Chapter 19 Bodhisattva Man·Dabaidi

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, and purple, who dances in the air with colorful practice? , Guanshan bursts of green. , the village wall in front of the bullet hole. , looks better today. This poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry". This Xiaoling composed by Mao Zedong 60 years ago is a passionate ode to the revolutionary war. "Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, and purple, who holds the colorful dance in the sky?" The two sentences describe the rainbow in the sky.The last sentence writes the seven colors of the rainbow, and the seven color words are written in one go. Since the poems, no one has ever written this way. It is indeed a divine pen that creates "color"!The next sentence becomes more and more strange.Comparing the rainbow to "colorful training", ordinary poets and poets may also conceive it. It is not an exaggeration. The wonderful thing is that the author has cooked a unique word "dance", which makes the static rainbow come alive. How wonderful Smart!This kind of language is exactly the language of poetry, which cannot be achieved by any other artistic style.Just imagine, colorful, rainbow-like arches, this scene, oil painting, printmaking, watercolor painting, which kind of painting can not be painted?Not to mention that photography, film, and television can truly record it.Only the artistic conception of "colorful practice" and "dance in the sky" can only exist in the image thinking of poets or poets.Poetry is an artistic building made of words and symbols, and words and symbols are not as intuitive and moving as visual images. Therefore, in a sense, it is self-defeating to pursue the realistic and picturesque scenery described in poetry.Smart writers often pay attention to promoting the strengths of poems and avoiding their weaknesses, and they are unique in what "painting" cannot express.Only the poems created according to this rule have the unique artistic charm of poems, which cannot be replaced by any other kind of art.The beauty of these two sentences of Mao Zedong must be recognized from this aspect.Moreover, "who holds it" is a questioning tone, but it does not ask for an answer.Since the following are all declarative sentences, it is very important to start the article with a question sentence here-with this question, the syntax of the whole article will have ups and downs and changes, and it will not become rigid and stagnant.If this sentence adopts a narrative tone such as "the fairy dances in the sky", wouldn't it be much inferior, how can it be as sinister as it is now?

"After the rain, the setting sun is back, and the Guanshan Mountain is bursting with green." The author has signed the writing date of the poem as "summer 1933", paying attention to explaining the particularity of the season-"summer", and here is the entry point of the poem specific time and weather conditions.Because this is a certain evening in summer, after a thunderstorm, the setting sun returns to light, so there will be a beautiful view of the rainbow all over the sky.And because the heavy rain washed away the suspended dust in the air, the rays of the slanting sun were not hindered, so the mountains in the distance looked extraordinarily green.It can be seen that although the five characters "return to the setting sun after the rain" are only plainly speaking, there is nothing amazing about them, but they are bundled up and down, so that the two sentences of "red orange" in the front and the sentence "Guanshan" in the back are all obvious. In addition to being reasonable and orderly, it is indeed indispensable.Wen Tingyun, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty and the originator of the "Huajian School", wrote a poem in "Bodhisattva Man":

The South Garden is full of light catkins, and I worry about the clear rain for a while.After the rain, the sun is setting, and the apricot blossoms are fragrant.Speechless and evenly sleeping face, the pillow is covered with a mountain.The season is about to be dusk, boring and leaning on the door alone. Mao Zedong's sentence "after the rain and the setting sun" is a sentence in warm words, only one word has been changed.However, Wen Ci is about boudoir love, with a resentful and tender style; Mao Ci is about battlefields. Although the warm words are borrowed, once they are matched with the following "Guanshan bursts of green", you can see that the realm is broad and the atmosphere is vast. , the style is quite different from Wen Ci.Mao Zedong read a lot of books and was familiar with a large number of ancient poems, so he used the sentences of the predecessors at his fingertips, or cut them a little, and used them in his own creations.What is commendable is that most of what it uses is integrated with its own work without any traces, which is by no means comparable to those who are obsessed with the past.Here is another typical example.

The above sentences are relatively easy to understand, and there is not much difference of opinion between commentators and commentators.Only the sentence "Guanshan bursts into greenery" seems to be simple but takes a lot of thinking, so it is necessary to ponder and search carefully.Here we might as well transcribe some old sayings first: "After the showers, the setting sun shines again, with golden light, erratic clouds, undulating mountains, changing colors one after another, some places are bright green, and some places are green and rich, flickering and changing."

"'Bursts' means that after the rain washes, the color of Guanshan Mountain looks greener and brighter. Some people see the word "bursts" added to the color, and think that there must be clouds in the sky at that time, making the sun sometimes disappear. From time to time, the light is bright and sometimes dark, so the mountain color also changes from thick to light, shallow and deep. Of course, the idea is very detailed, but I always feel that this interpretation is a little more realistic. To describe the static scene in dynamic, the rainbow can be Dancing in the air, of course, the pale color can also catch the eye. Therefore, we think that the word 'burst', rather than implementing it on the scene, it is better to understand Chairman Mao's work with the brush, which has a strong expressive power."

