Chapter 58 Qilu · Comrade Luo Ronghuan

I remember when flying on the grass back then, every time the Red Army went against each other. . , Kunji laughs like an eagle. ? This poem was first published in "People's Daily" on September 9, 1978. On December 16, 1963, "a great revolutionary fighter of the Chinese people, an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China" and "one of the outstanding leaders of the People's Liberation Army" ("Commr. Eulogy at the ceremony"), Luo Ronghuan, member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, director of the General Political Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Marshal of the People's Republic of China, finally died of illness due to long-term illness and overwork. Unfortunately, he died in his sixtieth year.When the bad news came, the whole country mourned. "The news spread to the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. Chairman Mao was very sad. He interrupted the meeting and stood up in silence. He said: "It is not easy for a person to be loyal to the cause of the party for decades!" High praise for Luo Ronghuan's life." (Xiao Hua's "Difficult Years My Mentor Comrade Luo Ronghuan") As soon as the meeting ended, Mao Zedong, He Long and Nie Rongzhen rushed to the hospital to bid farewell to Luo Ronghuan's body.According to the report written by Mao Zedong’s former head nurse Wu Xujun to Wang Dongxing: “During the next few days, the chairman spoke very little, as if he was thinking. One day, the chairman still couldn’t fall asleep after taking a large amount of sleeping pills. Writing in bed." "It's midnight", "he's still writing" until "after dawn" and "finished", but he still didn't feel sleepy, "closed his eyes and kept chanting verses by himself". "Ask the chairman: 'Who can make Your Excellency admire so much?' The chairman took the poem manuscript from me and wrote a title in the upper half of the manuscript—'Diao Luo Ronghuan Comrade'." (Wu Xujun "On Mao Zedong's Writings" "The Passage of the Poem "Comrade Hang Luo Ronghuan"") couldn't be more clear, this is the specific atmosphere created by this mourning poem, this is when Mao Zedong was "in a bad mood and unwilling to write", when he "felt uncontrollable "("Selected Works of Liu Dakui") experienced a period of stirring emotions.This mourning poem, which has been chanted several times after writing, is a recollection of a revolutionary leader and a talented great poet who cried and complained to the souls of his comrades-in-arms. Praise and regret, full of true feelings from beginning to end.

Let’s look at the first couplet of the poem. At the beginning, the word “remember” seems to be common and irreplaceable, opening the floodgate of reminiscence from the “Red Army” period 30 or 40 years ago. "Back then" Luo Ronghuan joined the party in 1927 at a critical moment in the Chinese revolution. In August of the same year, he took part in leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in southern Hubei and in September in the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Mao Zedong. Military political commissar, director of the Red Army's rear political department and other leadership positions have made historic contributions to the establishment and development of the Red Army.During the second Civil Revolutionary War of the ten-year civil war, during the guerrilla warfare, the agrarian revolution, and the establishment of revolutionary base areas, during the crushing of the enemy's counter-revolutionary "encirclement and suppression" and the completion of the great 25,000-mile Long March, Luo Ronghuan Comrades fought from north to south and made outstanding achievements repeatedly. Therefore, the poet skillfully borrowed "flying on the grass" to make a vivid artistic summary, which is really a stroke of genius. As a perceptible image, "flying on the grass" provides readers with room for supplementary imagination and re-creation, not to mention that it has some origins.It may be said that it originally refers to the boat crossing the river, or it was called "rogue bandit" or "grass bandit" in the old days, or it is based on Huang Chao's "Portrait of Self-title", "I remember flying on the grass back then, wearing iron clothes and monk's clothes" and so on.There are different theories, but the main purpose is the same, and there is a word "kuai" hidden in all of them, and this is the characteristic of the heroic image of the Red Army who dealt with the enemy in guerrilla warfare.Haunting the mountains and forests, erratic, flexible, active, secretive and fast, this is often seen in Mao Zedong's poems at the time: "The red flag jumped over the Tingjiang River and went straight down to Longyan and Shanghang" ("Qingpingle·Jianggui War"), " Where are you going today, pointing directly at the foot of Mount Wuyi" ("Like a Dream Order · New Year's Day"), "The order was issued yesterday, and a hundred thousand workers and peasants will go to Ji'an" ("Mulan Flower · Guangchang Road"), and "The parachutist enters the sky with his own weight" , "Seven Hundred Miles Drive Fifteen Days" ("The Fisherman's Proud · Anti-Second Great Encirclement and Suppression").Among them, "jump over", "straight down", "directly point", "flying general", etc., are not the best explanations for "flying on grass"! "Flying on the Grass" not only refers to super speed, but also means vigor and victory. Therefore, it is not only a proud memory of the Red Army's combat life, but also an affectionate praise of Luo Ronghuan's outstanding military exploits.However, thinking about it today, there are indeed many regrettable things, so the poet, at the moment when "we don't see each other again" and his comrades-in-arms Cheng Yongjue, then recited the soul-stirring first couplet. ".

