Chapter 42 Drinking Twenty Poems (Nineteen of them)

In the past, suffering from long hunger, I went to study as an official.He will not be able to support himself, and he will be entangled in hunger and hunger.It's time to stand up for the year, and the will is ashamed.So he was divided as much as possible, and he died in the field.Ran Ranxing airflow, pavilion after another period.The road of the world is long, so Yang Zhu stopped.Although there is no matter of spending money, there is nothing to talk about with dirty wine. Tao Yuanming said that all twenty poems of his "Drinking Wine" were written "after he was drunk", but with a sober attitude towards life, the poems showed one by one the important aspects of life and death, good and evil, right and wrong, things and self, etc. Thinking about the problem, as Su Shi said, this man "speaks when he is drunk, but when he is awake" ("Wang Zhifang Poems").Because the poet knows that it is intolerable by the prejudice of the world, but he pretends to be intoxicating and fallacious, so the poem uses "drinking" as the title to eulogize.From this, it can be seen that the poet's difficulty in searching for the way of life in loneliness also reflects his independent and unyielding personality.This poem reveals my heartfelt feelings in looking back on the past.

The first eight sentences of the poem review his life path in a calm and serene manner, especially the two major choices he experienced in his life.From the age of twenty-nine (393) when the poet released brown and became an official for the state to offer wine, to the first year of Yixi (405) when he resigned from office and returned to the farm, during and after the long years, the poet's heart was quite restless, full of All kinds of contradictions and conflicts, sometimes even to the point of pain.But in this poem, everything seems to be filtered and purified, expressing a very simple and pure emotion.The poem said that when I first became an official, I was looking for rice and rice, but after I became an official, I still couldn't solve the problem of food and clothing, which caused reflection and determined the destination of life.The "long hunger", "general support" and "frozen hunger" mentioned here are of course the poet's poor family situation. The poet once stated in "Return to Laici Preface": "Yu's family is poor, and farming is not enough. Self-sufficient, childish and full of room, no grain in the bottle." His friend Yan Yanzhi also said in "Tao Zheng Shi Yi" that "mother, old and child are young, so they support hard work." That is to say, from some poems he wrote during his official career, There is still no major improvement, such as "vigorous energy invades the sleeves, and the ladle is thanked for many times" ("Guimao Years Twelve Months and Congdi Jingyuan") and so on.But the reason why the poet made the above choice is actually far from just considering material conditions.That is to say, in terms of retiring and returning to farming, there are not only reasons for the poet's disposition and temperament of "seldom suitable for vulgar rhyme, but love for hills and mountains", but also the decisive meaning of "the true wind dies, and the great false ones flourish". There is the fear of "the bird is exhausted and the good bow" about the capriciousness of the world and the fear of disasters, and there is also the "noble truth" pursuit of "returning to the basics".Regarding such a tortuous and profound psychological process, this poem passes by the two sentences of "the will is too shameful" and "then it is all in between".The previous sentence is also what is said in "Guigui Laici Preface": "Although the hunger and cold are severe, you go against yourself and make mistakes. You try to follow the human affairs, and you all serve your own food, so you are sad and generous, and deeply ashamed of your life ambitions." The latter sentence Then the words come out of "Xunzi Cultivation of the Body": "If you are good at yourself, you must take care of yourself." Never move.Here, the poet avoids the emptiness and seeks the truth, simplifying the complex, one of which is because of his simple understanding of the way of life: "Life is precious and proper, and food and clothing are solid. No matter what is right, but to seek self-security" ("Harvesting early rice in Xitian in the middle of September in the year of Gengxu"), so it is not shy to admit that it is considered a vulgar food and clothing problem by ordinary scholars; The worldly atmosphere full of pretentiousness confronts.This kind of understanding and attitude towards "returning to simplicity" in life is the ideological reason for the formation of Tao Yuanming's "diluted" poetic style.Zhu Xi said that Tao's poems are "healthy in language but leisurely in mind", and he is on the right path. He analyzed his own characteristics from the height of philosophy of life. .

The last six sentences of the poem sum up my attitude towards life from my review and reflection. "Xingqiu" refers to the movement of the solar terms of the stars, and refers to the passage of time; "Fuyiji" refers to the 12 years that have passed since returning to the field. "Ran Ran" means gradual progress; "Tingting" means long-term meaning. These two overlapping words strengthen the tone of sigh and imply the hardships of the years. The mental anguish of fighting in the rich and often "concentrated in this emotion, the words are close but the meaning is far. The two sentences "Shilu" give insight into the tragedy of life from the relationship between the world abandoning me and the world.Facing the vast and far-reaching world full of ups and downs, it is often difficult for people to forge ahead, and the more sober they are, the more confused and painful they will be. This is why Yang Zhu wept and returned.Yang Zhu sees "Huainanzi · Shuo Lin Xun": "Yang Zi cried when he saw Kui Road, because he could go south or north." Frustrated scholars in ancient times used this to express their deep sorrow and grief, such as Ruan Ji "Yong Huai" (twentieth) also says: "Yang Zhu weeps the road, Mo Zi mourns and dyes the silk." Then, how to solve this life problem?The poet reveals his answer at the end of the poem. The sentence "although there is no spending money" refers to the fact that in the Han Dynasty, Shu Guang and Shu Shou were able to retreat bravely because of their high reputation. Therefore, he does not want to leave the property to his children and grandchildren and suffer future troubles, which shows a clear understanding of the truth of "satisfaction without disgrace, knowing that you will never perish".The poet appreciates Ershu's attitude towards life very much. He once said in another poem "Ode to Ershu": "Who speaks of himself? Over time, the way will become clear." After a hundred years, the traces are different but the hearts are connected. The poet's " "Drinking alcohol" is therefore associated with the philosophy of "satisfaction" and "knowledge to stop".There is an old saying: "The madman makes progress, but the ignorant does not do something." The poet gave up his pursuit of external fame and career, and turned to the inner spiritual pursuit of returning to nature and "the law is the most precious."From this point of view, Tao Yuanming's alcoholism can really be said to be an example for future generations based on the drink of those who do nothing.