writes that the army entered the Western Regions, and the continuous horseshoe tracks of the cavalry were printed on the cold desert, and the bitter north wind covered the noise of the battle.Soon, the enemy's traces were cleared outside Yumen Pass.The army celebrates the victory with Qiangdi and Jincheng ensemble music.The Qiang flute is a musical instrument of the ethnic groups in the northwest region, and it also contains the meaning of military and civilian joy together. The following eight sentences of "Juemo" describe the appearance of the class teacher playing triumphantly and Le Shi Jigong. As soon as the army came out, it defeated the enemy, and carved a stone record of its achievements at the battle memorial site.At this time, remote areas were also included in the territory of the Central Plains, and the soldiers returned to the capital.The stone carving is based on the allusion of Dou Xian in the Han Dynasty who carved stones on Yanran Mountain after he defeated the Xiongnu. The development of Northwest my country began in the Han Dynasty. At that time, the Protectorate of the Western Regions was set up, and the territory stretched from Lake Balkhash to Congling.In the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, the imperial court lost control of this area.The Tang Dynasty not only restored the territory of the Han Dynasty, established the Longyou Road, but also went west to the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya River Basin.This poem by Taizong reflects to a certain extent the courage and military exploits of the early Tang Dynasty in opening up the Western Regions, and has considerable historical significance.
Yunmengze, King of Chu, and Changyang Palace, Emperor of Han Dynasty.
①Yunmengze: The large swamp on both sides of the Yangtze River in the border area of ​​Hubei and Hunan today was the territory of Chu State in the pre-Qin period. "Zuo Zhuan" mostly records the deeds of the king of Chu hunting in Yunmengze.Changyang Palace: The former site is located in the southeast of Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province today. It was originally an old palace in Qin Dynasty and was restored in Han Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, various wild animals were collected from various places and imported into Changyang Palace for the emperor to shoot and hunt.See Yang Xiong's "Long Yang Fu". ②Zhensong: Shenyuan Mountain and Songshan Mountain are both in the territory of Henan today. ③Three drives: It is said in "Yi Bi Gua" that "the king uses three drives and loses the former bird".When the ancient emperors or nobles hunted, they used soldiers to light fire on three sides and beat drums to drive animals out from the jungle ravines for shooting.Qicui: The words come from "Mu Tianzi Biography".Later generations refer to elite troops. ④Summer clothing: Arrow name.Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu": "The powerful arrow of the right Xiafu." Yuqi: The cavalry in the Yulin Army, and the above-mentioned Zhenge both refer to the imperial guard.Green Shen: dark green. ⑤ Luojing: The glory of the setting sun.Strict wind: strong wind in winter.Emperor Liang Yuan's "Zian Yao": "Winter is called Xuanying,... the wind is called cold wind, strong wind, and severe wind." Humans originally entered the agricultural society from the fishing and hunting society. After entering the agricultural society, except for a few people who still use hunting as a means of livelihood, for most people, hunting has turned into a way of entertainment. This is a common practice in the world.In ancient my country, hunting also had a special meaning. For example, "The Book of Rites King's System" said that "the son of heaven and the princes will be old when nothing happens." It is said that this is the system of the Xia Dynasty.In the Zhou Dynasty, the so-called spring hunting, summer seedling hunting, autumn hunting, and winter hunting all had to hunt once in four seasons.The reason is that some sacrificial rituals stipulate that wild animals must be sacrificed, so it is a sacred activity.Another way of saying it is that hunting is a means of training arms.And it has always been an attack on the emperor's indulgence in hunting.Tang Taizong's poem emphasizes the latter, and adds a content of eliminating harm for the people, because in ancient times, there were few people and a vast land, and ferocious beasts did endanger human safety.From the following poetic analysis, we can see the poet's intention. The four sentences of "King of Chu" write that his hunting is different from that of King Chu Huai and King Ling of Chu in Yunmengze, and that of Emperor Wu and Emperor Han Cheng in Changyang Palace. Yuanyuan Mountain and Songshan Mountain came to inspect the military equipment.Luoyang was the eastern capital of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Taizong traveled from Luoyang to Zhusong. The two sentences of "three drives" inherit the previous "parade of martial arts", depicting the elite and brave soldiers