The "every violation" in this sentence is usually considered to refer to disputes with different opinions. In the "Red Army" at that time, this was not untrue, but who "contradicted" with whom, and what was the nature? Contradictory", why only mention "contradictory" in mourning comrades-in-arms, and so on.It's not easy to get to the bottom of it.In fact, the preceding and following sentences of this first couplet can be regarded as a causal sentence, "flying on the grass" is the cause, and "every violation" is the result.In fact, the latter said "one heart is against me" (Wang Wei's "Send Qi Wuqian to Return Home"), one heart is still a confidant, and "violation" means separation and parting. "Every phase is different" means that although the hearts are connected, they often cannot meet each other.We were in the same "Red Army" and could have seen each other often, but we didn't spend much time together. Now that we are no longer there, I feel even more deeply regretful when I think about it.The more it is lost, the more precious it is when it exists, and the time is no longer there, only regret it.It is in the seemingly inadvertent narration that the endless grief that cannot be erased or let go is entrusted. This kind of solemn and profound emotional gathering of deep sincerity, regret, and mourning is beyond comparison.

Scenes of past events and strands of mourning lead to the couplet in the poem "The Long March is not a day of embarrassment, but the battle brocade is a big problem." It was pulled from the "Long March" of the Agrarian Revolutionary War to the "Battle Brocade" of the War of Liberation. The difficult years of the Revolutionary War further aroused the poet's remembrance and yearning for the achievements of his comrades in arms.As we all know, Luo Ronghuan, who successively served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the Red Army, the director of the Political Department of the Red Army's rear, and the first political commissar of the Northeast Field Army and the first political commissar of the Fourth Field Army, played an important role many times at critical moments of the war.And this important role is shown by the poet through the narration and discussion of "the past", just like the poet is talking face to face with the dead friend, reviewing the past together, commenting on the road traveled together, and like talking to the dead. Friends open their hearts to tell.The upper and lower sentences of this couplet use negative judgments and affirmative judgments to form a strong contrast. In contrast, although the Long March is "thousands of twists and turns, the success is many times less than the difficulties", it is not the most unbearable In those days, "After passing Minshan Mountain, I suddenly became enlightened, and transformed into the opposite side, and another village was brightened" (Mao Zedong's "commentary" on his poems).In contrast, "Battle Brocade" is different, and this is the real "big problem".But poetry "can't be said as straight as prose" ("To Chen Yi"), so it is not advisable to interpret poems like the Suo Yin school to check the marks, and it is not necessary to go deep into the meaning of the words like the Confucian scholars, and it is not necessary to admit dead truth and exaggerate Dead line, saying that "Zhan Jin" is a big deal means that the "Long March" is a small thing. The two are not incompatible. It is necessary and impossible to engage in quantitative and qualitative "scientific analysis". "Zhanjin" refers to the battle of attacking Jinzhou, which was the first battle of the Liaoshen Campaign, which was the first battle of the three major battles in the War of Liberation.The War of Liberation was a struggle between two destinies and two futures in China, and it was the beginning of a decisive battle for the success of the Chinese people's liberation cause. "On the Operational Policy of the Liaoshen Campaign"), our Northeast Field Army received the telegram "On the Operational Policy of the Liaoshen Campaign" from the Central Military Commission on September 7, 1948, and completed the comprehensive encirclement of Jinzhou at the end of September. Launched a general attack on Jinzhou on the 14th, and wiped out the enemy in only 31 hours, captured the enemy chieftain Fan Hanjie, Lu Junquan and 90,000 people below, and won a major victory in the "Battle Jin" in one fell swoop, laying the foundation for the smooth development of the subsequent war situation , It really shuts down the whole situation in one battle.That being the case, there is no doubt that the poet called it a "big problem", and the great achievements of Luo Ronghuan, the political commissar of the Northeast Field Army, in this "battle brocade" are self-evident.It is in the comparison and inheritance of "Long March" and "Battle Brocade", the poet praised the contributions of his comrades-in-arms with his unique artistic generalization and dialectics of poetry, and expressed his deep memory for his comrades-in-arms.