"After the rain, the setting sun came out of the sky again, and the majestic mountains of Xiongguan showed green color in bursts under the rays of the setting sun. "Guanshan bursts of green" means that the dark clouds have not completely disappeared, but Guanshan is still there, and the setting sun is just right. , it is always difficult to hide the greenness of Guanshan Mountain, and it is showing the greenness of Guanshan Mountain, just like "the pines and cypresses fade after the cold season." Although there are various differences in the above-mentioned sayings, the understanding of the word "Zhengzhen" is the same, and they all regard it as the "a burst" in modern Chinese that expresses intermittent time.After careful consideration, we always feel that such an explanation is very far-fetched.The base color of "Guanshan" with verdant forests in the south is "Cang". No matter how the light changes, the color of the mountain is only a difference in the degree of "Cang". As for the saying "blue bursts into the eyes", it can only be used to describe the landscape of the mountains flickering when the clouds and smoke are opening and closing. See it all!The old saying is unreasonable, so how should this sentence be understood?The author believes that the key lies in the appropriate interpretation of the word "Zhengzhen".According to "array", the original character is "Chen", and its original meaning is "army array", that is, a military battle formation. "The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong" contains, "Wei Linggong asked Chen Yu Confucius. Confucius said to him: "The matter of Zudou (referring to etiquette) has been heard. The military affairs are not learned.'" The "asking Chen" here is to ask how to deploy the formation in battle.There are two different usages in ancient Chinese when it is stacked as "Zhengzhen".One is the familiar one that has continued to this day and is still used in modern Chinese, indicating continuity with a slight discontinuity.This meaning has been included in large-scale ancient Chinese reference books such as "Ciyuan".However, from the perspective of etymology, it has changed from real to virtual, from specific to general, and it is a later extended meaning.Another usage has disappeared in modern Chinese, so people don't know much about it, but it generally retains the original meaning of the word "array", which means the spatial arrangement of objects.In the "Notes" column of Mao Zedong's words, we quoted two lines of poems written by Zhao Yan from the Song Dynasty: "The forests of the Huai River are falling out, and the frost birds are flying in bursts." ", the meaning of the word is obviously real and specific.The second sentence means that the trees in the Huaihe River Basin have shed their leaves one by one; the geese in the frost season form a "human" or "one" formation, and fly to the south one by one.The "Zhanzhen" here refers to the metaphor of "military formation", and when it is matched with "Hong", it is similar to the so-called "geese frightened by the cold, and the sound breaks the Pu of Hengyang" in Wang Bo's "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng". This usage of "Zhengzhen" is not included in "Ciyuan" and other reference books, which is an omission.Or some comrades may ask: "Array" and "geese" are used together to form words, the ancients have it; and "mountain" is used together, is there any documentary evidence?Of course there is!Please look at the two sentences in the inscription written by Yu Xin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty for a general of the dynasty quoted in the "Notes" column above: "The wind and cloud are miserable, and the mountains are cloudy." Cang", if the meaning of "mountain array" is taken, everything will be connected suddenly.After the shower, the setting sun shines again, and the continuous, layer upon layer mountains, which resemble the battle formation of thousands of troops and horses, each horizontal formation or square formation is gloomy. "Cang" is the color of indigo, which is exactly the color of the military uniform.Comparing the mountains to an iron army waiting for the enemy, how mighty and majestic the weather is!As we all know, during the Second Civil Revolutionary War, Mao Zedong's main revolutionary practice was as the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Red Army and the First Red Army, commanding the battle with the Kuomintang army.When he wrote this ci, although Wang Ming's "Left" opportunists who occupy the leading position in the Party Central Committee have deprived him of his "commanding seal" and pushed him to work in government departments in the central base areas, his heart is still in the army.As the former general political commissar of the Red Army, when he came to the battlefield where he led the Fourth Red Army to fight to the death against powerful enemies in the past, everything in his eyes and heart is still connected with the army and the battle. This is very natural and logical.Xin Qiji, a great poet who was born in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Qinyuanchun·Lingshan Qi'an Fu": "The old man is idle, the heavenly religion is troublesome, and the headmaster has a hundred thousand pines." The small imperial court who resisted gold and regained the Central Plains returned to the mountains and saw the tall and dense pine forests, but still couldn't help comparing them to the mighty 100,000 soldiers of Angzang.As a general in the past, the trajectory of his psychological activities is really the same through the ages!