participating in the hunting.In ancient hunting, a large paddock was first set up, surrounded by a large number of soldiers from three sides, and the animals were driven to the center of the paddock.Leaving one side to allow the wild animals to patrol, which is the so-called "open side of the net". The two sentences of "Han Ye" inherit the previous "farming leisure" and describe the scenery of the surrounding scene in winter.In the early morning, the cold wilderness is covered with frost and is silvery white, but the wild fire that was ignited by hunting soon turned red all over the place. The two sentences of "琱戈" describe that the Yiwei and Habayashi Army accompanying the emperor are well-equipped and majestic. The two sentences of "terrorist beast" describe the hunting scene.Frightened beasts scurry for cover, and birds fly in disorder in the blue sky.It describes the situation that the paddock is so big that the animals have nowhere to hide. The second sentence of "long smoke" is the end of hunting.The smoke from the extinguished wildfires obscured the radiance of the sun in the west, and the bushes in the wilderness were swayed and heaved by the harsh winter wind. The word "Zhen" is originally written as "Yan", which means that trees that are blown down by the wind can also pass through. The last two sentences clarify that I go hunting to eliminate harm for the people, not like to gallop in the wilderness and jungle. "Removing the people's evil" is not only about exterminating harmful beasts, but more importantly, it means inspecting the military equipment in order to calm down the Quartet and make the people live and work in peace and contentment. The poem begins with the ancient emperors indulging in hunting, and then describes the location of the hunting, the skill of the soldiers participating in the hunting, and the hunting time in the surrounding environment of the paddock. The guards participating in the hunting at the core of the paddock are well-equipped.Then write the scene of birds and beasts frightened, and use the scene of the siege in the evening to imply the end of the hunt.Finally, he stated his intention to go hunting.The whole poem is grand in spirit and rigorous in structure, expressing profound connotations with refined lines.These are the content of the Han Dynasty's satirical and admonishing officials such as "Zixu", "Shanglin", "Yu Lie" and other great poems to persuade the emperor, but they came from the emperor's own pen.It can be seen that Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was able to establish great achievements, his thinking, his writing and military equipment, indeed surpassed the previous emperors.
Looking at the sea with your lapel on your lapel, playing Chunfang with Shi.
① Ping Shi: Support Che Shi.Shi is the crossbar of the front handrail of the carriage. The ancients stood up to ride, and supporting Shi means listening or watching. ② Diji: Dimension.One is the axis of the earth.It is the legendary rope or pillar that holds the earth together.Tianhuang: The name of a star. ③ Sanling: Legend has it that there are three sacred mountains in the East China Sea, Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou, where immortals live.See "Historical Records Fengchan Book".Breeze: A mild spring breeze.Bahuang: A place far away from the eight directions. ④ "Huaibei" sentence: "Confucius's Family Language" quotes "Jin Renming": "Although the river and sea are left, they are full of rivers, and they are humble." Chiman: It is said that the sea will never run dry.Spirit leader: Jin Guopu's "Jiangfu": "Counseling the five talents and using them together is the spirit of water virtue." De also." ⑤ "Hong Tao" two sentences: refers to the changes in the vicissitudes of life.Jin Gehong's "Biography of Immortals": "Since I took over as a servant, I have seen the East China Sea as a field." ⑥ Zhifu (fu volts): In the north of Yantai City, Shandong Province today, surrounded by the sea on three sides, with a path of Nantong, it was Zeng Dengzhifu in the third year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (94 BC).Jieshi: It is said that in the northwest of Changli County, Hebei Province today, Qin Shihuang visited the sea in the 32nd year (before 283), and left carved stones. 7 Nishang: Refers to seeking immortality and longevity.Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs Dongjun": "Qingyun clothes and white clothes." Duangong: It means that the emperor restrains his hands and rules by doing nothing.Yang Guang, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, "Winter Solstice Chaoyang Palace Receives the Court": "Duan Gong courts all nations, and keeps the text to follow the hundred kings." Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of the Wei Dynasty, conquered Wuhuan and arrived at Jieshi in the autumn of the twelfth year of Jian'an (207).Tang Taizong also conquered Liaodong many times, facing the East China Sea. His poem "Looking at the Sea in Spring" is not only comparable to Cao Cao's poem in spirit, but also seems to be a step further in expressing the depth and breadth of the poet's will and the delicate level of artistic description. The first two sentences describe the joyful mood when looking at the sea in spring. Song Yu's "Feng Fu" has a sentence that "there is a wind blowing, but Wang Nai puts on his lapel and said: "Come on, this wind".To play is to enjoy, and spring fragrance is spring flowers.It means that when the spring is warm and the flowers are blooming, you will drive to the beach, and the sea breeze will flutter your clothes, which will make you feel refreshed. The two sentences of "accumulation and flow" describe the vastness of the sea, covering the sky and covering the earth.In Jin Muhua's "Ode to the Sea", there is a sentence about the surge of the waves, "It looks like a sky wheel, which is violent and violent; it is also like an earth's axis, which is upright and strives to return".Here we only talk about sea water, accumulated streams are accumulated water, and sparse schools are called source streams. "Northern History Wei Clan Biography": "The branches are like trees, and the sky is sparse." The two sentences of "Xianqi", one empty and one real, mean that the three gods in the sea are said to be the dwelling place of the gods, which adds to the mystery of the sea; and the warm spring breeze blows all over the eight wastelands (the whole world). The two sentences of "flying the tide" also use the words "the air is like the sky, and the clouds are clothed" in "Hai Fu" to describe the changes of the sea.It means that when the tide rises, the wind and cloud will change color; The two sentences "shine the shore" describe the calm sea water on the shore, reflecting the flowers on the shore; the ranks of geese flying in the sky are sometimes blocked by clouds.This and the turbulent dynamics of the previous two sentences constitute another peaceful state. The second sentence of "Huaibei" ends with the description of the real scene and turns to express the poet's feelings. "Hai Fu" says: "The awnings accumulate and flow, containing the shape and the inner void; the openness is Kande, and the humble is self-proclaimed; the grand and the accept, the ancestor is the capital; the goods are born, what is there and what is not." The poetic meaning refers to the low terrain of the sea. , so it can absorb the water of rivers and rivers and never run dry. In the two sentences of "tangible", "Han Shu Dongfang Shuo Zhuan" has the saying of "seeing the sky with a tube, and measuring the sea with a gourd (gourd)", which is a metaphor for shallow people who cannot understand the profound.This means that although sea water has form but no source, its depth and breadth cannot be measured. The two sentences of "Hong Tao", the sea becomes the mulberry field, and the sang field becomes the sea, have always been used as a metaphor for changes in the world.It is used here to trigger the following historical events of Emperor Qin and Han Wu. In the two sentences of "Zhifu", Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty both visited Zhifu and Jieshi, and they are interspersed here to write about historical deeds reminded of watching the sea. Conclude the two sentences to point out the main purpose of the poem, because Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were both confused by the alchemists' theory and fell into the illusion of seeking immortality and longevity. They traveled east to the sea, and seeking immortality was also one of the main factors.But the poet has no desire to seek immortality, and the purpose of coming to the seaside is to calm the world and unify the whole country. This ancient poem with five characters and ten rhymes uses a lot of allusions. To a certain extent, it has not got rid of the influence of poetry since the Six Dynasties, but it is completely different from the Qimi of the Six Dynasties in terms of content and spirit.Generally speaking, it is most valuable to write poems directly, but it cannot exclude profound cultural accumulation.Later generations praised Du Fu's poem "no word has no origin", which actually can be seen in Tang Taizong's poem.Therefore, the emperor's advocacy undoubtedly influenced the poetic style of a generation.
醽醁 wins Lansheng, and Cuitao passes Yuyu.
①The original title note of this poem: Wei Zheng is good at controlling wine, famously called "Jilu" and "Cuitao", which is unprecedented in the world. ② Notes at the end of the original poem of this poem: Lansheng, the Baiweizhi wine of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty; Yuqian (xie Xie), the name of the wine of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. Wei Zheng (580-643) was a famous official in the early Tang Dynasty.His background is more complicated.He was a Taoist priest in his early years. During the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, he followed Li Mi, one of the leaders of the rebel army, and advised him, and then followed Li Mi to the Tang Dynasty.At that time Tang Gaozu Li Yuan was the emperor, Li Shimin