Chapter 65 Qijue·Jia Yi

, Crying and mourning Qu Wen. . This poem was first published in the September 1996 edition of Central Literature Publishing House. I don’t know if it’s because I have a special feeling for Xiangjiang Yanshui, who was born here and grew up here. For Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, two politicians and writers who were exiled and relegated here, and whose literary life is closely connected with Xiangshui River, Mao Zedong admired it very much and never forgot it.Among his only four poems praising historical figures, three are related to Qu Yuan and Jia Yi. In the autumn of 1915, Mao Zedong, a young man who was "spirited in book business and scolded Fang Qiu", came to Changsha. When he met Luo Zhanglong for the first time, he talked about his evaluation of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi.Luo Zhanglong once wrote a poem "Meeting with Twenty-Eight Painters at Dingwangtai" to describe this meeting, in which the line "Cai Xi Changsha Fu, Sao Huai Chu Qu Ping" expressed their common love for Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" and Jia Yice's essays love, and this kind of love accompanied Mao Zedong's life.

Jia Yi is indeed a young and suave talent in the temple. According to the "Hanshu", he was famous in the county for his ability to recite poems and books and write articles at the age of eighteen.Called by Emperor Wen to be a postdoctoral fellow, every time the emperor issued an edict to discuss questions, he answered them fluently and had outstanding talents.Within a year, he was promoted to Taizhong doctor.He put forward various political reform suggestions to Emperor Wen one after another, but was slandered by ministers Zhou Bo, Guan Ying and others, saying that he was "a beginner in learning, dedicated to power, and chaotic things" ("Hanshu"), so Emperor Wen gradually alienated him. He was dismissed and demoted to Changsha Wang Taifu.Jia Yi came to Changsha with infinite pain and resentment. On the edge of the mighty Xiangshui River, he thought of Qu Yuan, who was also a "lost man at the end of the world". The slanderous literati, like him, were once exiled here with incomparable sorrow, but after writing the eternal masterpieces "Li Sao" and "Fisher Father", they moved toward Fell into the rolling river and sank into it forever.When Jia Yi saw the Xiangshui River, he thought of Qu Yuan, "chasing the injury, because he told himself", so he wrote "Diao Qu Yuan Fu".The Fu denounces the injustice and darkness of "the phoenix flees, the owl soars", "the flattery succeeds, and the sages follow against each other", and deeply mourns Qu Yuan's depression and death.Jia Yi did not sink in the river like Qu Yuan, but worked as a tutor in Changsha for three years, and finally waited for the news of returning to the emperor's side, and was appointed as the teacher of Emperor Wen's favorite young son, King Huai of Liang.Unfortunately, the heavens were not beautiful, and King Huai of Liang fell off his horse and died. Jia Yi blamed himself and felt that he was "unworthy of his father". He was only thirty-three years old.

Mao Zedong praised Jia Yi's talent, but also regretted Jia Yi's self-blame.The fall of King Huai of Liang's horse was an ordinary thing, it was an accident, and no one could be blamed. Why did Jia Yi blame himself, hurt himself, and finally ruined his life?This is a meaningless "sacrifice", and it can even be described as foolish and pedantic.It is precisely because Chairman Mao deeply appreciates and loves Jia Yi that he regrets him deeply.Mao Zedong mentioned Jia Yi many times.For example, on May 8, 1958, at the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong gave a speech on "breaking superstition", and talked about 29 young and promising examples in one breath, including Jia Yi.Mao Zedong said: "In the Han Dynasty, there was Jia Yi, who was sought by Emperor Wenwen when he was a teenager. He was promoted three times a day. Later, he was demoted to the Yangtze River and wrote two Fu, "Diao Qu Yuan Fu" and "Song Niao Fu". Later, he returned to the imperial court and wrote a book called "Security Policy". He is an expert on the history of Qin and Han Dynasties. He wrote ten works, and what remained were two literary works (two fu) and two political works— ——"Security Policy" and "On Passing Qin". He was only 33 years old when he died in Changsha." After reading Wang Bo's "Preface to Cui Shijun's Preface to Haosihu House in Chuzhou in Autumn", he sighed with emotion: "Jia Yi They were in their thirties when they died, Wang Bi was twenty-four. Li He was twenty-seven, and Xia Wanchun was seventeen. They were all handsome geniuses, but it’s a pity that they died too early." ("Mao Zedong Reading Ancient Books of Literature, History and Philosophy" "Criticism Collection") Mao Zedong attached great importance to Jia Yi's "Policies for Public Security". In a letter to his secretary Tian Jiaying, he said that it was "the best political commentary since the Western Han Dynasty...worth reading", and recommended it to Chen Boda and Hu Qiaomu. In 1958, the Great Leap Forward was booming across the country. Therefore, the purpose of Mao Zedong’s speech was to learn from the past and encourage the staff around him to be brave, to learn from the young and promising Jia Yi in history, and to further promote the Great Leap Forward. wave.

For thousands of years, there have been many poems chanting Jia Yi by literati, the most famous of which is Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng": "The Xuanshi seeks talents to visit and chase ministers, and Jia Sheng's talents are even more incomprehensible. Poor night, don't ask People ask ghosts and gods." In 1965, when Mao Zedong discussed Chinese classical literature with Liu Dajie, a professor of Chinese at Fudan University who is also from Hunan, in Shanghai, he talked about Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng". At the four lines of the poem, Mao Zedong sighed: "Well written! Well written!" (See Sun Qin'an's "Mao Zedong and Liu Dajie Talking about Classical Literature", "Literary News" December 28, 1992) It is also a reflection of Li Shangyin's poem This kind of sincere love made Mao Zedong directly use Li's poem in the first sentence of this poem, only changing the word "geng" to "shi".If Li Shangyin's poem is to use the past to satirize the present, satirizes the emperor's superstition and stupidity, and cannot properly appoint talents to express his lack of talent, Mao Zedong's poem is devoted to Jia Yi.The whole article is mainly discussion, mixed with the author's complex and implicit emotions of praise and pity, praise and satire, both appreciation and regret. The author's opposite and complementary emotions are the lament for the contrast between Jia Yi's talent and fate. .Jia Yi's "Security Policy" made an in-depth analysis of history and reality, and proposed important measures such as weakening the power of princes and kings, consolidating centralization, emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business, and fighting the Xiongnu. One can be for those who cry bitterly, two for runny noses, and six for long sighs..." It not only reveals Jia Yi's feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and feeling sad about the times, but also shows his weakness and fragility. This not only made Jia Yi, but also hurt Jia Yi, which is the tragedy of his character and one of the reasons for the tragedy of his fate.

The time of creation of this poem is not marked, but the Central Literature Publishing House ranked it after "Seven Laws: Yousi" written in June 1966, and it may have been written in the early days of the "Cultural Revolution".