Chapter 42 Butterfly in Love with Flowers Reply to Li Shuyi

I lost my pride and Yang Jun lost the willow, and the willow lightly went straight to the sky. , Wu Gang took out the sweet-scented osmanthus wine. , Thousands of miles in the sky and dances for loyal souls. , Tears flew suddenly as downpours. This poem was first published on January 1, 1958, "Hunan Teachers College", the journal of Hunan Teachers College. Li Shuyi, who was a Chinese teacher at the No. 10 Middle School in Changsha, Hunan Province at that time, turned out to be a good friend of Yang Kaihui, who had been acquainted with Mao Zedong since the 1920s. On January 17, 1950, she sent a letter to Mao Zedong, telling him about Yang Kaihui's sacrifice and her recent situation. On April 18, Mao Zedong wrote back, saying affectionately: "Zhi Xun sacrificed, Fugu was established, hard work is prepared, and I am extremely grateful." In January 1957, the first issue of "Poetry" published 18 poems by Mao Zedong.After reading it, Li Shu sent Mao Zedong the poem "Bodhisattva Man" written in 1933 in memory of her husband Liu Zhixun.Mao Zedong wrote back to her, saying, "There is a poem "You Xian" as a gift. This kind of "You Xian" does not include the author himself, which is different from the ancient poems about You Xian. But there are such poems as chanting Qixi Festival."At this time, a student of Hunan Normal University was doing an internship in Changsha No. 10 Middle School taught by Li Shuyi, so he wrote to the author, asking for this poem to be published in the journal.The author wrote back and said: "The word "Butterfly Love Flower" can be published in your publication. "You Xian" is changed to "Answer to Li Shuyi"."

In this poem, the first film describes two martyrs, Yang Kaihui and Liu Zhixun, who went to the Moon Palace as loyal souls, and were warmly received by the immortal Wu Gang.In the next film, the fairy Chang'e performed singing and dancing for the two martyrs' loyal souls to express their welcome.The two loyal souls of the martyrs shed tears of joy when they heard the news of the victory of the revolution.This poem expresses the author's infinite reverence for the two martyrs, and also expresses the revolutionary spirit of the two martyrs. The first film: "I lost my arrogance and Yang Jun lost the willow, and the willow will go straight to the sky." "Arrogance Yang" refers to the martyr Yang Kaihui. She is proud of her loyalty to the revolution and her sacrifice.The author wrote that the loyal souls of the two martyrs fluttered gently and went straight to the ninth heaven.Chongxiao Jiu, ancient mythology believes that the sky has nine layers, which refers to the highest point of the sky.The author imagines that only the holy moon palace is suitable to receive the loyal souls of the two martyrs, which is an expression of respect for the martyrs.

"Ask Wu Gang what he has, and Wu Gang held out the sweet-scented osmanthus wine." "Inquiry" has the meaning of greeting and interrogation, and it is a kind of polite interrogation. Note on the word "Ying". For example, in Du Fu's "Revisiting He's": "Ask Dongqiao bamboo, the general has a newspaper.") Wu Gang, Tang Duan Chengshi "Youyang Miscellaneous", said that he was from Xihe in the Han Dynasty, and he learned from immortals to cultivate immortals. He made a mistake and was punished to cut down osmanthus trees in the Moon Palace.The osmanthus tree was five hundred feet high, and as soon as the ax was lifted up, the cut osmanthus tree grew back immediately, so he kept chopping.Because of Wu Gang's relationship with the osmanthus tree, it is said that he entertained guests with osmanthus wine, and he also imagined that Wu Gang had been released from the labor of cutting down the osmanthus tree and became the person who received VIPs in the Moon Palace.Cao Zhi's "Immortal Chapter": "Jade bottles are full of osmanthus wine." Gui wine is also used as a drink for immortals.

The next film is "Lonely Chang'e stretches her wide sleeves, and dances for loyal souls in the sky." "Huainanzi·Lan Mingxun": "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Chang'e stole it to the Moon Palace." Chang'e, Hou Yi's wife.Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was named Heng, and the Han people changed Heng to Chang, because it was called Chang'e.Tang Li Shangyin's poem "Chang'e": "Chang'e should regret stealing the elixir, and the blue sea and blue sky will be heart-warming every night." It is said that Chang'e will feel lonely when she sees the monotonous scenery of the blue sea and blue sky every night in the Moon Palace, so she said: "Lonely Chang'e." The use of the word "loneliness" means that Chang'e welcomes the arrival of loyal souls.Guo Maoqian volume fifty-six "Dancing Songs" five "Neon Clothes Songs": "One is "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes Song"." They all trained in neon clothes and danced in the Guangting. Ask about the song, and it was called "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes." So Chang'e stretched her wide sleeves and danced to express her welcome.Instead of dancing in the moon palace, it is said to dance in the "thousands of miles of sky", which is related to the following "tears fly and turn into pouring rain".If you dance in the moon palace, your tears won't fall to the world like "pouring rain".