Above we have made a brand-new interpretation of the "Guanshan" sentence. It not only fits Mao Zedong's special status as the former commander of the Red Army, but also fits the special nature of Dabaidi as the former battlefield. a kind of interpretation.Since the mountains are regarded as an army formation, it is logical to elicit the first two sentences of the next film: "The fierce battle in those days was urgent, and the village wall in front of the cave was shot." How intense is it, after all?If you usually do it by hand, you must say a few words positively.However, the tone of words used in this article is Xiaoling, and the length of the article is narrow and short, with little room for maneuver. How can it be used to make specific and subtle details of the "fierce battle"?The author is worthy of being a great writer. You can see that he wrote the "urgency" of "fierce battle" here. All of a sudden, it was inserted into the numerous bullet holes that still exist on the walls of the villages near the battlefield today.From the bullet hole, readers can easily trace the ballistic trajectory, wandering in the intense battle scene where bullets rained and bullets flew across.This mobilizes the reader's imagination, and from the perspective of accepting aesthetics, it makes them participate in the creation of the artistic expression of "the fierce battle in the past", does it have greater aesthetics than directly appealing to the reader's positive description of the battle situation? What about inclusivity and greater artistic appeal?

However, the meaning of Mao Zedong's words is not just nostalgia. His pen is slightly reversed, twisted and turned back, finishing the finishing touch, and the final chapter shows his ambition. The whole word is summarized by praising the great power of the revolutionary war to change the world. "To decorate this Guanshan, it looks even better today." The majestic and majestic "Guanshan" in the natural world in front of you is "decorated" by the artificial "decoration" of "the village wall in front of the cave", which makes it more beautiful and "more" "beautiful"!Do not sigh because of the destructiveness of war, but focus on the fact that revolutionary war can destroy and destroy an old world, so that a brand new and more beautiful new world can be born. This is the war of a great proletarian revolutionist. Watch!Three years later, in December 1936, Mao Zedong brilliantly pointed out in Chapter 1, Section 2 of his brilliant treatise "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War":

War—this monster that humans kill each other, the development of human society will eventually eliminate it, and it will be eliminated in the not-too-distant future.But there is only one way to eliminate it, and that is to use war against war, revolutionary war against counter-revolutionary war, national revolutionary war against national counter-revolutionary war, and class revolutionary war against class counter-revolutionary war.There are only two types of wars in history, just and unjust.We support just wars and oppose unjust wars.All counter-revolutionary wars are unjust, and all revolutionary wars are just... The banner of a just war for mankind is the banner of saving mankind, and the banner of a just war in China is the banner of saving China.The war waged by the majority of the human race and the majority of the Chinese people is undoubtedly a just war, a cause of supreme honor to save mankind and China, and a bridge to turn the history of the world to a new era.

This Marxist-Leninist viewpoint on the revolutionary war has been artistically expressed in literary language in the poem "Bodhisattva Man". Writing here, the author can't help but think of the battlefield pictures written by ancient writers: "The flames of war are constantly burning, and there is no end to the battle. Fighting to death in the field, the sound of the defeated horse mourns to the sky. The black kite pecks people's intestines, and flies on the dead branches. The soldiers are covered with grass, and the generals do nothing." (Li Bai, "War" south of the city)

"If you don't see the head of Qinghai, there is no one to collect the bones in ancient times. The new ghosts bother the wronged old ghosts and cry, and the sky is cloudy and rainy and wet." (Du Fu's "Soldiers and Chariots") "Corpse fills the banks of the giant harbor, blood fills the caves of the Great Wall. There is no honor and no cheapness, all are dry bones... The birds are silent and the mountains are silent, the night is long and the wind is blowing. The soul is knotted like the sky is sinking, and ghosts and gods are gathered like clouds and clouds. The sun is cold and the grass is short, and the moon is bitter and frosty." (Li Hua's "Ancient Battlefield Essay") ... They lived in the old era when the feudal ruling class scrambled for power and profit, opened up land and opened up borders, and unjust wars brought great suffering to the people. Therefore, they tried their best to exaggerate the cruelty of war in their works, and the tone was extremely desolate.This embodies the humanitarian spirit of progressive intellectuals with democratic ideas in the feudal era, which is rare and valuable.Since they are nothing but unarmed scholars, unable to find the exit that will allow the world to leave hell forever, they can only lament in low voices of helplessness when it comes to war.Since the birth of the proletariat, Marxism, and the Communist Party, the people have learned to welcome the birth of a happy new world without oppression and exploitation with the fireworks of guns and cannons, the baptism of blood and fire.The era calls for writers to write a new "Hanging Battlefield Essay" that is high-spirited and hearty, and that eulogizes the proletarian revolutionary war.This poem by Mao Zedong is just such an epoch-making masterpiece of chanting the battlefield!