Chapter 30 Five Laws·Zhang Guandaozhong

The morning mist fills Qiongyu, and the horse neighs the north wind. . This poem was first published in the September 1996 edition of Central Literature Publishing House. In late March 1947, the Party Central Committee held a meeting in Zaolinggou, Qingjian County, Northern Shaanxi. The meeting decided that Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Dong Biwu and others should form the Central Working Committee and go to Xibaipo, Pingshan, Hebei to carry out work; Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi formed the Front Committee. Moved to northern Shaanxi and dealt with the enemy.On the night of March 18, Mao Zedong withdrew from Yan'an with the last batch of central organs.Someone once suggested that Mao Zedong leave northern Shaanxi out of security considerations, but he did not agree, because he felt very safe moving among the people in northern Shaanxi.Before the evacuation, Mao Zedong confidently said to the comrades of the Northwest Field Corps who came to see him off: "We will exchange one Yan'an for the whole of China!"

According to Wang Dongxing's recollection, in the year after the Party Central Committee withdrew from Yan'an, he lived in many villages successively, and he was indeed like a fish in water. "Zhang Guandaozhong" is about the author's experience of a march during migration.The first six sentences describe what the troops saw and felt when they went early in winter. The most prominent feeling is damp and cold. "The morning mist fills Qiongyu, and the horse neighs the north wind." Two sentences write that the troops set off in the early morning.Why do you say departure?This is what the word "horse neighing" implies.Because the horses are on the move, they don't care about barking.And when leaving a place, or when stopping suddenly, it will make a habitual neigh.For example, "Wave your hand and go, Xiao Xiao and the horses are singing" (Li Bai's "Farewell Friends"), "The horses are all drunk, so what's more to say when we break up" (Li Bai's "Lujun Yao Temple Sends Wu Wuzhi Langya"), "Blowing horns and moving Pedestrians, noisy pedestrians. Sad horses neighing in disorder, fighting to cross the Jinhe River" (Wang Wei's "March in the Army"), this is the situation.This poem writes about horses but not about people, because the sky is full of fog, and everything is shrouded in thick fog.I write about horses because I can hear the neighing of the horses, and I don't write about people because Zhengren keeps quiet.Fog, as a kind of phenology, is characterized by diffuseness. The poet uses the word "Qiong Yu" to describe the foggy morning, which shows that there is a lot of fog that day. "Zhengma hissing the north wind" is easily reminiscent of "Huma Yibeifeng" (according to Li Shan's note, this sentence is based on the ancient poem "Daima Yibeifeng"), the original sentence has the animal Also love the meaning of homeland.This is also more in line with people's mood when they leave a station, even if it is a temporary residence.What's more, wherever he goes, the villagers will give great help and support to their troops, and it is inevitable that they will be reluctant to part when they leave.

"The dew, wet and dust are hard to stain, and the crows in the frost cage are not surprised." Two sentences describe the situation of Zhang Guandao's march. "Lushi" and "Frost Cage" are intertextual, taking care of the upper and lower sentences. "Poetry · Qin Feng · Jian Jia" has a famous sentence "white dew is frost", so "shuang" and "dew" often appear together in the poem, and the emphasis here is on frost.Due to heavy fog and heavy frost, the air was humid, although the troops were passing, there was no dust on the road, and the crowing of jackdaws could not be heard in the woods.The special mention of "crows don't startle" is because the author has been used to hearing crows during his long-term military life, especially on moonlit nights.Suddenly he couldn't hear the crow's cry, which made Zhengren feel strange.

"A soldier's clothes are like iron armor, and a man's eyebrows are like silver ice." The two sentences describe the feelings and descriptions of officers and soldiers, and the prominent feeling is cold. "Rongyi" means military uniform.Ancient soldiers wore armor, and the poet Cen Shen of the Tang Dynasty wrote about the extreme cold of Baixue, and there was a sentence that "it's hard to wear the iron clothes of the capital guard".The military uniforms of the People's Liberation Army are made of cotton cloth, which is better than "iron clothes" or "iron armor" to keep warm.However, because it is too cold, it feels close, so it is "like an iron armor".Immediately afterwards, a wonderful detail is used to express the cold weather, that is, the eyebrows and beards of officers and soldiers are covered with silvery white ice particles.Writing such details makes people feel fresh and interesting, revealing an optimistic spirit.These verses are quite reminiscent of Cen Shen's "horse hair covered with snow and sweat steaming, five flowers and money spinning into ice" and "the general never takes off his golden armor at night, and the army marches in the middle of the night, and the limelight is like a knife." ("Zou Machuan Journey Sending the Army to the West Expedition") describes the hardships of the environment, and at the same time highlights the fearlessness of officers and soldiers.

The last two sentences are lyrical. "Hesitating Zhang Guandao" is the end of the first six sentences, describing the march, but using the word "hesitating", which is intriguing. The definition of "hesitation" in the dictionary is a look of hesitation and wandering, which shows that the march on Zhang Guandao is not a fast march but a slow march.Why do you march slowly?This must mention Mao Zedong's "mushroom" tactics.After Mao Zedong withdrew from Yan'an, he sent a telegram to the Northwest Field Corps commanded by Peng Dehuai, confirming that the Northwest Battlefield's operational policy was "mushroom" tactics -- "The purpose is to make the enemy extremely tired and lack food, and then look for opportunities to annihilate them... It is impossible to win in the end without making the enemy very tired and starving. This method is called the "mushroom" tactic, which wears the enemy down to exhaustion and then destroys them." ("On the Combat Policy of the Northwest Battlefield") "Hesitation" means " mushroom". "Mushroom" is the language of the common people, which means dawdling, dawdling, consuming, restraining.However, there is another reading of "hesitation", that is, "hesitation" - not hesitating, but full of ambition - leading the enemy by the nose, how can we not be complacent.

Therefore, when Mao Zedong marched on Zhang Guandao, he was in a good mood.Writing about the fog is described as "Qiong Yu", which is a manifestation of a good mood.Writing about marching is described as "hesitating", which is also a manifestation of a good mood.No wonder the poetic flavor emerges spontaneously, and it can be summed up in one sentence - "It seems to be plugged up".The meaning of this sentence is not so much "as if walking on the frontier", but as "as if walking in the poetry of the Tang Dynasty".According to the Tang Dynasty's translation of Han Yuefu, the songs "Entering the Fortress" are "Shangshang" and "Under the Fortress".Lin Geng, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once said that the theme of the frontier fortress seems to be a theme exclusive to the prosperous Tang Dynasty.The most prominent features of frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty were pride, responsibility, critical spirit and optimism, so they were deeply loved by Mao Zedong.When Zhang Guandao was marching, Mao Zedong's series of ideas about strategic offensives had gradually become reality, so how could he not be in a good mood.

Mao Zedong said in a letter to Chen Yi in 1965: "I have never studied the five-character rhythm, nor have I published a five-character rhythm." The program of succession and transformation is naturally formed on the Internet.The general situation is that the first sentence starts, the second sentence inherits, the seven sentences turn, the eight sentences combine, and the middle two couplets expand to deepen the topic; or the first couplet starts, the jaw couplet inherits, the neck couplet turns, and the tail joint.But the first six sentences of the first five rhythms are about marching, and the origin and succession are not clear.The seven or eight sentences are combined, but they are very clear, so they are quite unique in composition.