Chapter 55 Qilu·Dongyun

The snow presses down on the winter clouds and the white catkins fly, and the thousands of flowers fade away for a while. . , and no hero is afraid of Xiong Wei. , It is not surprising that flies are frozen to death. This poem was first published in the December 1963 edition of "Chairman Mao's Poems" by People's Literature Publishing House. The writing time of "Seven Laws·Dongyun" was December 26, 1962, which happened to be the author's 69th birthday.It seems to be a work of self-sufficiency.Therefore, the poem is filled with the fortitude and unyielding spirit of facing reality and persisting in struggle.This is the embodiment of the poet's personality.

The title "Winter Clouds" comes from "Snow Overwhelms Winter Clouds and White Catkins Fly", which means "the first sentence marks its head", and it is also the atmosphere of the times: dark clouds are densely covered, and "black clouds overwhelm the city to destroy it". The first couplet is "Snow presses winter clouds and white catkins fly, thousands of flowers fade for a while", winter clouds press snow, people and snow fly, and thousands of flowers wither.This is the scene of severe winter.But while the poet was writing about the winter scene, he also used it as a metaphor for the severe situation China was facing that year. From 1959 to 1961, three years of natural disasters and serious economic mistakes occurred in our country. The double suffering of natural disasters and man-made disasters caused great difficulties.In 1962, the Khrushchev clique of the Soviet Communist Party broke its promise again, tearing up contracts, withdrawing experts, and publishing anti-China articles one after another, inciting more than 40 Communist and Workers' Parties to issue statements attacking the Chinese Communist Party.The Chiang Kai-shek clique entrenched in Taiwan clamored to counterattack the mainland with the support of the United States, and continued to send armed spies to harass.On the Tibetan border, the Indian authorities openly dispatched troops to invade large areas of our country.A wave of anti-China vicious waves is raging, and there are many fewer organizations and people who adhere to Marxism. It can be said that "ten thousand flowers bloom for a while." "Sparse for a while", suddenly less, temporarily less.Of course, truly beautiful things will not go extinct.

The couplet "The sky is rolling with cold currents, and the earth is warming slightly", the rolling cold current brings heavy snow, which is closely connected with the first couplet, and "earth heating" has expanded new connotations.From the perspective of time, December 26, 1962 was the fourth day after the winter solstice festival. "Winter solstice and one yang are born", the yin and yang changed, and the cold air began to emit heat.From the perspective of space, heaven and earth are relative, interdependent, mutual circulation, cold and warm convection.The unity of opposites, the extremes of things must be reversed, this is the dialectical law of the change and development of everything.The couplets have profound philosophy and inner meaning.

The "cold current" is a metaphor for the anti-China countercurrent that the Khrushchev clique continues to set off, and it also includes all the provocative actions of the reactionaries.They are brutal and fierce, trying to overwhelm the Chinese people.However, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, "the earth is slightly heated", the Chinese people overcame natural disasters and began to correct a series of mistakes, adopting the economic construction policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement".By the second half of 1962, the economy began to bottom out.At the same time, they publicly responded to the attacks of the Soviet Communist Party and other communist parties, exposing their true colors; counterattacked in self-defense, crushing the aggression of the Indian army; and responded forcefully to other reactionaries.The down-to-earth Chinese Communists and the Chinese people were not blown down by the cold current, but bravely faced it, stood firm, and moved forward vigorously. The contrast between "Gun Gun" and "Wei Wei" is also very meaningful. "Gun Gun" looks like a fierce hostile force, and "Wei Wei" describes the continued high fighting spirit of my righteous teacher.

The neck couplet "only heroes drive tigers and leopards, and no heroes are afraid of bears", which is the sublimation of "the earth is slightly heated". "Earth heating" is the efforts of the Chinese people to fight against the cold current. Here it is embodied as heroes to drive away tigers, leopards and bears.Tigers, leopards, and bears are huge monsters, which refer to obstacles on the road of Chinese revolution, including imperialism and reactionaries, as well as all difficulties and obstacles. "Unique" means standing upright and resolute. This is something that has already happened, and it means that revolutionaries look back on historical experience. "More Wu" is forward-looking. No matter what happens or what difficulties we encounter, we will go forward and fight to the end.This is a fearless heroism and a noble heroic character, which not only belongs to the Chinese people, but also belongs to the poet himself.On the journey of the revolution, we have overcome all kinds of difficulties and dangers. Up to now, the revolution is still developing, and there is no end to the battle. Revolutionaries should, as always, face up to difficulties without fear.

The last couplet, "Plum blossoms are full of joy and snow, and it is not surprising that the flies freeze to death", praises the plum blossoms in full bloom in the face of heavy snow, and casts aside the flies that freeze to death in the severe cold.If the first couplet and the second couplet focus on the objectivity of the scene description, then the neck couplet and the last couplet are quite subjective and have a strong emotional color. "Heroes", "heroes" and "plum blossoms" are warm praises, while "tigers and leopards", "bears" and "flies" are cold contempt.The two form a contrast, clearly expressing the difference between good and bad, high and low, beauty and ugliness.Plum blossom is a symbol of noble character in traditional Chinese culture. It is pure and clean, and proud of frost and snow.The use of "plum blossoms are full of joy and snow" here means not being afraid of adversity, bravely facing challenges, and enjoying it.This is the feeling of revolutionaries, and it is also the principled position and firm belief that poets have always had. "Flies" are short-sighted renegades or runaways, people who cannot stand the test of strong winds and waves, and the poet casts a contemptuous glance.

The whole poem uses metaphors to express one's aspirations, and uses scenery to express emotions. Emotions, scenery, and philosophy are integrated.Appropriate metaphors, vivid images, and vivid contrasts contain profound and extensive content.It can be said that "it is said that the text is small but its meaning is great, and the meaning is far away when it is cited" (Liu Xiang commented on the language of "Li Sao").