Chapter 37 Qilu and Comrade Zhou Shizhao

The mighty Spring River lingers for a while, and then steps on the peak to look out. , The rain comes from the green field up the mountain. , It's a sad thing about chicken worms outside the territory. , Throw it to Hexi Terrace in 30 years. The author of this poem transcribed it in a letter to Zhou Shizhao on October 4, 1955, and the accompanying letter was first published in the December 1983 edition of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong's Letters" by People's Publishing House. According to Yang Shuda's diary, on June 20, 1955, Mao Zedong climbed to the foot of the mountain and asked Cheng Qian, Yang Shuda and others to meet at Baihe Spring on the mountain. Cheng Qian told Yang that "Chairman Mao came here by swimming when he crossed Hunan."When going up the mountain, both Cheng and Yang prepared rides, "there is still another ride that seems to prepare the chairman's ride, and the chairman can't take it if he walks vigorously."And talk about some former acquaintances.It seems that Mao Zedong was very interested in returning to Hunan, crossing the Xiangjiang River, and reminiscing with his old friends.Zhou Shizhao accompanied him to the mountain.Afterwards, Zhou Shizhao attached several poems to Mao Zedong's letter, one of which was Qilu "From Chairman Mao's Climb to Yuelu Mountain to Yunlu Palace".Mao Zedong replied on October 4 with this poem attached.Qilu's "With Comrade Zhou Shizhao" was written in a letter on October 4, 1955, but the scenery described and the emotions expressed are what I saw and felt when I climbed Yuelu Mountain in June.

The first sentence of the couplet is about revisiting the old place by the Xiangjiang River. When the water is rising, it is inevitable to linger.The poet climbed the mountain on June 20, which is the first day of the fifth lunar month.The poet here said "Chunjiang" is completely about feeling, it is lyrical rather than chronicle, and it can also be said to be a kind of feeling memory.At that time, all fronts across the country were booming, and it was one of the best stages after the founding of New China. The government was well-organized and the people were harmonious, and people's enthusiasm for construction was unprecedentedly high.As the leader of the people of the country, the poet is full of pride. The word "you" in "Yeta layer peak" contains a lot of past events invisibly. "Layer peak" is a layer of mountain peaks, which means reaching the top of the mountain.Because of reaching the top of the mountain, "looking at the eyes open", from the artistic conception, it is just like what Du Fu wrote in "Wang Yue": "The chest is full of clouds, and the canthus is determined to enter the returning bird. You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will see all the small mountains." But What the poet expresses here is different from Du Fu's. He does not feel that "the mountains are small" because of his high position, but he deeply feels the beauty of the scenery in front of him, just as the poet sighed in "Bi Yuan Chun Snow": How cute!"

The couplet follows the above meaning: "The wind rises from the oasis and blows the waves away, and the rain comes from the green fields to the mountains." From a distance, I saw trees swaying on the orange island covered by green trees in the Xiangjiang River, and silver waves rolled up on the Yangtze River; after a while, Clouds floated up, spread over the top of the mountain, and drizzled.Within the field of vision, a thriving scene.These two sentences are the same as what the poet said three years later in the second poem of "Sending the Plague God", "The red rain turns into waves at will, and the green hills turn into bridges intentionally". They are not purely descriptive scenes, but more importantly, they symbolize the domestic situation at that time.It's just that the latter has a romantic color and some imaginative elements.In "Climbing Lushan" written in 1959, "clouds horizontally and nine schools float yellow cranes, and three Wus rise white smoke under the waves", which also shows a good situation, but the use of clouds and smoke, the imagery is relatively empty, and the reader feels like a castle in the air Seems like nothing.It can be seen that poetry is a reflection of thoughts and emotions. Beliefs are not empty words. Sometimes the emotions, moods and even subconscious things revealed at that time are not even felt by the author himself.All in all, the description of the scenery in the poem "With Comrade Zhou Shizhao" truly reflects not only the prosperity of the country at that time, but also the author's happy mood.

The neck couplet is from the scene to the person.When revisiting an old place, one will inevitably think of some personnel matters.When the poet gathers with the elders in his hometown, his old classmates, and old friends, he feels that his voice, manner, and temperament are the same as before, and it is sad to think of some people who are trying their best to fight for their personal names and live overseas.The "sorrowful" here means that they are not satisfied with being outside the territory, but this is their own fault.We can feel the poet's contempt for these people from the word "chicken worm".The commentator of this poem may think that this poem refers to "certain events in the world are as insignificant as the gains and losses of chickens and insects, and it is sad that people fight each other over these trivial matters."However, the context of this sentence does not involve international affairs. This sentence comes from "talking and laughing before you", and "outside the territory" is relative to "domestic", which is not consistent with the meaning of "international".Therefore, this sentence should refer to people who met in the early years and then became the opponents of the revolution and went overseas. They may not all be famous people in history, but they should generally belong to the category of Zhang Guotao, Wang Ming, and Xiao Yu.The "people are still" in the previous sentence refers to the old people who were together at that time, and "extraterritorial chicken worms" refers to some people living overseas.These two sentences contain a lot of historical facts, a very long historical process, and also contain various memories of complex struggles in the Chinese revolution in terms of camp antagonism and line differences.But what the poet shows here is relaxed, happy, and the pride of the winner.

The last couplet closely follows the meaning of the two sentences of the first couplet, which is the so-called "flick of a finger".Recalling what happened thirty years ago, don’t lament that life is easy to grow old. Didn’t you climb the Hexi Terrace of Yuelu Mountain again today?However, today has "changed the world".Looking back on the scenes of "pointing out the country and encouraging words" and "asking the vast land, who is in charge of the ups and downs", can you not be full of pride? The structure of the seven laws pays attention to "starting, inheriting, turning, and combining". The first couplet starts with the beginning;Change the angle or change the topic of the third couplet, but it must be "connected with the pen and the meaning" without being completely out of touch. The two couplets in the middle must be parallel and consecutive, or echo each other, or cause and effect each other, so as to expand the meaning of the poem. content space.The tail couplet is closely related to the neck couplet, and the meaning of the whole poem is extended, which is implicit and thought-provoking.The conception of this poem is so sophisticated that you can know it when you read it.

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, The fluttering flag shadow rolls Hongxia. , Come and see Changsha Wanjia. , Dongfeng everywhere green mulberry.