brother Jian Jian became the prince, and Wei Zheng washed the horse for the prince.During the change of Xuanwu Gate, Qin Wang Li Shimin killed the prince and built it. Wei Zhengcai joined Li Shimin, and served successively as the chief bookkeeper of Zhan affairs, counseling doctor, secretary supervisor and other officials.Wei Zheng's use of affairs also reflected Taizong's policy of employing people on their merits and not avoiding kinship and estrangement. As a famous minister, Wei Zhengzhi's thoughts are indeed outstanding. For example, he believes that human society is constantly developing and progressing.Tang Liusu's "Da Tang Xin Yu" records that Wei Zheng often recounted the experience of ancient and modern emperors in governing chaos in front of Emperor Taizong, thinking that he could achieve peace in the world.Minister Feng Deyi retorted: "After the three dynasties (Xia, Shang and Zhou), people gradually poured out falsehoods (false and false), so the Qin ruled the law, and the Han miscellaneous overbearing. Scholar, if you believe in his false theory, you will bring chaos to the country.” Wei Zheng asked back: “Five emperors and three kings are not easy to be rationalized by others (meaning that the same people, under the rule of wise emperors, the society will be peaceful). Doing the way of the emperor will lead to the emperor. The way of the king is the king, and it is only what he has transformed. Examining the records (historical books), we can know it. Jie is chaotic, Tang puts him out, Zhou has no way, and King Wu cuts him down, and all of them lead to peace. If you don’t return to simplicity, you should be a ghost now, so you’d rather get it and teach it?” These arguments really had a deafening effect at the time, and Feng Deyi was speechless to refute them. In a feudal society, the emperor was dictatorial, and he would never disobey his words, which was not conducive to ruling.Therefore, admonishing officials have been set up since the Qin Dynasty. The so-called admonishment means bluntly admonishing the emperor as a political adjustment.Wei Zheng became famous mainly because he dared to admonish Taizong Yan Ji.But even an ordinary person may not be willing to listen to harsh words, let alone the emperor. "Jia Hua of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" also records the following story, saying that after Taizong retired from the court one day, he said to himself that he would kill the farmer.Empress Wende asked: "Who disobeyed Your Majesty?" Taizong said: "Everything Wei Zheng insults me makes me often uncomfortable." The queen retreated, and the court clothes stood in the court.Taizong asked in amazement: "Why is it so?" The queen said: "I heard that the lord and ministers are loyal, and now your Majesty is a sage, so Wei Zhengde can speak frankly. I have a harem, and I dare not congratulate you." Taizong calmed down.It can be seen that the reason why Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty became the Lord of England and created the rule of Zhenguan, which is rare in my country's feudal society, was caused by various conditions.If Taizong was surrounded by flattering ministers who held the position of Paul, even if he was a saint who "comes out only once in a few hundred years", it would never have a good result. This poem expresses the close relationship between Taizong and Wei Zheng, but it is unknown whether it has a moral or not.The poem says that the wine brewed by Wei Zheng's family is more mellow than the Lansheng of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the fine wine of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.After being drunk, you can't wake up for a thousand days, and the taste of the wine won't go bad for ten years if you hide it.Jin Zhanghua's "Natural History" said that Di Xi, a Zhongshan native, could make wine for a thousand days and get drunk for a thousand days after drinking it.Yang Xuanzhi of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in "Luoyang Jialan Ji": The wine brewed by Liu Baiqiu, a native of Hedong, can last for more than ten days if it is exposed to the sun in the summer of June.In ancient times, being enlightened by other people's kind words was like a metaphor for drinking daigo. Daigo is fine wine. Therefore, "醽醁" and "Cuitao" in the poem are probably the metaphors of Wei Zheng's remonstrance. Because Taizong was good at accepting different opinions, and knew that honest words are good for deeds, after Wei Zheng's death, he said to his officials: "Using copper as a mirror, you can adjust your clothes; using the ancient mirror, you can know the ups and downs (abandonment); With people as mirrors, you can understand gains and losses. I always keep these three mirrors to prevent my own mistakes. Now Wei Zheng is dying, it is like a mirror lost.” These few words have been regarded as mottos throughout the ages, but few people can actually practice them. It is the key to Tang Taizong's indomitable achievements.
Chenglan marsh is refreshing, and the autumn wind moves Guilin.