"Suddenly it was reported that there was a tiger in the world, and tears flew down and it rained." From "Dancing for the loyal soul", it points out the loyal soul, which means loyalty to the revolution.Because the martyrs are loyal to the revolution, they still care about the world and the revolution in heaven. This is followed by "suddenly reporting that the world has subdued tigers".The two martyrs were so happy that they shed tears, and the tears suddenly turned into torrential rain. In this poem, the author wrote a commemoration of the two martyrs.The author does not use personal memories to commemorate the martyrs, but uses the great victory of the people's revolution to comfort the spirits of the martyrs in heaven.The two martyrs dedicated their lives to the revolution. For them, the greatest and most precious thing is the revolutionary cause they sacrificed for.Consoling the martyrs with the news of the great victory of the revolution is the best commemoration for the martyrs.Besides, this poem is written in combination with the myth of beauty. The moon palace on the cloud terrace and the moon is holy. The myth of Wu Gang and Chang'e is beautiful, and Chang'e's dance is even more beautiful. Receiving the loyal souls of the martyrs expresses the author's infinite reverence for the martyrs, making this poem romantic.There are also works of this kind of romanticism in folk literature. For example, at the end of "Peacock Flying Southeast", it is written: "Pines and cypresses are planted in the east and cypresses, and sycamores are planted in the left and right. The branches and branches cover each other, and the leaves communicate with each other. There are two flying birds in the middle. They are called mandarin ducks. They raise their heads and cry at each other, until the fifth watch every night." Another example is the tragedy of Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai, and the final butterfly.These are the best wishes of the people for those who have loyal love.This poem is revolutionary literature and art, with a more noble revolutionary spirit, so it has a romantic color, and it is higher than the wishes of folk literature.

Finally, let's talk about the "Youxian" mentioned by the author.The earliest source of poetry traveling to immortals can be traced back to Qu Yuan's "Yuanyou".Qu Yuan was loyal to the motherland, walked straight, was squeezed out by the bad guys, and had nowhere to complain, so he imagined that he was parading with the immortals, and he experienced all the distant places in the sky and the earth.Later, Cao Cao also wrote a poem about wandering immortals, which was called "Qi Chu Advocate", which said that "when you go to Mount Tai in the east, the immortals and jade girls come down to roam", "you go to the Kunlun Mountain, next to the Queen Mother of the West", "eat and eat together until dusk, ride together and sit together, long live forever , suitable for descendants".Cao Cao didn't believe in gods, he wrote poems about immortals, maybe he hoped to live a long life and unify China.Cao Zhi has "The Immortals": "Han Zhong and Wang Qiao want me to be in Tianqu." Cao Zhi's wandering immortals may be suppressed politically, so they have the idea of ​​​​being born out of this world.In Jin Dynasty Guo Pu's "Poetry of Youxian", "Anthology of Works" Li Shan's note: "All the articles about Youxian are based on the net of dust, scorpion and tassels, the sunset of the meal, the bait of jade and Xuandu. But the system of Pu, the literary Most of them are self-narratives, although their ambitions are narrow and central, their words are not vulgar and tiresome, and what they see is not previous knowledge, which is good." Here it is pointed out that most of the poems about wandering immortals talk about eating with immortals.Guo Pu talks about himself more, which has his own characteristics.For example, "Pip the Fuqiu sleeve on the left, and pat the Hongya shoulder on the right. Ask the mayflies, and I would rather know the year of the tortoise and the crane."Talk about playing with immortals.Such poems about wandering immortals include the author himself.Poems about wandering immortals in which I am not included, like Qin Guan's "Magpie Bridge Fairy", which describes the meeting of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on the Qixi Festival.For example, "The slender clouds make tricks, the flying stars spread hatred, and the silver man is far and dark", the author himself is not included.It is a poem "Butterfly Loves Flowers", which only uses the life of immortals to form a noble and beautiful scene to express the author's reverence for the martyrs, so that the traditional poems about wandering immortals have a new expression in the author's pen.