After the weeping memories of the decades-long past in the first two couplets, the poet returned to reality. In China and the world in the 1960s, the international communist movement in the 1960s, especially the latter, had long worried Mao Zedong, a statesman and revolutionist.At that time, "the international situation around China tended to be tense, and China faced open and potential threats of aggression, war provocation, and military pressure from many sides. In this turbulent and tense situation, how did China insist on independence and oppose hegemony from all sides?" Doctrine, in order to safeguard China's national dignity and interests, safeguard the interests of China's socialist cause, and safeguard the interests of world peace, national liberation and socialist cause, is the center of the party's consideration in international relations. (Hu Sheng edited "The Communist Party of China" "Seventy Years") Mao Zedong's "Seven Laws He Comrade Guo Moruo" and "Bu Suanzi Yongmei" and other "anti-revisionist poems" were written under this situation. And when "Diao Luo Ronghuan", the poet naturally did not This "form" will be forgotten, and it can be said that the second half of the poem originated from this.

The neck couplet "rebukes the bully to bully the big bird every time it hears it, and the chicken laughs at the eagle's nonsense" all use allusions, and uses ingenious metaphors to vividly activate the political situation at that time into beautiful poems with vivid artistic conception, expressing love Hate praise and criticism in it, it is endless aftertaste.Rebuke the bird, the little sparrow among the peng.Big Bird, Haotian Kunpeng.And the former "bullies" the latter, and it is heard from time to time, isn't it a strange thing.The allusion comes from the story of the chicken "laughing" and the eagle flying low in "The Eagle and the Chicken", which makes people feel ridiculous, annoying, and annoying.The upper and lower sentences in this couplet enhance the expression effect by overlapping the same meaning. In the "disharmonious" and "unreasonable" relationship between the two opposite images, the big one is bigger and the small one is smaller. , the taller is higher, and the lower is lower. In the midst of joking and contempt, it also reveals a worry of the poet.

This worry came from the severe situation faced by the Chinese Communists at that time and the sense of responsibility and mission to uphold and defend the principles of Marxism.Precisely at this time, "Unfortunately, the king passed away today."This sentence in the tail couplet is unpretentious and seems to be blurted out, but it is full of the poet's unspeakable grief and heartbreaking regret for the "death" of his comrade-in-arms.The word "jun" contains infinite connotations. It is a call to comrades-in-arms and a soliloquy in regret. It not only thinks of the past, but also thinks of the present and the future.Therefore, the concluding sentence "Who can you ask when there are problems in the country" rushed out under the momentum of long-term storage, thus establishing Luo Ronghuan's image as a pillar of the country, and at the same time highlighting the poet's feelings of regret for the country.Such a plain sentence, but the words reach a thousand weights, touching the heart.A cross-examination, asking the sky and the earth, is even more thought-provoking and tear-jerking.The two sentences at the end combine remembrance and evaluation, individual and country, grief and regret, all with strong emotions, and become a natural summary of the whole poem. Long, it is unforgettable for a long time.

This mourning poem, "what you see is true and what you know is deep", and with the three-dimensional image beauty that appeals to various senses, the "refreshing romance" and the language that "blurts out without pretentious attire", has become quite famous. The fine works of Mao Zedong's poems in the style of "master's work", and will be recited by the world forever.