There are ninety-nine poems by Li Shimin in existence (six of them are Dong Sigong's poems, and one is Song Zhiwen's poems. "Complete Tang Poems·Xiaozhuan" indicates sixty-nine poems, which are actually wrong), all of which are rhythmic, and actually lay the foundation for the development of Tang poetry. It has a broad and solid foundation.However, all the people in the world praise his achievements, but his poems are indifferent.Historically, literary historians have not made proper evaluations, and most of the anthologies of Tang poetry have not selected their poems.There is even arbitrarily belittling, and it is a short-term theory: Hu Zhenheng said: "Chenzao is generally rich and beautiful, and there are poems in the "Jiaoyu Xin style" in the collection, and the purpose of the purpose can be glimpsed." , that is, the category of court style poetry.The characteristics of palace style poems are "clear and ingenious speech, ending between the seats; carving and carving algae, thinking in the boudoir" ("Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi").Try Shimin's "Emperor Capital Chapter" "Writing the bright moon with a bow, and the steed horse doubts the current", "Human nature is evil and high-risk, be modest and avoid lewdness", "Three Sides of Tranquility and Tranquility" "Inaction for the universe is clear, there is beauty and Xuanji is upright", "Zhengri Linchao" "The track is the same as the eight watches, and the books and texts are mixed with the four directions", "Lucky Wugong Qingshan Palace" "Referring to the Eight Desolation, Huairou Wan Guoyi" and other verses, roughly talented, energetic and astrological, "the How can it be accommodated between banquets" and "within the boudoir"?This kind of misunderstanding should really be eliminated. After understanding the important role of folk poetry in the development of poetry, I can calmly enter the artistic conception of this poem. The first couplet "Sweet Qi Chenglan Marsh, Autumn Wind Moves Guilin" is opened with a spring pattern (Shi Huihongyun: "The rhyme is already quoted after breaking the title, so it is called a spring pattern, and the words are like plum blossoms that steal the spring scenery and bloom first") Qiukong made a point, and used Gao Qiu's "shuangqi" to cage the "Lanmao" that once exhaled a delicate fragrance in the spring season, and used the word "Cheng" to indicate that "Lanmao" has entered the season of "the water is exhausted and the cold pool is clear". , implying the passage of seasons; then Ming used "autumn wind" to point the topic. scenery.Here is the way of contrasting the light and the dark with the real and the real. The amorous feelings of many good days in spring and autumn. The mandibular couplet is "a thousand pieces of jade are condensed in dew, and a clump of gold is scattered by chrysanthemums". Inheriting the passage of seasons in the first couplet, the unique scene of autumn is created to beautify the environment of autumn.Jade dew and golden chrysanthemums were originally common sights, used by literati to express their feelings of withering and haggard, but the people of the world use the art of escapement and unwinding to turn decay into magic.The magic here lies in the mediation function of the two poetic eyes of "condensation" and "scattering". "Lu" is a big scene without a specific form. After the word "condensation" is contracted, it becomes "thousand pieces of jade".This is much more delicate and vivid than "White Dew is Frost" ("Poem·Qinfeng·Jianjia"). "Chrysanthemum" is a small scene with shape, color and fragrance.After the expansion of the word "san", it becomes "a cluster of gold".This way of retracting and releasing has the momentum of "releasing it will fill the heaven and earth, and rolling it will hide it in secret".This couplet describes the magnificent and brilliant autumn scene, sweeping away the "sad autumn" atmosphere of the predecessors. The neck couplet is "high and low shadows in the sun, clouds and sky dotted with shade", using a close-up lens to capture a moment of wonders and beautifying the autumn sky, which is connected with the above couplet to form a picture of autumn fun. The sentence "Rixiu" refers to the phenomenon that the high and low peaks near and far are moved by the sun's slanting shadow; the sentence "Cloud and Sky" refers to the movement of the sun's shadow moving through the sparse clouds, or flying little by little, or connecting into fragments, embellishing and rendering the dynamics.This combination of dynamic scenes has a huge capacity: not only the shadows of the sun and clouds are moving, but also reflect each other, giving birth to the vitality of autumn.There are many imitators of poets in later generations. Wang Wei's "White Clouds Move Green Shadows" ("Lin Yuan Ji Shi") and "Red Sun Tuan Pinglu" ("Winter Tour") are born from this poetic environment.Generally speaking, in poetry, it is easy to write still scenes, but difficult to write moving scenes, and this kind of moving scenes are all familiar to people and cannot be described. The last couplet "Pengying is not to be expected, and springs and stones are entertaining", sums up the whole poem, expresses the intention clearly, and shows the noble personality and poetic style. "Hope" is common to the whole poem: the first six sentences are the scene of hope, and the last two sentences express the feeling of hopelessness. "Pengying" is extended to the fairyland; "unexpected" is immediately retracted to reality, leaving room for the next sentence: "spring stone" is the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers written above; Instead of rushing into the imaginary world of immortals.This couplet is thick and subtle, but it actually criticizes the vanity of ancient emperors and declares its own spirit of seeking truth. This five-character poem is completely in line with the law, and the four couplets are all against Jinggong. It is unprecedented, and it was inspired to learn later. Sparse plum cores, and lead the world's most fragrant." If we use this to discuss poetry, Li Shimin's poems can be regarded as the most fragrant in the poetry garden of the Tang Dynasty. "The Complete Poetry of the Tang Dynasty Taizong Biography" says "...as for the astronomical hair, Shen Li Gaolang, with the elegance and elegance of the Tang Dynasty for three hundred years, the emperor really has something to inspire", which is not a false reputation.
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